Pediatrics - study questions (week 14)

What is the appropriate nursing response to a parent who asks, "What should I do if my child cannot take a tablet?" "You can crush the tablet and put it in some food." "Find out if the medication is available in a liquid form." "If the child can't swallow the tablet, tell the child to chew it." "Let me show you how to get your child to swallow tablets."

"Find out if the medication is available in a liquid form."

Which statement by a parent about conjunctivitis indicates that further teaching is needed? "I'll have separate towels and washcloths for each family member." "I'll notify my doctor if the eye gets redder or the drainage increases." "When the eye drainage improves, we'll stop giving the antibiotic ointment." "After taking the antibiotic for 24 hours, my child can return to school."

"When the eye drainage improves, we'll stop giving the antibiotic ointment."

The nurse is performing a routine assessment on a 14-month-old infant and notes that the anterior fontanel is closed. This should be interpreted as a(n)? Normal finding Questionable finding—infant should be rechecked in 1 month Abnormal finding—indicates need for immediate referral to practitioner Abnormal finding—indicates need for developmental assessment

Normal finding

What intervention can be taught to the parents of a 3-year-old child with pneumonia who is not hospitalized? Offer the child only cool liquids. Offer the child her favorite warm liquid drinks. Use a warm mist humidifier. Call the physician for a respiratory rate less than 28 breaths/min.

Offer the child her favorite warm liquid drinks.

A nurse is charting that a hospitalized child has labored breathing. Which medical term describes labored breathing? a. Dyspnea b. Hypopnea c. Tachypnea d. Orthopnea

A, Dyspnea

A 4-year-old boy needs to receive albuterol for his asthma. The most effective delivery of albuterol is: nebulizer. MDI with spacer. peak expiratory flowmeter. chest physiotherapy.

MDI with spacer.

Which food is appropriate to mix with medication? Formula or milk Applesauce Syrup Orange juice

Applesauce

The nurse is having difficulty communicating with a hospitalized 6-year-old child. What technique might be most helpful? Suggest that the child keep a diary. Suggest that the parent read fairy tales to the child. Ask the parent if the child is always uncommunicative. Ask the child to draw a picture.

Ask the child to draw a picture.

A child has a chronic, nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration. This suggests? Asthma Pneumonia Bronchiolitis Foreign body in trachea

Asthma

Which is the preferred site for administration of the Hib vaccine to an infant? A. Deltoid B. Anterolateral thigh C. Upper, outer aspect of the arm D. Dorsal gluteal region

B. Anterolateral thigh

A school-age child had an upper respiratory tract infection for several days and then began having a persistent dry, hacking cough that was worse at night. The cough has become productive in the past 24 hours. This is most suggestive of? Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Viral-induced asthma Acute spasmodic laryngitis

Bronchitis

A nurse working on the pediatric unit should be aware that children admitted with which of the following assessment findings are suggestive of physical child abuse? Select all that apply Bruises in various stages of healing Bruises over the shins or bony prominences Burns on the palms of the hands A fracture of the right wrist from a sports accident Rib fractures in an infant

Bruises in various stages of healing Burns on the palms of the hands Rib fractures in an infant

A child has a chronic, nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration. This suggests which respiratory condition? a. Foreign body in the trachea b. Pneumonia c. Asthma d. Bronchiolitis

C. Asthma

What should the nurse use to prepare liquid medication in volumes less than 5mL? Calibrated syringe Paper measuring cup Plastic measuring cup Household teaspoon

Calibrated syringe

Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason? Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays or deficits. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development. Critical periods of development occur during childhood. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.

Critical periods of development occur during childhood.

What parameter should guide the nurse when administering a subcutaneous injection to a school-age child with cellulitis? Do not to give injections in edematous areas. Attach a clean 1-inch needle to the syringe. The maximum volume injected into one site is 2 mL. Do not pinch up tissue before inserting the needle.

Do not to give injections in edematous areas.

The nurse is caring for a child with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with sepsis. Nursing actions should include: Forcing fluids Monitoring pulse oximetry Instituting seizure precautions Encouraging a high-protein diet

Encouraging a high-protein diet

In planning care for a preschool-age child, the nurse knows that which open body postures encourage positive communication? (Select all that apply.) Leaning away from the preschooler Frequent eye contact Hands on hips Conversing at eye level Asking the parents to stay in the room

Frequent eye contact Conversing at eye level

Guidelines for intramuscular administration of medication in school-age children include: Inject medication as rapidly as possible. Insert needle quickly, using a dart-like motion. Penetrate skin immediately after cleansing site, before skin has dried. Have child stand, if possible, and if child is cooperative.

Insert needle quickly, using a dart-like motion.

A nurse should routinely ask a colleague to double-check a medication calculation and the actual medication before administering which medications? Select all that apply. Antibiotics Insulin Anticonvulsants Anticoagulants Narcotics

Insulin Anticoagulants Narcotics

Which statement is characteristic of AOM? It can be treated by intramuscular (IM) antibiotics. The etiology is unknown. Permanent hearing loss often results. It is treated with a broad range of antibiotics.

It is treated with a broad range of antibiotics.

How should the nurse instruct the mother who calls the emergency department because her 9-year-old child has just fallen on his face and one of his front teeth fell out? Put the tooth back in the child's mouth and call the dentist right away. Place the tooth in milk or water and go directly to the emergency department. Gently place the tooth in a plastic zippered bag until she makes a dental appointment. Clean the tooth and call the dentist for an immediate appointment.

Place the tooth in milk or water and go directly to the emergency department.

A 5-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with copious drooling and a croaking sound on inspiration. Her mother states that the child is very agitated and only wants to sit upright. What should be the nurse's first action in this situation? Prepare intubation equipment and call the physician. Examine the child's oropharynx and call the physician. Obtain a throat culture for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Obtain vital signs and listen to breath sounds.

Prepare intubation equipment and call the physician.

The nurse should implement which interventions for an infant experiencing apnea? Select all that apply. Stimulate the infant by gently tapping the foot. Shake the infant vigorously. Have resuscitative equipment available Suction the infant. Maintain a neutral thermal environment.

Stimulate the infant by gently tapping the foot. Have resuscitative equipment available Maintain a neutral thermal environment.

What nursing action is indicated when a child receiving a unit of packed red blood cells complains of chills, headache, and nausea? Continue the infusion and take the child's vital signs. Stop the infusion immediately and notify the physician. Slow the infusion and assess for cessation of symptoms. Start a dextrose solution and stay with the child.

Stop the infusion immediately and notify the physician.

Why do infants and young children quickly have respiratory distress in acute and chronic alterations of the respiratory system? They have a widened, shorter airway. There is a defect in their sucking ability. The gag reflex increases mucus production. Mucus and edema obstruct small airways.

They have a widened, shorter airway.

What is the main purpose for using a volume-control device, such as a Buretrol or an infusion pump, to administer intravenous fluids to children? To avoid fluid overload To aid in measuring intake To administer antibiotics To ensure adequate intravenous fluid intake

To avoid fluid overload

When caring for a child after a tonsillectomy, the nurse should: watch for continuous swallowing. apply warm compresses to the throat. encourage gargling to reduce discomfort. position the child on the back for sleeping.

watch for continuous swallowing.

Which vaccine is now recommended for the immunization of all newborns? a. Hepatitis B vaccine b. Hepatitis A vaccine c. Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines d. Hepatitis C vaccine

a. Hepatitis B vaccine

The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs. The nurse's reply should be based on what understanding? a. Hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration. b. Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration. c. The child is too young to eat hot dogs safely. d. The child is too young to digest hot dogs.

b. Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.

A child with asthma is having pulmonary function tests. The purpose of the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is to: determine the cause of asthma. identify "triggers" of asthma. confirm the diagnosis of asthma. assess the severity of asthma.

assess the severity of asthma.

Which type of croup is always considered a medical emergency? a. Spasmodic croup b. Epiglottitis c. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) d. Laryngitis

b. Epiglottitis

The nurse is assessing a child with acute epiglottitis. Examining the child's throat by using a tongue depressor might precipitate which symptom or condition? a. Respiratory tract infection b. Inspiratory stridor c. Complete obstruction d. Sore throat

c. Complete obstruction

Which is probably the most important criterion on which to base the decision to report suspected child abuse? a. Inappropriate parental concern for the degree of injury b. Inappropriate response of child c. Incompatibility between the history and injury observed d. Absence of parents for questioning about child's injuries

c. Incompatibility between the history and injury observed

One of the goals for children with asthma is to prevent respiratory infection. This is because respiratory infection: can trigger an episode or aggravate an asthmatic state. encourages exercise-induced asthma. lessens effectiveness of medications. increases sensitivity to allergens.

can trigger an episode or aggravate an asthmatic state.

When caring for an infant with an upper respiratory tract infection and elevated temperature, which appropriate nursing intervention should the nurse implement? a. Encourage food intake to maintain caloric needs. b. Have child wear heavy clothing to prevent chilling. c. Give tepid water baths to reduce fever. d. Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration.

d. Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration.

An infant's parents ask the nurse about preventing otitis media (OM). What intervention should the nurse recommend? a. Bottle-feed or breastfeed in supine position b. Use nasal decongestant c. Avoid children with OM d. Avoid tobacco smoke

d. Avoid tobacco smoke

An 18-month-old child is seen in the clinic is diagnosed with acute otitis media (AOM). Oral amoxicillin is prescribed. Which statement made by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the instructions? a. "I will stop giving medication if fever is still present in 24 hours." b. "I should continue medication until the symptoms subside." c. "I will immediately stop giving medication if I notice a change in hearing." d. "I should administer all the prescribed medication."

d."I should administer all the prescribed medication."

The school nurse observes an unkempt child dressed in inappropriate clothing who repeatedly asks for food. About which problem is the nurse concerned? Physical abuse Physical neglect Emotional abuse Sexual abuse

physical neglect

The mother of a 18-month-old girl tells the nurse that she has a barking cough at night. Her temperature is 37 degrees C. The nurse suspects croup and should recommend: controlling the fever with acetaminophen and calling if the cough gets worse during the night. admitting to the hospital and observing for impending epiglottis. trying a cool-mist vaporizer at night and watching for signs of difficulty breathing. trying over-the-counter cough medicine and coming to the clinic in the morning if there is no improvement.

trying a cool-mist vaporizer at night and watching for signs of difficulty breathing.