Penny Review : Multiple gestations

The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed ? a) TTTS b) twin embolization syndrome c) twin peak sign d) conjoined twins

TTTS

Acardiac twinning results from ? a) poor maternal nutrition b) dizygotic gestations c) abnormal links between the placental vessels d) twin embolization

abnormal links between the placental vessels

Monozygotic twins results from? a) a single zygote that splits b) two zygotes that are fertilized by the same sperm c) two morulla d) a single zygote that is fertilized by two sperm

a single zygote that splits

TRAP syndrome may also be referred to as ? a) TTRS b) vanishing twin syndrome c) twin embolization d) acardiac twinning

acardiac twinning

The inner membrane surrrounding the fetus is referred to as the ? a) placenta b) chorion c) amnion d) yolk sac

amnion

Which of the following can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning? a) monochorionic diamniotic twins b) monochorionic monoamniotic twins c) dichorionic diamniotic twins d) all the above

all the above

Which term relates the number of amniotic sacs? a) chorionicity b) placentation c) amnionicity d) embryology

amnionicity

The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the ? a) placenta b) chorion c) amnion d) yolk sac

chorion

Which term relates the number of placentas ? a) chorionicity b) zygocity c) amnionicity d) cleavage

chorionicity

Twins whose bodies are connected at some point are said to be ? a) fraternal b) conjoined c) identical d) stuck

conjoined

Twins having two placentas and two amniotic sacs are referred to as ? a) mono di b) bi di c) di di d) di bi

di di

The sono exam of twins reveals a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane. This finding is indicative of? a) mono mono twins b) mono di twins c) di di twins d) mono di twins

di di twins

The term that indicates the presence of two seperate amniotics sacs is ? a) dichorionic b) bichorionic c) monoamniotic d) diamniotic

diamniotic

Which of the following can occur as a result of dizygotic twinning ? a) monochorioninc diamniotic twins b) monochorionic monoamniotic twins c) dichorionic diamniotic twins d) all of the above

dichorionic diamniotic twins

Twins having one placenta and one amniotic are referred to as ? a) di mono b) di di c) mono di d) mono mono

mono mono

Twins that have the threat of being conjoined are? a) mono mono b) mono di c) dizygotic d) di di

mono mono

identical twins result from ? a) monozygotic twinning b) dizygotic twinning c) heterotopic pregnancy d) monochorionic pregnancy

monozygotic twinning

What is the term for conjoined twins attached at the sacral region ? a) sacralpagus b) omphalopagus c) pyopagus d) thoracopagus

pyopagus

The twin that will appear larger in TTTS is the ? a) donor b) recipient c) both will be the same d) both will be demised

recipient

Which of the following is not a sono sign of a dichorionic diamniotic gestation? a) twin peak sign b) lambda sign c) delta sign d) t sign

t sign

The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of ? a) twin embolization syndrome b) TTTS c) TRAP syndrome d) dichorionicity

twin embolization syndrome

The term that indicates the presence of two seperate placentas is ? a) dichorionic b) bichorionic c) monoamniotic d) diamniotic

dichorionic

typically the first sono manifestation of ttts is ? a) oligohydramnios b) polyhydramnios c) dichorionic twinning d) discordant fetal growth

discordant fetal growth

Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of ? a) discordant growth b) preeclampsia c) di di twinning d) intrauterine infections

discordant growth

Twins that result from the fertilization of two seperate ova are called ? a) diamniotic b) dizygotic c) monozygotic d) monochorionic

dizygotic

Fraternal twins result from? a) monozygotic twinning b) dizygotic twinning c) heterotopic pregnancies d) monochorionic pregnancies

dizygotic twinning

What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from TTTS ? a) cleavage laser resection treatment b) endoscopic guided laser photocoagulation c) endermic translocation of placental vessels d) circumvallate resection of shared placental vasculature

endoscopic guided laser photocoagulation

Which of the following would not increase the liklihood of multiple gestations? a) gestational diabetes b) maternal age > 40 c) maternal history of twins d) ART

gestational diabetes

Ovulation induction drugs not only increase the liklihood of multiple gestations but also increase the liklihood of ? a) maternal diabetes b) ovarian prolapse c) heterotopic pregnancies d) choriocarcinoma

heterotopic pregnancies

All of the following complications are associated with multiple gestations except ? a) preterm delivery b) high birth weight c) maternal anemia d) maternal preeclampsia

high birth weight

The most common form of monozygotic twins is ? a) monochorionic diamniotic b) dichorioninc monoamniotic c) monochorionic monoamniotic d) none of the above

monochorionic diamniotic

Which form of monozygotic twinning is least common? a) monochorionic diamniotic b) monochorionic monoamniotic c) dichorionic diamniotic d) dichorionic biamniotic

monochorionic monoamniotic

Conjoined twins that are attached at the abdomen are referred to as ? a) omphalopagus b) thoracopagus c) ileopagus d) craniopagus

omphalopagus

The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as the ? a) pump twin b) parasitic twin c) stuck twin d) vanishing twin

parasitic twin

Factors that increase the liklihood of having multiple gestations include all of the following except? a) advanced maternal age b) ovulation induction drugs c) poor nutritional state d) maternal predisposition for twins

poor nutritional state

What condition is pregnancy induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks ? a) gestational diabetes b) preeclampsia c) porencephaly d) maternal mirror syndrome

preeclampsia

Which of the following would a newborn most likely suffer from if he or she were born prior to 32 weeks as a result of multiple gestation complications? a) ascites b) pulmonary hypoplasia c) amnionitis d) preeclampsia

pulmonary hypoplasia

What is it called when a twin fetus suffering from ttts experiences sever oligohydramnios and becomes closely adhered to the uterine wall? a) acardiac monster b) vanishing twin c) acardiac twin d) stuck twin

stuck twin

Twins having two placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as ? a) monochorionic and diamniotic b) monoamniotic and dichorionic c) dichorionic and monoamniotic d) this does not occur

this does not occur

The demise of a twin during the second or third trimester can lead to ? a) TTSTS b) twim embolization syndrome c) twin peak sign d) acardiac twinning

twin embolization syndrome