pediatrics chapters 11 and 12
While assessing a toddler's eyes, the nurse finds the presence of persistent strabismus. The nurse instructs the parents to immediately consult an ophthalmologist for the toddler. Which condition does the nurse seek to prevent by this instruction? 1 Amblyopia 2 Presbyopia 3 Presbycusis 4 Otitis media
1
What gross motor skill is developmentally appropriate for a toddler who is 18 months of age? 1 Creeps up stairs 2 Jumps in place with both feet 3 Stands on one foot momentarily 4 Kicks ball forward without overbalancing
2
During assessment the nurse finds that a child lacks fine motor coordination. Which games does the nurse suggest to help the child develop fine motor coordination? Select all that apply. 1 Skating 2 Painting 3 Tricycling 4 Puzzles 5 Flash cards
2,4,5
The nurse is caring for a toddler receiving an iron supplement. What factors does the nurse recognize as causes of increased iron absorption? Select all that apply. 1 Tea 2 Calcium 3 Infection 4 Malabsorption disorders 5 Food cooked in cast-iron vessels
2,5
During assessment the nurse finds that a child has poor muscle coordination. Which instruction does the nurse provide the parents to help develop muscle coordination in the child? 1 Compel the child to eat food. 2 Restrict the child from skating. 3 Encourage the child to swim. 4 Encourage the child to play with flash cards.
3
Around 18 months of age most toddlers manifest a decreased nutritional need and a diminished appetite. This condition is known as what? 1 Grazing 2 Ritualism 3 Regression 4 Physiologic anorexia
4
When is voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters typically achieved? 1 Between 8 and 12 months 2 Between 10 and 12 months 3 Between 18 and 20 months 4 Between 18 and 24 months
4
Which activity can be easily performed by the preschooler? 1 Rope jumping 2 Roller skating 3 Swimming 4 Riding a tricycle
4
What should the registered nurse include when teaching a group of parents about appropriate sex education for preschoolers? 1 It is appropriate to answer the child's questions about sex. 2 It is acceptable to discuss masturbation in public. 3 It is important to give the child a simple book that discusses sex. 4 It is essential to provide the child as much information as possible.
1
When the parent tells the preschooler to put on shoes, the preschooler wears the left shoe on the right foot and the right shoe on the left foot. What does this action indicate? 1 The child is normal. 2 The child is hyperactive. 3 The child is a slow learner. 4 The child has a mental illness.
1
Which characterizes the development of a 2-year-old child? 1 Engaging in parallel play 2 Fully dressing on his own with supervision 3 Possessing a vocabulary of at least 500 words 4 Having attained one third of the child's adult height
1
Which is descriptive of the nutritional requirements of preschool children? 1 The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity. 2 The average daily intake of preschoolers should be about 3000 calories. 3 Nutritional requirements for preschoolers are different from requirements for toddlers. 4 The requirement for calories per unit of body weight increases slightly during the preschool period.
1
Which statement characterizes the eating behavior of toddlers? 1 They become fussy eaters. 2 They have increased appetites. 3 They have few food preferences. 4 Their table manners are predictable.
1
The parent of a 20-month-old toddler tells the nurse, "I don't understand my child's eating habits. Sometimes my child eats a lot and the next day nothing at all. Sometimes my child may push away the plate and reject a favorite food for no reason." What does the nurse understand from the child's behavior? 1 The child is displaying symptoms of anorexia. 2 The child is influenced by the psychologic components of food. 3 The child becomes unpredictable after 20 months of age. 4 The parent is consistent about mealtimes with the child.
2
The parents of a 5-year-old child are worried, because the child stutters when speaking. On examination the nurse finds that the child has no problem with hearing. What should the nurse tell the parents? 1 "The vocal cords are inflamed and infected with bacteria, and need antibiotics." 2 "Stuttering is common at this age and usually resolves during late childhood." 3 "A deviated nasal septum may be one of the causes of stuttering in children." 4 "Stuttering typically happens due to poor vocabulary and hearing difficulties."
2
The parents report to the nurse that their preschooler watches television for about 9 hours a day. What will the nurse instruct the parents? 1 Give strict punishment to the preschooler. 2 Set limits for television viewing. 3 Force the preschooler to read books. 4 Avoid allowing the preschooler to watch television.
2
The parents tell a nurse that they prefer giving an all-fruit diet to their child to improve the health status. They have been practicing this for about 6 months. What problems can the nurse anticipate due to this practice in the child? 1 The patient may have hypokalemia. 2 The patient may have dental caries. 3 The patient may have constipation. 4 The patient may have obesity.
2
What information should the nurse give to parents of toddlers about the regular use of fluoridated water or beverages that contain fluoride? 1 All fluoridated water is toxic to children. 2 These drinks can cause stains or pits in the teeth. 3 Regular use of fluoridated water is recommended for toddlers. 4 It is not necessary to check the fluoride level in your water supply.
2
What is the major task of learning right from wrong that develops towards the end of the toddler years? 1 Determining sexuality 2 Conscience or superego 3 Changing body image 4 Cognitive development
2
What nursing intervention can help preschool-age children reduce sleep problems? 1 Keeping the light off in the room 2 Encouraging the child to bathe every day before bedtime 3 Encouraging the child to watch television before bedtime 4 Refraining from providing toys before bedtime
2
What should the nurse recommend to the parents to help a toddler cope with the birth of a new sibling? 1 Explain to the toddler that a new playmate will soon come home. 2 Give the toddler a doll with which he or she can imitate the parents. 3 Prepare the toddler about 1 to 2 weeks before the birth of a new sibling. 4 Discourage the toddler from helping with care of the new sibling until the baby is much older.
2
What term describes the phenomenon at work when a toddler separates from the mother and begins to make sense of experiences in the environment but is then drawn back to the mother for assistance in verbally articulating the meaning of these experiences? 1 Gender identity 2 Rapprochement 3 Transitional objects 4 Mental symbolization
2
When explaining the proper restraint of toddlers in motor vehicles to a group of parents, what should the nurse include? 1 Fitting the seat belt snugly over the toddler's abdomen 2 Placing the car seat in the back seat of the car, facing forward 3 Using lap and shoulder belts when child is over 3 years of age 4 Placing the car seat in the front passenger seat if there is an airbag
2
Which statement is most characteristic of the motor skills of a 24-month-old child? 1 The toddler walks alone but falls easily. 2 The toddler's activities begin to produce purposeful results. 3 The toddler is able to grasp small objects but cannot release them at will. 4 The toddler's motor skills are fully developed but occur in isolation from the environment.
2
Which toddler behavior indicates negativism? 1 Possessing the ability to withstand delayed gratification 2 Throwing a temper tantrum when unable to open the door 3 Showing the ability to interact with others in a less egocentric manner 4 Possessing the ability to tolerate separation anxiety
2
The nurse assesses a toddler and finds that the child is in a growth spurt. What should the nurse tell the family regarding feeding the child to meet his or her nutritional needs? Select all that apply. 1 Plan a nutritionally balanced day. 2 Plan a nutritionally balanced week. 3 Serve food in various physical forms. 4 The toddler shouldn't smell a new food. 5 Feed the child when it is actively playing.
2,3
The nurse is teaching a parent about ways to ensure proper oral hygiene for a 2-year-old child. Which statements made by the parent indicate effective learning? Select all that apply. 1 "I should stand facing my child while brushing her teeth." 2 "I should tell my child to 'roar like a lion' to brush the back teeth." 3 "I should sit on the floor with my child's head resting between my thighs while brushing." 4 "I should use a rice-size amount of toothpaste to brush my child's teeth." 5 "I should rinse my child's mouth thoroughly after using fluoridated gels."
2,3,4
A school nurse observes that a 4-year-old child is hitting another child. The child finds hitting enjoyable. What is the reason behind this? 1 The child is abnormal. 2 The child is aggressive. 3 The child is not punished. 4 The child is being teased.
3
A toddler is admitted to the hospital for chemotherapy. The parent gives a toy to the child to play with whenever the parent is away from the child. The child likes the toy and when someone tries to take the toy away, the child starts throwing tantrums. What statement by the nurse is appropriate regarding the child's behavior? 1 Toys cannot give security to the child when the parent is away. 2 Avoid giving the toy to the child when the parent is not there. 3 Give the toy to the child to minimize loneliness. 4 Attachment to toys is a psychologic problem and is to be avoided
3
During a well-child visit the father of a 4-year-old child tells the nurse that he is not certain that his child is ready for kindergarten. The child's birthday is close to the cutoff date, and the child has not attended preschool. What is the most appropriate recommendation by the nurse? 1 Encouraging the father to have the child start kindergarten 2 Recommending that the father postpone kindergarten and send the child to preschool 3 Referring the child for developmental screening and making a recommendation based on the results 4 Having the father observe a kindergarten class and then deciding whether his child would enjoy the experience
3
During assessment, the nurse observes that the preschooler has daytime tiredness, negative behavior, hyperactivity, difficulty in concentrating, impaired learning ability, and poor control of emotions and impulses. What could be the cause of these findings? 1 Dyslalia 2 Aggression 3 Sleep disturbance 4 Mental abnormality
3
For a toddler with sleep problems, what should the nurse suggest that the parents do? 1 Vary the bedtime ritual. 2 Explain away their fears. 3 Use a transitional object at bedtime. 4 Restrict stimulating activities throughout the day.
3
Parents of a toddler are worried because the child behaves abnormally after the birth of a baby sister. The toddler now likes to drink milk from the feeding bottle rather than from a favorite cup and demands to be given the same toys as the baby sister. What is the best approach in handling this behavior? 1 Teach the toddler new skills for further development. 2 Take the toddler to a psychologist for behavioral therapy. 3 Ignore this behavior and praise appropriate behavior. 4 Refer the toddler to an experienced psychiatrist for a checkup.
3
The mother of a toddler tells the nurse that her son has started kicking, screaming at the top of his lungs, and holding his breath until he faints when the two are grocery shopping. What does the nurse recognize as the cause of temper tantrums in toddlers? 1 A spoiled child 2 A pathologic condition 3 The child's desire for independence 4 The child's ability to control his or her emotions
3
The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child and finds that the child has not attained age-appropriate fine motor skills. Which activity shows age-appropriate activity for a 3-year-old? 1 Tying shoelaces 2 Drawing a square on a paper 3 Building a tower with 10 cubes 4 Using a scissor to cut paper in shapes
3
The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child. Which behavior in the child indicates that the child has attained socialization capabilities? 1 The child is well-mannered and is able to sit still. 2 The child is able to independently feed him- or herself. 3 The child takes pride in his or her many accomplishments. 4 The child is eager to please adults and do things right
3
The nurse is assessing gross motor skills in a 24-month-old child. Which action does the nurse ask the toddler to perform? 1 To walk alone without support 2 To jump with both feet 3 To walk up and down the stairs 4 To stand on one foot
3
The nurse is interviewing the parent of a 3-year-old-child to determine growth and development. The parent tells the nurse, "My child can ride a tricycle well." Which skill set does the child demonstrate by performing this action? 1 Cognition skills 2 Fine motor skills 3 Gross motor skills 4 Socialization skills
3
The nurse provides a parent with nutritional counseling to ensure proper bone development in a 2-year-old child. During follow-up visits, the nurse observes poor bone growth in the child. Which actions made by the parent may be responsible for this situation? 1 Giving the child waffles, cereals, and granola bars 2 Refraining from giving the child fruit-flavored drinks 3 Allowing the child minimal exposure to sunlight 4 Giving the child broccoli, whole milk, and kale
3
The parent asks the nurse for guidance on how to discuss sex with her preschooler. What is the best response by the nurse? 1 Do not restrict children from acting on their sexual curiosity. 2 Make sure that your child understands that sexual curiosity is a negative behavior. 3 Find out what your child knows and thinks about sex before answering any questions. 4 Honesty is not always the best policy when you are trying to protect your child's innocence.
3
The parent of a 1½-year-old child asks the nurse whether meat and hot dogs can be included in the child's diet. How does the nurse respond? 1 "Yes, but you must serve it in the child's favorite dish." 2 "Serve it less often, as it may cause early childhood caries." 3 "Slice the meat into small pieces before serving." 4 "No, the child will not be able to chew it properly."
3
What purpose can imaginary playmates serve in the lives of preschoolers? 1 They take the place of toys. 2 They take the place of social interactions. 3 They serve as friends in times of loneliness. 4 They take the place of pets.
3
Which information about bottle-mouth caries should be given to parents? 1 This syndrome can be completely prevented by breastfeeding. 2 Giving the child juice in the bottle instead of milk at bedtime prevents this syndrome. 3 Giving a bottle of milk or juice at naptime or bedtime predisposes the child to this syndrome. 4 This syndrome is distinguished by protruding upper front teeth, the result of sucking on a hard nipple.
3
Which type of play is characteristic of toddlers? 1 Tactile 2 Solitary 3 Parallel 4 Cooperative
3
A mother tells the nurse that her daughter's favorite toy is a large empty box that contained a stove. She plays "house" in it with her toddler brother. The nurse, drawing on knowledge of growth and development, recognizes what information from this activity? 1 Suggestive of limited family resources 2 Suggestive of limited adult supervision 3 Unsafe play that should be discouraged 4 Creative play that should be encouraged
4
A parent brings a 2-year-old toddler to the clinic for a well-child visit. Which statement by the parent indicates to the nurse that the parent needs more instruction regarding accident prevention? 1 "We locked all of the medicine in the medicine chest." 2 "We turned down the temperature on our water heater." 3 "We put gates at the top and bottom of the basement steps." 4 "We make sure we fasten the front seat belt tightly.
4
A parent has a 2-year old in the clinic for a well-child checkup. Which statement by the parent suggests the need for additional information about injury prevention in early childhood? 1 "We keep all of the medicines out of reach." 2 "We have a fence around the swimming pool." 3 "We've put gates at the top and bottom of our stairs." 4 "Our 2-year-old toddler takes a bath with his sister while we cook dinner."
4
A parent of a toddler asks the nurse, "Why do toddlers throw tantrums?" What is the most appropriate answer to this question? 1 "Tantrums occur when toddlers are hungry." 2 "Tantrums are often a result of sleep deprivation." 3 "Tantrums are often a result of poor parenting and inadequate discipline." 4 "Tantrums result from a toddler's strong drive for mastery and autonomy."
4
A preschooler asks the parent "Where did I come from?" How should the parent ideally react to the child's question? 1 Change the subject. 2 Scold the child. 3 Offer sex education. 4 Explain the origin of birth.
4
A school nurse observes that children demonstrate mutual play. What is the effect of mutual play in preschoolers? 1 It reduces interaction between preschoolers and their parents. 2 It minimizes verbal abilities of preschoolers. 3 It minimizes language abilities of preschoolers. 4 It provides kinesthetic experiences for preschoolers.
4
By what is sexual development during preschool years formed? 1 Strong attachments to the same-sex friends 2 Strong attachments to the opposite-sex friends 3 Strong attachment to the same-sex parent and identification with the opposite-sex parent 4 Strong attachment to the opposite-sex parent and identification with the same-sex parent
4
The nurse finds that a toddler shows transductive reasoning of preoperational thoughts. Which statement made by the toddler supports the nurse's finding? 1 "I can bring my dead grandfather back with my super power." 2 "I can fly in the air like a bird with the help of my super hero." 3 "I don't eat that because it's green, and I don't like green food." 4 "I don't like this food, because the last time I ate something new, it wasn't good."
4
The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old toddler and finds a head circumference of 19.5 inches, chest circumference of 15.5 inches, height of 34 inches, and body weight of 12 kg. Which finding is abnormal? 1 The toddler's height is below normal. 2 The toddler's body weight is below normal. 3 The toddler's head circumference is below normal. 4 The toddler's chest circumference is below normal.
4
The nurse is assessing a child and finds that the child's permanent teeth have started erupting. The child is able to balance on alternating feet with the eyes closed and is able to follow commands in succession. What is the approximate developmental age of the child? 1 2 years 2 3 years 3 4 years 4 5 years
4
The nurse is discussing toddler development with a parent. Which intervention will foster the achievement of autonomy? 1 Helping the toddler complete tasks 2 Helping the toddler learn the difference between right and wrong 3 Providing opportunities for the toddler to play with other children 4 Encouraging the toddler to do things for himself or herself when capable
4
The nurse is educating parents about nutrition in preschoolers. Which statement by a parent indicates that teaching has been effective? 1 "We will provide a diet with high fat content to the child." 2 "We will provide fruit juices to the child in higher amounts." 3 "We will provide carbonated beverages to our child in higher amounts." 4 "We will include 13 to 19 g/day of protein in our child's diet."
4
The nurse is giving anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 5-year-old child. What is the most appropriate teaching for the nurse to include? 1 Preparing the parent for increased aggression 2 Encouraging the parent to offer the child choices 3 Advising the parent that this is the age when stuttering may develop 4 Informing the parent that he or she can expect a more tranquil period at this age
4
The nurse is teaching the parent of a 2-year-old child how to care for the child's teeth. Which instruction should be included? 1 Flossing is not recommended at this age. 2 Toddlers are old enough to brush their teeth effectively. 3 The toddler's toothbrush should be small and have hard, rounded, nylon bristles. 4 Brush the toddler's teeth with plain water if the child does not like toothpaste.
4
The nurse should teach parents of toddlers how to prevent poisoning by instructing them to do what? 1 Keep ipecac in the home. 2 Consistently use safety caps. 3 Store poisonous substances out of reach. 4 Store poisonous substances in a locked cabinet.
4
The parents report to the nurse that their child avoids going out of the house due to fear of dogs. What advice should the nurse provide the parents to help them reduce their preschooler's fear? 1 Scold the preschooler for being fearful. 2 Avoid any contact with dogs. 3 Compel the preschooler to touch the dogs. 4 Suggest the preschooler observe other preschool children playing with dogs.
4
The student nurse is caring for a 3-year-old toddler who belongs to a vegan family. The student nurse received detailed information about dietary patterns followed by various cultures. Which action made by the student nurse needs correction? 1 Giving the toddler half-boiled broccoli and cauliflower 2 Serving the toddler soup made from mixed vegetables 3 Refraining from giving the toddler meat and eggs 4 Serving the toddler yogurt with fruit mixed in
4
What does the nurse suspect is causing malnourishment and dental caries in a child? 1 The parents refraining from giving the toddler fruit-flavored drinks 2 The parents giving a cup of fruit to the toddler on a daily basis 3 The parents feeding lean meats and low-fat cheeses to the toddler 4 The parents giving 10 ounces of fruit juice per day to the toddler
4
What instructions should the nurse not include when teaching parents about injury prevention at the toddler's well-child visit? 1 Remove unsecured and scatter rugs. 2 Supervise the child while playing outside. 3 Never leave the child unsupervised in a bathtub. 4 Child should wear a seatbelt when sitting in the front passenger seat.
4
What is normal language growth and development for a 5-year-old child? 1 Knows simple songs 2 Tells exaggerated stories 3 Uses complete sentences with 3 to 4 words 4 Describes drawings with a lot of detail
4
What should the nurse recommend that parents do to minimize toddler temper tantrums? 1 Giving the child a flat, large slice of cheese 2 Giving the child a small, thick cookie rather than a large, flat one 3 Giving the same foods to the child every day instead of new foods 4 Giving medication in a large cup if the child refuses to take medicine in a small cup
4
What should the nurse teach the parents about answering their preschooler's sensitive questions about sex? 1 To condone sexual curiosity games like "doctor" 2 To avoid using correct anatomic terms because they are confusing to the preschooler 3 That it is okay to be dishonest when the question the child asked is too sensitive to answer 4 That parents should determine exactly what the child knows and wants to know before answering the question
4
What should the registered nurse include when teaching a group of student nurses about the vocabulary skills of preschool children? 1 "A 2-year-old child is able to name one or more colors." 2 "A 2-year-old child repeats a sentence of eight words." 3 "A 3-year-old child has a vocabulary of about 2100 words." 4 "A 5-year-old child knows the days of the week and the months of the year."
4
What type of play is the most characteristic of preschoolers? 1 Parallel 2 Solitary 3 Telegraphic 4 Imaginative
4
When preparing parents to teach their preschool child about human sexuality, what should the nurse emphasize? 1 Parents should encourage preschoolers to satisfy their sexual curiosity by playing "doctor." 2 A parent's words may have more influence on the child's understanding than do the parent's actions. 3 Parents should avoid using correct anatomic terms because they are confusing to preschool-aged children. 4 Parents should determine exactly what the child wants to know before answering a question about sexuality.
4
Which action by the parents of a preschool child provides effective dental health to the child? 1 Including cariogenic foods in the diet 2 Encouraging the child to floss his or her own teeth 3 Including potassium-rich supplements in the diet 4 Trying to preserve the space previously occupied by an avulsed tooth
4
While caring for a 3-year-old child, the nurse finds that the toddler hits the parent and laughs. What is the appropriate reaction to the toddler in this situation? 1 Tell the child to stop hitting, because hitting hurts others. 2 Tolerate the child's behavior until the hitting stops. 3 Leave the child's room immediately when the hitting occurs. 4 Tell the child to stop hitting, because people are not supposed to hit others.
4
The parent of a 3-year-old child tells the nurse, "I offer food as a reward for appropriate behavior. I'm very pleased, because it works very well." The nurse informs the parent that the child may be at risk for which condition? 1 Obesity 2 Early childhood caries 3 Iron-deficiency anemia 4 Rickets
1
The nurse instructs the parent of a 3-year-old child to sing, tell stories, or talk to the child while the child brushes teeth. What is the purpose of this action? 1 To show the importance of teeth cleaning 2 To prevent boredom while brushing 3 To make the brushing time less traumatizing 4 To reduce negativism in the child
2
The parent of a 2-year-old child tells the nurse, "My child mostly drinks milk and fruit juice and consumes very little solid food." The nurse further assesses the child for which condition? 1 Rickets 2 Iron deficiency 3 Phosphorous deficiency 4 Amino acid deficiency
2
The parents of an 18-month-old child tell the nurse that they have prolonged bottle feeding to decrease the child's crying. What does the nurse conclude from this behavior? 1 The child is at risk for early childhood caries. 2 The child will have delayed language development. 3 The child is at risk for iron deficiency. 4 The child will have sleep problems.
1
What has the preschooler's body image developed to include? 1 Fear of intrusive procedures 2 A well-defined body boundary 3 Knowledge about his or her internal anatomy 4 Fear of looking different from his or her friends
1
What is one of the major tasks of toddlerhood? 1 Toilet training 2 Establishing an identity 3 Developing the ability to conserve objects 4 Engaging in imaginative and dramatic play
1
What is the best approach for dealing with stress in preschoolers? 1 Monitor behaviors 2 Ignore the source 3 Ask children to express feelings 4 Teach stress management techniques
1
What is the earliest age by which children are aware of their gender? 1 18 months 2 24 months 3 30 months 4 36 months
1
What should the nurse expect a 24-month-old toddler to be able to do? 1 Walk alone by using a wide stance for extra balance 2 Ambulate independently up and down a set of stairs 3 Jump using both feet and stand on one foot for second 4 Walk on tiptoes and climbs stairs with alternate footing
1
What should the nurse teach parents to prevent dental caries in a 2-year-old child? 1 Giving the child aged cheese, such as cheddar 2 Giving the child sugared chewing gum after meals 3 Giving the child honey-coated pacifiers at bedtime 4 Giving the child a lollipop to suck instead of a chocolate bar
1
According to Erikson, a major task for preschoolers is the development of which? 1 Language 2 Conscience 3 Logical thought 4 Magical thinking
2
According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial task of the preschool period is developing a sense of what? 1 Identity 2 Initiative 3 Intimacy 4 Industry
2
By what age would the nurse expect most children to use sentences of four or five words? 1 3 years 2 4½ years 3 18 months 4 24 months
2
The parent of a preschooler tells the nurse, "After the birth of my second baby, my preschooler has been using baby talk and has been aggressive with other kids." What does the nurse conclude about the preschooler? 1 The child is using displacement. 2 The child is neglected by the parents. 3 The child is trying to accept the baby. 4 The child hates or resents the baby.
1
A 4-year-old child is playing while the parent is watching television. After some time the child comes to the parent and says, "Dad! Anna broke the glass." There was nobody else in the house at that time. What should be the most appropriate response of the father? 1 "I see only you here, so you are responsible for that." 2 "It is okay. I will tell Anna not to do it again." 3 "Don't worry; I will get another glass for you." 4 "Is it? It is really bad; I am going to punish Anna."
1
A mother tells the nurse that she is concerned because her 3-year-old son has recently started talking about an imaginary friend named Gus. What is the best information for the nurse to use to address the mother's concern? 1 The appearance of imaginary companions is common among 3-year-olds. 2 The appearance of imaginary companions is common among 5-year-olds entering school. 3 The appearance of imaginary companions is worrying in a child at any age of development. 4 The appearance of imaginary companions would not be unusual for 3-year-old boy with older siblings.
1
A parent of an 8-month-old infant asks the nurse if the baby's pacifier can be coated with honey, because it is good for the immune health. What should the nurse tell the parent? 1 Honey should not be given to infants less than 12 months of age. 2 Honey is a good source of vitamin A. 3 Honey prevents the incidence of childhood caries. 4 Honey improves the child's ability to suck.
1
In which place in the birth order are feelings of sibling rivalry most pronounced? 1 Firstborn 2 Second born 3 Middle 4 Youngest
1
The best approach for effective communication with a preschooler is through what? 1 Play 2 Action 3 Speech 4 Drawing
1
One of the major tasks of toddlerhood is toilet training. In teaching the parents about a child's readiness for toilet training, what is it important for the nurse to emphasize? 1 The toddler must have the gross motor skills to climb the adult toilet before training is begun. 2 Bowel control is accomplished before bladder control, so bowel training should be addressed first. 3 The universal age for toilet training to be started is 2 years, and the age for completion is 4 years. 4 Nighttime bladder control develops first, so the parents should focus on that in the initial teaching with their toddler.
2
The nurse is instructing a parent about appropriate quantities of vitamin D and calcium to be consumed for maintaining optimum health. Which of the nurse's statements pertaining to intake of vitamin D and calcium are appropriate? Select all that apply. 1 Milk and milk products should be included in the diet. 2 Low-fat or skim milk is an excellent source of calcium. 3 Fortified milk makes a very good source of vitamin D. 4 Children 1 to 3 years old need 800 mg of calcium daily. 5 Children 4 to 8 years old need 500 mg of calcium daily.
1,2,3
Which games are helpful in improving self-expression in preschoolers? Select all that apply. 1 Dramatic play 2 Imitative play 3 Imaginative play 4 Electronic games 5 Computer games
1,2,3
A toddler is not gaining optimal weight and height for his or her age. The laboratory reports reveal very low levels of vitamin B12 and vitamin D. What should the parents be told in order to correct these low levels? Select all that apply. 1 Feed poached organ meat to the child. 2 Do not overcook vegetables. 3 Give multivitamin and mineral supplement. 4 Regularly expose child to sunlight for 10 min/day. 5 Give a combination of fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
1,3,4
Parents tell the nurse that they are worried, because their child constantly touches the genitalia in front of others. Which of the nurse's statements pertaining to this behavior is appropriate? Select all that apply. 1 "It can occur in any age group." 2 "It is acceptable to do in public." 3 "It is unhealthy if it is excessive." 4 It is a normal behavior. 5 It is considered sexually perverse.
1,3,4
The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child. What age-appropriate language skills should the nurse expect in this child? Select all that apply. 1 The child at this age has a vocabulary of 1500 words. 2 The child at this age has a vocabulary of 2100 words. 3 The child can follow three commands in succession. 4 The child uses complete sentences of 3 to 4 words. 5 The child forms a proper sentence with 6 to 8 words.
1,4
The nurse is assessing the gross motor skills of a 5-year-old child. The nurse finds that the child's gross motor development is delayed and is similar to that of a 4-year-old child. Which activities of the child lead the nurse to conclude this? Select all that apply. 1 The child is able to throw a ball overhead. 2 The child roller skates with good balance. 3 The child walks backward with heel to toe. 4 The child stands on one foot for a few seconds 5 The child jumps 12 inches and lands on toes.
1,4
The nurse teaches the parent measures to be followed when administering iron supplements to a 3-year-old child. During a follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the child still has anemia, even after following the complete treatment regimen. Which action by the parent is likely responsible for this condition? Select all that apply. 1 Administering iron supplements with milk 2 Administering iron supplements with meat 3 Administering iron supplements with orange juice 4 Administering iron supplements with an oral antacid 5 Administering iron supplements with sweet potato
1,4,5
The nurse observes that parents pressure the child to speak words that produce sounds beyond the child's developmental level. Which consequences of this parental action does the nurse warn the parents about? Select all that apply. 1 Dyslalia 2 Motor aphasia 3 Dysarthria 4 Sensory aphasia 5 Infantile speech
1,5
The nurse is teaching parents about developmental milestones of a child. Arrange different milestones in order of their occurrence in a child from birth to 3 years.
1.Participates in solitary play 2. Creeps upstairs 3.Builds a tower of four cubes 4. Engages in parallel play 5. Jumps with both feet
A 2-year-old child has recently started having temper tantrums, holding her breath and occasionally fainting. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse? 1 Referring the child for a respiratory evaluation 2 Explaining to the parent that this is not harmful 3 Explaining to the parent that the child is spoiled 4 Referring the child for a psychologic evaluation
2
A 2-year-old child resists going to bed and has the habit of banging his or her head against the wall and crying when a parent tries to place the child in the bed. What advice should the nurse to the parent? 1 During temper tantrums ignore the behavior of the child. 2 Praise the child after the temper tantrum for any positive, appropriate behavior. 3 Never be lenient with the child; otherwise tantrums will become a habit. 4 Do not tell stories to children who throw tantrums before bedtime.
2
A parent of an 18-month-old child informs the nurse that the child does not eat properly and is very fussy. Sometimes the child does not eat anything; on other days the child eats a lot. What is the most appropriate response of the nurse? 1 "Is the child taking any medications for any sort of health problems?" 2 "This is a normal phenomenon at this age. Your child is fine." 3 "The child may need some blood tests, because there is a problem with the gastrointestinal (GI) system." 4 "The child needs to be admitted into the hospital immediately for treatment."
2
The nurse recognizes that most children reach an adult pattern of sleep by what age? 1 2 years 2 3 years 3 4 years 4 5 years
3 years
For which emotions does the nurse assess during the naive instrumental orientation stage of development? Select all that apply. 1 Fear 2 Guilt 3 Justice 4 Anxiety 5 Fairness
3,5
What are some characteristics of physical development in a 30-month-old child? Select all that apply. 1 Genital fondling is noted. 2 The anterior fontanel is open. 3 The birth weight has doubled. 4 Sphincter control has been achieved. 5 Primary dentition is complete.
4,5
What is the normal age by which children can skip on alternating feet, jump rope, and swim? 1 2 years 2 3 years 3 4 years 4 5 years
5 years