Pediatrics Test #2

Which of the following is a reason to perform a lumbar puncture on a child with a diagnosis of leukemia? Select all that apply. 1. Rule out meningitis. 2. Assess the central nervous system for infiltration. 3. Give intrathecal chemotherapy. 4. Determine increased intracranial pressure. 5. Stage the leukemia.

2. Assess the central nervous system for infiltration. 3. Give intrathecal chemotherapy.

Cystic fibrosis is caused by: A) A defective gene that causes abnormalities in the brain B) A defective gene that leads to the making of an abnormal protein C) It is not known what the cause is D) Someone who eats too much salt

B) A defective gene that leads to the making of an abnormal protein

The client with hemophilia A is experiencing hemarthrosis. Which intervention should the nurse recommend to the client? A. Alternate aspirin and acetaminophen to help with the pain. B. Apply cold packs for 24 to 48 hours to the affected area. C. Perform active range-of-motion exercise on the extremity. D. Put the affected extremity in the dependent position.

B. Apply cold packs for 24 to 48 hours to the affected area.

What feature identifies Madison's fracture as an open compound fracture? A. Depressed area over the fracture site. B. Bone fragments protruding through the skin. C. A partially bent appearance on x-ray. D. Multiple bone fragments visible on x-ray

B. Bone fragments protruding through the skin.

A nurse is caring for a child who is in skeletal traction. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? ( Select all that Apply) A. Remove the weights to reposition the client B. Check the child's position frequently C. Monitor Pin sites every 4 hrs D. Ensure the weights are hanging freely E. Ensure the rope's knot is in the contact with the pulley

B. Check the child's position frequently C. Monitor Pin sites every 4 hrs D. Ensure the weights are hanging freely

What type of isolation precaution is recommended for infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? A.Airborne B. Contact C. Standard D. Depends on if the child has a cough

B. Contact

A nurse is caring for a child who sustained a fracture. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that Apply) A. Place a heat pack on the site of the injury B. Elevate the affected limb C. Check neurovascular status frequently D. Encourage ROM of the affected limb E. Stabilize the injury

B. Elevate the affected limb C. Check neurovascular status frequently E. Stabilize the injury

Which symptoms are manifested with chronic respiratory distress? (Select all that apply.) A. Productive cough B. Failure to thrive C. Irritability D. Pupil constriction E. Retractions

B. Failure to thrive C. Irritability E. Retractions

As the nurse assumes care for the client with a compound fracture, which actions are most important for the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Stabilize the injury. B. Perform range of motion (ROM) exercises to the affected limb. C. Assess neurovascular status every hour. D. Place an ice pack over the injury. E. Elevate the affected extremity.

A. Stabilize the injury. C. Assess neurovascular status every hour. D. Place an ice pack over the injury. E. Elevate the affected extremity.

Which of the following clinical manifestations of developmental dysplasia of the hip would be seen in the newborn? A. Lordosis B. Ortolani sign C. Trendelenburg sign D. Telescoping of the affected limb

B. Ortolani sign

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a child scheduled for tonsillectomy. The nurse determines that which laboratory value is most significant to review? A. Creatinine level B. Prothrombin time C. Sedimentation rate D. Blood urea nitrogen level

B. Prothrombin time

A mother reports that her child is not eating since being diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV) a week ago. Which manifestation should the nurse assess for next​? A. Insomnia B. Rapid breathing C. Nausea D. Hyperactive bowel sounds

B. Rapid breathing

The nurse is preparing to care for a child after a tonsillectomy. The nurse documents on the plan of care to place the child in which position? A. Supine B. Side-lying C. High Fowler's D. Trendelenburg's

B. Side-lying

Which should be the reasoning behind prescribing antibiotics to a child with respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV)? A. To thin secretions B. To treat a concurrent virus C. To break up congestion D. To treat a concurrent bacterial infection

D. To treat a concurrent bacterial infection

A 14-year-old girl has been diagnosed with scoliosis with a curve of 30 degrees. What medical intervention will treatment include for this patient? A. Transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation (TENS) B. Only exercise to increase muscle tone and posture C. Surgery with insertion of a Harrington rod D. Use of a Milwaukee brace

D. Use of a Milwaukee brace

The nurse explains that a ventricular septal defect will allow: a. blood to shunt left to right, causing increased pulmonary flow and no cyanosis. b. blood to shunt right to left, causing decreased pulmonary flow and cyanosis. c. no shunting because of high pressure in the left ventricle. d. increased pressure in the left atrium, impeding circulation of oxygenated blood in the circulating volume.

a. blood to shunt left to right, causing increased pulmonary flow and no cyanosis.

The nurse explained how to position an infant with tetralogy of Fallot if the infant suddenly becomes cyanotic. The nurse can determine the father understood the instructions when he states "If the baby turns blue, I will: a. hold him against my shoulder with his knees bent up toward his chest." b. lay him down on a firm surface with his head lower than the rest of his body." c. immediately put the baby upright in an infant seat." d. put the baby in supine position with his head elevated."

a. hold him against my shoulder with his knees bent up toward his chest."

A client is beginning a regimen of ferrous sulfate or iron. As you prepare to administer the medication, it is important for you to advise the client that a. Her urine will turn a dark orange b. Her bowel movements will be dark and tarry c. Her appetite will be diminished d. Her vision will become slightly blurred

b. Her bowel movements will be dark and tarry

The nurse is caring for a pediatric client with a fractured fibula. Which assessment prompts immediate action by the nurse? a. Reported pain of 4 on a scale of 0 to 10 b. Numbness and tingling in the extremity c. Swollen extremity where the injury occurred d. Reports of being cold in bed

b. Numbness and tingling in the extremity Rationale: Patient is exhibiting early signs of compartment syndrome.

A child develops carditis from rheumatic fever. The nurse knows that the areas of the heart affected by carditis are the: a. coronary arteries. b. heart muscle and the mitral valve. c. aortic and pulmonic valves. d. contractility of the ventricle

b. heart muscle and the mitral valve.

Which of the following definitions best describe the etiology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? a) Cardiac arrhythmias b) Apnea of prematurity c) Unexplained death of an infant d) Apparent life-threatening event

c) Unexplained death of an infant

A patient who is having a sickle cell crisis asks the nurse why the sickling causes such pain. The nurse explains that the pain of sickling is caused by a. Spasms of the blood cells as they change shape b. Deposition of sickled red cells in the bone marrow c. Tissue hypoxia caused by small blood vessel occlusion d. Infectious processes in organs affected by the sickling

c. Tissue hypoxia caused by small blood vessel occlusion

A preschool-age child undergoing chemotherapy experiences nausea and vomiting. Which of the following would be the best intervention to include in the child's plan of care? a. Administer tube feedings. b. Offer small, frequent meals. c. Offer fluids only between meals. d. Allow the child to choose what to eat for meals.

d. Allow the child to choose what to eat for meals.

A mother asks the nurse if her child's iron deficiency anemia is related to the child's frequent infections. The nurse responds based on the understanding of which of the following? a. Little is known about iron-deficiency anemia and its relationship to infection in children. b.Children with iron deficiency anemia are more susceptible to infection than are other children. c.Children with iron-deficiency anemia are less susceptible to infection than are other children. d.Children with iron-deficient anemia are equally as susceptible to infection as are other children.

d.Children with iron-deficient anemia are equally as susceptible to infection as are other children.

The nurse is caring for a child who is receiving a transfusion of PRBCs. The nurse is aware that if the child has a hemolytic reaction to the blood, the signs and symptoms would include which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. Fever. 2. Rash. 3. Oliguria. 4. Hypotension. 5. Chills.

1. Fever. 3. Oliguria. 4. Hypotension.

Which diagnostic exam does the nurse know will best aid in the diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? 1) EEG 2) CT Scan 3) MRI 4) EMG

4) EMG

One of the most important pulmonary treatments in cystic fibrosis is: A) Chest physiotherapy. B) Inhaled beta agonists. C) Oral enzymes. D) Inhaled corticosteroids.

A) Chest physiotherapy

An 8-year-old client with cystic fibrosis is admitted to the hospital and will undergo a chest physiotherapy treatment. The therapy should be properly coordinated by the nurse with the respiratory therapy department so that treatments occur during: A) Between meals B) After meals C) After medication D) Around the child's play schedule

A) Between meals

The nurse is caring for an infant with respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV) in the hospital. The parents ask if their child will need to be on oxygen. Which response by the nurse is​ accurate? A. "If oxygen levels fall below​ 90%, we will start​ oxygen." B. "We will keep your​ child's oxygen levels at​ 100%." C. "Many children​ don't require oxygen unless their levels get below​ 75%." D. "As long as your​ child's oxygen levels are above​ 50%, we will not​ worry."

A. "If oxygen levels fall below​ 90%, we will start​ oxygen."

The recommended diet for someone with cystic fibrosis is: A) High fat diet B) High calorie and high protein diet C) Low fat diet D) High calorie diet

B) High calorie and high protein diet

What is the most accurate diagnostic tool in diagnosing suspected osteomyelitis in the pediatric patient? A. Bone scan B. RBC count C. X-ray D. Serum albumin level

A. Bone scan

During a home​ visit, the nurse assesses a​ 2-year-old child. Which factor should the nurse identify as putting the child at risk for contracting respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV)? (Select all that​ apply.) A. Both parents are unemployed. B. Both parents smoke cigarettes. C. The toddler shares a drinking cup with older brother. D. There is an absence of soap at the kitchen sink. E. The toddler wears clean but rumpled pants and shirt.

A. Both parents are unemployed. B. Both parents smoke cigarettes. C. The toddler shares a drinking cup with older brother. D. There is an absence of soap at the kitchen sink.

A teenager who had a cast applied after tibia fracture complains that his pain medication is not working and his pain is still a 9 or a 10. The nurse notices some edema of the toes and capillary refill of 6 seconds. The priority action of the nurse would be to: A. Call the health care provider immediately B. find out if there is an order for a stronger pain medication C. try nonpharmacological techniques of pain relief D. explain to the teen that a new fracture is expected to be painful the first day.

A. Call the health care provider immediately

Which are signs/symptoms of epiglottitis? (Select all that apply.) A. Child insists on sitting up B. Drooling because of difficulty in swallowing C. Anxious with croaking on respiration D. Edematous tongue and swollen lips E. Child leans forward with the mouth open

A. Child insists on sitting up B. Drooling because of difficulty in swallowing C. Anxious with croaking on respiration E. Child leans forward with the mouth open

A nurse is caring for a child who has a fracture. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? ( Select all that Apply) A. Crepitus B. Edema C. Pain D. Fever E. Ecchymosis

A. Crepitus B. Edema C. Pain E. Ecchymosis

Which sign/symptom should the nurse expect to assess in the client diagnosed with hemophilia A? A. Epistaxis. B. Petechiae. C. Subcutaneous emphysema. D. Intermittent claudication.

A. Epistaxis.

What are appropriate interventions when caring for a child in traction? (Select all that apply.) A. Use of trapeze for positioning B. Neurovascular checks performed regularly C. Upright for 30 minutes a day D. Skin integrity monitored regularly E. Other extremities must be immobilized F. Liquid diet to prevent constipation

A. Use of trapeze for positioning B. Neurovascular checks performed regularly D. Skin integrity monitored regularly

The parents of a child just diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) tell the nurse that the diagnosis frightens them because they know nothing about the prognosis. What should the nurse include when teaching the parents about the disease? A.Half of affected children recover without joint deformity. B.Many affected children go into long remissions but have severe deformities. C.The disease usually progresses to crippling rheumatoid arthritis. D.Most affected children recover completely within a few years.

A.Half of affected children recover without joint deformity.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of caregivers about fractures. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A. "Children need a longer time to heal from a fracture than an adult" B. " Epiphyseal plate injuries can result in altered bone growth" C. " A greenstick fracture is a complete break in the bone" D. " Bones are unable to bend, so they break"

B. " Epiphyseal plate injuries can result in altered bone growth"

What is the primary symptom in croup? A. Dysphagia B. "Barking" cough C. High fever D. Pain

B. "Barking" cough

The mother of a 3-year-old tells the nurse she is concerned about her child's bow-legged appearance. What is the best response from the nurse? A. "A referral to a pediatric orthopedic physician is indicated immediately." B. "Is your child having any pain or difficulty walking?" C. "Do not worry about it; this is normal." D. "I would be concerned if I were you."

B. "Is your child having any pain or difficulty walking?"

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first choice in treating a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Which adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching plan for the parents? (Select all that apply.) A. Weight gain. B. Abdominal pain. C. Blood in the stool. D. Folic acid deficiency. E. Reduced blood clotting ability.

B. Abdominal pain. C. Blood in the stool. E. Reduced blood clotting ability

A yellow bruise is approximately: A. 2 days old B. 5 to 7 days old C. 7 to 10 days old D. 10 to 14 days old

C. 7 to 10 days old

The nurse is speaking with a parent who is sharing that her child has not been eating well at home since being sick with respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV). Which should be the reason for consulting with a dietitian to work with this​ family? (Select all that​ apply.) A. Provide healthy snacks. B. Place a nasogastric tube. C. Assess fluid intake. D. Discuss the importance of​ frequent, small meals. E. Assess the caloric intake.

C. Assess fluid intake. D. Discuss the importance of​ frequent, small meals. E. Assess the caloric intake.

Which would the nurse teach an adolescent is a complication of corticosteroids used in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)? A. Fat loss. B. Adrenal stimulation. C. Immune suppression. D. Hypoglycemia.

C. Immune suppression.

The nurse is caring for a 15-year-old boy after left lower extremity amputation surgery after a diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The patient reports that his "left foot is in severe pain." What should the nurse do first? A. Remind him that he no longer has a left foot. B. Provide emotional support. C. Medicate for pain as ordered D. Reposition for comfort.

C. Medicate for pain as ordered

A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old patient immediately after a tonsillectomy. What is the best position for this patient? A. High Fowler's B.Partly on the back and partly on the side C. Partly on the side and partly on the abdomen D. Supine

C. Partly on the side and partly on the abdomen

A parent tells the nurse​ "When my older child had RSV years​ ago, the doctor prescribed a bronchodilator. Why has my child not been prescribed one this​ time?" When describing why bronchodilators are no longer routinely​ prescribed, which side effect of bronchodilators should the nurse​ describe? A. Muscle cramps B. Dehydration C. Tachycardia D. Increases blood pressure

C. Tachycardia

Cystic fibrosis is diagnosed by: A) Echocardiogram B) Chest X-ray C) Complete blood panel D) Sweat test

D) Sweat test

The nurse is teaching the mother of a child with cystic fibrosis how to do postural drainage. The nurse should tell the mother to: A) Use the heel of her hand during percussion B) Change the child's position every 20 minutes C) Do percussion after the child eats and at bedtime D) Use cupped hands during percussion

D) Use cupped hands during percussion

The nurse is working with a group of new nurses and discussing the importance of maintaining fluid balance in an infant with respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV). Which statement demonstrates an understanding of maintaining fluid balance in​ infants? A. "We should encourage the parents to monitor​ sleeping." B. "We should encourage the parents to add proteins into the​ diet." C. "We should encourage the parents to force​ fluids." D. "We should encourage the parents to count​ diapers."

D. "We should encourage the parents to count​ diapers."

Which of the following children has an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) a) Premature infant with low birth weight b) A healthy 2-year-old c) Infant hospitalized for fever d) Firstborn child.

a) Premature infant with low birth weight

Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to possibly see in the child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Select all that apply a) Protuberant belly b) Diminished intelligence c) Walking on the toes or balls of feet d) Gower's sign e) Spinal curvatures

a) Protuberant belly c) Walking on the toes or balls of feet d) Gower's sign e) Spinal curvatures

The nurse is teaching a family with a newborn about infant safety during sleep. What information is the most important for the family to understand? a) The infant should be placed on his back to sleep b) Small pillows should be used to support the infant c) The infant should be covered loosely with a blanket d) A stuffed animal may be placed in the crib for comfort

a) The infant should be placed on his back to sleep

The nurse explains that which congenital cardiac defect(s) cause(s) increased pulmonary blood flow? Select all that apply. a. Atrial septal defects (ASDs) b. Tetralogy of Fallot c. Dextroposition of aorta d. Patent ductus arteriosus e. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

a. Atrial septal defects (ASDs) d. Patent ductus arteriosus e. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

When a client is diagnosed with aplastic anemia, the nurse monitors for changes in which of the following physiological functions? a. Bleeding tendencies b. Intake and output c. Peripheral sensation d. Bowel function

a. Bleeding tendencies

The nurse uses a diagram to illustrate what four structural heart anomalies that comprise tetralogy of Fallot? Select the four that apply. a. Hypertrophied right ventricle b. Patent ductus arteriosus c. Ventral septal defect d. Narrowing of pulmonary artery e. Dextroposition of aorta

a. Hypertrophied right ventricle b. Patent ductus arteriosus d. Narrowing of pulmonary artery e. Dextroposition of aorta

A child with hemophilia A fell and injured a knee while playing outside. The knee is swollen and painful. Which of the following measures should be taken to stop the bleeding? Select all that apply. 1. The extremity should be immobilized. 2. The extremity should be elevated. 3. Warm moist compresses should be applied to decrease pain. 4. Passive range-of-motion exercises should be administered to the extremity. 5. Factor VIII should be administered.

1. The extremity should be immobilized. 2. The extremity should be elevated. 5. Factor VIII should be administered.

Which of the following could the nurse do to assess for hypotonia of the 4 month-old infant? ( Select all that apply): A) Pick up the child and see if the child feels like it is slipping out of the nurse's grasp B) Assess to see if the child can momentarily support his own weight when placed in a standing position C) Hold the child up and ask them to walk forward for a few steps D) Move the infant from the supine position to the sitting position and see if the child can hold up his own neck E) Move the infants muscles and note any muscle spasms not associated with the muscle movement

A) Pick up the child and see if the child feels like it is slipping out of the nurse's grasp B) Assess to see if the child can momentarily support his own weight when placed in a standing position D) Move the infant from the supine position to the sitting position and see if the child can hold up his own neck

A 2-year-old client with cystic fibrosis is confined to bed and is not allowed to go to the playroom. Which of the following is an appropriate toy would the nurse select for the child: A) Pounding board and hammer B) Arranging stickers in the album C) Musical automobile D) Puzzle

A) Pounding board and hammer

When administering pancrelipase to child with cystic fibrosis, nurse Faith knows they should be given: A) With meals and snacks B) After each bowel movement and after postural drainage C) On awakening, following meals, and at bedtime D) Every three hours while awake

A) With meals and snacks

he nurse is caring for a child after a tonsillectomy. The nurse monitors the child, knowing that which finding indicates the child is bleeding? A. Frequent swallowing B. A decreased pulse rate C. Complaints of discomfort D. An elevation in blood pressure

A. Frequent swallowing

One nursing diagnosis for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is impaired physical mobility. Select all that apply. A. Give pain medication prior to ambulation. B. Assist with range-of-motion activities. C. Encourage the child to eat a high-fat diet. D. Provide oxygen as necessary. E. Use nonpharmacological methods, such as heat.

A. Give pain medication prior to ambulation. B. Assist with range-of-motion activities. E. Use nonpharmacological methods, such as heat.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a​ 9-month-old client with respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV) about ways to help the child recover quickly from the disorder. Which information should the nurse​ include? (Select all that​ apply.) A. Provide​ frequent, small meals throughout the day. B. Use a bulb syringe to clear the nose before giving a bottle. C. Help the child to blow the nose to clear the airway. D. Wash hands thoroughly after caring for the child. E. Permit the child to rest and nap throughout the day.

A. Provide​ frequent, small meals throughout the day. B. Use a bulb syringe to clear the nose before giving a bottle. E. Permit the child to rest and nap throughout the day.

A "neurovascular check" for tissue perfusion includes which of the following observations ( Select all that apply) A. Pulse B. Color and capillary refill C. Movement and sensation D. Equal pupil size of eyes

A. Pulse B. Color and capillary refill C. Movement and sensation

The nurse is teaching an adolescent girl with scoliosis about a Milwaukee brace that her health care provider has prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse provide to this client? A. Remove the brace 1 hour each day for bathing only. B. Remove the brace only for back range-of-motion exercises. C. Wear the brace against the bare skin to ensure a good fit. D. Wearing the brace will cure the spinal curvature.

A. Remove the brace 1 hour each day for bathing only.

The nurse reinforces home care instructions for parents of a child who has had an above-the-knee cast applied. Which of the following does she teach? ( Select all that apply) A. Use fingertips to lift the cast until it is fully dry B. Keep small toys out of the child's reach C. Place heating pad on the toes if they feel cold D. Elevate the leg on pillows E. Contact he health care provider if the child complains of numbness.

B. Keep small toys out of the child's reach D. Elevate the leg on pillows E. Contact he health care provider if the child complains of numbness.

After a tonsillectomy, the nurse reviews the health care provider's (HCP's) postoperative prescriptions. Which prescription should the nurse question? A. Monitor for bleeding. B. Suction every 2 hours. C. Give no milk or milk products. D. Give clear, cool liquids when awake and alert.

B. Suction every 2 hours.

Why are chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate (Trexall) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) sometimes used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)? A. Are effective against cancer-like JIA. B. Suppress the immune system. C. Are similar to NSAIDs. D. Are absorbed into the synovial fluid.

B. Suppress the immune system.

After a tonsillectomy, a child begins to vomit bright red blood. The nurse should take which initial action? A. Maintain NPO status. B. Turn the child to the side. C. Administer the prescribed antiemetic. D. Notify the health care provider (HCP)

B. Turn the child to the side.

A type of fracture in a young child that may be indicative of child abuse is: A. greenstick fracture of the tibia B. spiral fracture of the femur C. pathological fracture of the fibula D. aligned fracture of the wrist

B. spiral fracture of the femur

While caring for a 9-year-old female in Buck's traction, which of the following actions by the nurse is correct? A. The nurse encourages the child's 3 year-old sibling to sit on the bed and visit with the child. B. The nurse helps the child learn how to raise and lower the head of her bed so she can complete her homework. C. The nurse checks the capillary refill on the child's extremities every 4 hours. D. The nurse teaches the child's mother to place the weights on the bedside table before the child uses the bedpan.

C. The nurse checks the capillary refill on the child's extremities every 4 hours.

The nurse is working with a mother and discussing the process of keeping the airway clear for a child diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV). Which should the nurse teach the parent to do at​ home? A. Use a catheter to suction the airway B. Perform chest percussion C. Use a bulb syringe to suction the nose D. Auscultate lung sounds

C. Use a bulb syringe to suction the nose

A nurse is caring for a child who is in a plaster spica cast. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Use a heat lamp to facilitate drying B. Avoid turning the child until the cast is dry C. Assist the client with crutch walking after the cast is dry D. Apply moleskin to the edges of the cast

D. Apply moleskin to the edges of the cast

What terminology applies when there is an intentional omission of verbal or behavioral actions that are necessary for development of a healthy self-esteem, including social or emotional isolation of a child? A. Physical neglect B. Emotional abuse C. Physical abuse D. Emotional neglect

D. Emotional neglect

The nurse is teaching the parent of a child newly diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The nurse would evaluate the teaching as successful when the parent is able to say that the disorder is caused by the: A. Breakdown of osteoclasts in the joint space causing bone loss. B. Loss of cartilage in the joints. C. Buildup of calcium crystals in joint spaces. D. Immune-stimulated inflammatory response in the joint.

D. Immune-stimulated inflammatory response in the joint.

What is the most important nursing intervention to identify and minimize compartment syndrome? A. Apply BP cuff above the cast. B. Treat pain with minimum amount needed to control it. C. Elevate arm at least 30 minute/hr. D. Perform frequent neurovascular checks.

D. Perform frequent neurovascular checks.

Cystic fibrosis is a _______________ system disease. A. respiratory B. endocrine C. gastrointestinal D. multi

D. multi

An abnormal S shaped curvature of the spine seen in school-age children is: A. Sclerosis B. Sciatica C. Scabies D. scoliosis

D. scoliosis

The father of a preschool-age child with a tentative diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) asks about a test to definitively diagnose JIA. The nurse's response is based on knowledge of which of the following? A.The latex fixation test is diagnostic. B.An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate is diagnostic. C.A positive synovial fluid culture is diagnostic. D.No specific laboratory test is diagnostic.

D.No specific laboratory test is diagnostic.

How would the nurse caring for an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) modify feeding techniques to adapt for the child's weakness and fatigue? Select all that apply. a. Feeding more frequently with smaller feedings b. Using a soft nipple with enlarged holes c. Holding and cuddling the child during feeding d. Substituting glucose water for formula e. Offering high-caloric formula

a. Feeding more frequently with smaller feedings b. Using a soft nipple with enlarged holes c. Holding and cuddling the child during feeding e. Offering high-caloric formula

The assessment that would lead the nurse to suspect that a newborn infant has a ventricular septal defect is: a. a loud, harsh murmur with a systolic tremor. b. cyanosis when crying. c. blood pressure higher in the arms than in the legs. d. a machinery-like murmur.

a. a loud, harsh murmur with a systolic tremor.

When a father asks why his child with tetralogy of Fallot seems to favor a squatting position, the nurse would explain that squatting: a. increases the return of venous blood back to the heart. b. decreases arterial blood flow away from the heart. c. is a common resting position when a child is tachycardic. d. increases the workload of the heart.

a. increases the return of venous blood back to the heart.

The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. The child's parent asks the nurse, "How does Kawasaki disease affect my child's heart and blood vessels?" The nurse's response is based on the understanding that: a. inflammation weakens blood vessels, leading to aneurysm. b. increased lipid levels lead to the development of atherosclerosis. c. untreated disease causes mitral valve stenosis. d. altered blood flow increases cardiac workload with resulting heart failure.

a. inflammation weakens blood vessels, leading to aneurysm.

The nurse is especially concerned to assess for adequate respiratory function in which of the following disease processes? Select all that apply: a) Spina bifida occulta b) Duchene muscular dystrophy c) Spinal Muscular Atrophy d) Brachial plexus injury e) Cerebral Palsy

b) Duchene muscular dystrophy c) Spinal Muscular Atrophy e) Cerebral Palsy

Tommy is a young child who is started walking early in life and usually is very active and happy. His mother tells you of a slow change that has happened to her son, and that he is less active than he has been. He now seems tired a lot and has difficulty doing things he used to do, such as running and playing. Which of the following would the nurse want to assess first? a) Check the child's back for dimpling or a tuft of hair at the base of the spine b) Assess the child's pain level and level of consciousness c) The child's ability to stand up and walk d) The presence of infantile reflexes

c) The child's ability to stand up and walk rationale: This child is presenting signs that most line up with a form of progressive muscular dystrophy

The nurse clarifies to the parents of a 4-year-old child recovering from rheumatic fever that the child will need to receive monthly injections of penicillin G for a minimum of _____ year(s). a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. 10

c. 5

The nurse is caring for a client who develops compartment syndrome from a severely fractured arm. The client asks the nurse how this can happen. The nurse's response is based on the understanding that: a. A bone fragment has injured the nerve supply in the area b. An injured artery causes impaired arterial perfusion through the compartment c. Bleeding and swelling cause increased pressure in an area that cannot expand d. The fascia expands with injury, causing pressure on underlying nerves and muscles

c. Bleeding and swelling cause increased pressure in an area that cannot expand

The clinic nurse instructs the mother of a child with sickle cell disease about the precipitating factors related to pain crisis. Which of the following, if identified by the mother as a precipitating factor, indicates the need for further instructions? a. Infection b. Trauma c. Fluid overload d. Stress

c. Fluid overload Rationale: Pain crisis may be precipitated by infection, dehydration, hypoxia, trauma, or physical or emotional stress.

A child suspected of having sickle cell disease is seen in a clinic, and laboratory studies are performed. A nurse checks the lab results, knowing that which of the following would be increased in this disease? a. Platelet count b. Hematocrit level c. Reticulocyte count d. Hemoglobin level

c. Reticulocyte count

When discussing appropriate food choices with a patient who has iron-deficiency anemia and follows a low-cholesterol diet, the nurse will encourage the patient to increase the dietary intake of a. eggs and muscle meats. b. nuts and cornmeal. c. milk and milk products. d. legumes and dried fruits

d. legumes and dried fruits