Penny Review : Multiple gestations
The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed ? a) TTTS b) twin embolization syndrome c) twin peak sign d) conjoined twins
TTTS
Acardiac twinning results from ? a) poor maternal nutrition b) dizygotic gestations c) abnormal links between the placental vessels d) twin embolization
abnormal links between the placental vessels
Monozygotic twins results from? a) a single zygote that splits b) two zygotes that are fertilized by the same sperm c) two morulla d) a single zygote that is fertilized by two sperm
a single zygote that splits
TRAP syndrome may also be referred to as ? a) TTRS b) vanishing twin syndrome c) twin embolization d) acardiac twinning
acardiac twinning
The inner membrane surrrounding the fetus is referred to as the ? a) placenta b) chorion c) amnion d) yolk sac
amnion
Which of the following can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning? a) monochorionic diamniotic twins b) monochorionic monoamniotic twins c) dichorionic diamniotic twins d) all the above
all the above
Which term relates the number of amniotic sacs? a) chorionicity b) placentation c) amnionicity d) embryology
amnionicity
The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the ? a) placenta b) chorion c) amnion d) yolk sac
chorion
Which term relates the number of placentas ? a) chorionicity b) zygocity c) amnionicity d) cleavage
chorionicity
Twins whose bodies are connected at some point are said to be ? a) fraternal b) conjoined c) identical d) stuck
conjoined
Twins having two placentas and two amniotic sacs are referred to as ? a) mono di b) bi di c) di di d) di bi
di di
The sono exam of twins reveals a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane. This finding is indicative of? a) mono mono twins b) mono di twins c) di di twins d) mono di twins
di di twins
The term that indicates the presence of two seperate amniotics sacs is ? a) dichorionic b) bichorionic c) monoamniotic d) diamniotic
diamniotic
Which of the following can occur as a result of dizygotic twinning ? a) monochorioninc diamniotic twins b) monochorionic monoamniotic twins c) dichorionic diamniotic twins d) all of the above
dichorionic diamniotic twins
Twins having one placenta and one amniotic are referred to as ? a) di mono b) di di c) mono di d) mono mono
mono mono
Twins that have the threat of being conjoined are? a) mono mono b) mono di c) dizygotic d) di di
mono mono
identical twins result from ? a) monozygotic twinning b) dizygotic twinning c) heterotopic pregnancy d) monochorionic pregnancy
monozygotic twinning
What is the term for conjoined twins attached at the sacral region ? a) sacralpagus b) omphalopagus c) pyopagus d) thoracopagus
pyopagus
The twin that will appear larger in TTTS is the ? a) donor b) recipient c) both will be the same d) both will be demised
recipient
Which of the following is not a sono sign of a dichorionic diamniotic gestation? a) twin peak sign b) lambda sign c) delta sign d) t sign
t sign
The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of ? a) twin embolization syndrome b) TTTS c) TRAP syndrome d) dichorionicity
twin embolization syndrome
The term that indicates the presence of two seperate placentas is ? a) dichorionic b) bichorionic c) monoamniotic d) diamniotic
dichorionic
typically the first sono manifestation of ttts is ? a) oligohydramnios b) polyhydramnios c) dichorionic twinning d) discordant fetal growth
discordant fetal growth
Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of ? a) discordant growth b) preeclampsia c) di di twinning d) intrauterine infections
discordant growth
Twins that result from the fertilization of two seperate ova are called ? a) diamniotic b) dizygotic c) monozygotic d) monochorionic
dizygotic
Fraternal twins result from? a) monozygotic twinning b) dizygotic twinning c) heterotopic pregnancies d) monochorionic pregnancies
dizygotic twinning
What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from TTTS ? a) cleavage laser resection treatment b) endoscopic guided laser photocoagulation c) endermic translocation of placental vessels d) circumvallate resection of shared placental vasculature
endoscopic guided laser photocoagulation
Which of the following would not increase the liklihood of multiple gestations? a) gestational diabetes b) maternal age > 40 c) maternal history of twins d) ART
gestational diabetes
Ovulation induction drugs not only increase the liklihood of multiple gestations but also increase the liklihood of ? a) maternal diabetes b) ovarian prolapse c) heterotopic pregnancies d) choriocarcinoma
heterotopic pregnancies
All of the following complications are associated with multiple gestations except ? a) preterm delivery b) high birth weight c) maternal anemia d) maternal preeclampsia
high birth weight
The most common form of monozygotic twins is ? a) monochorionic diamniotic b) dichorioninc monoamniotic c) monochorionic monoamniotic d) none of the above
monochorionic diamniotic
Which form of monozygotic twinning is least common? a) monochorionic diamniotic b) monochorionic monoamniotic c) dichorionic diamniotic d) dichorionic biamniotic
monochorionic monoamniotic
Conjoined twins that are attached at the abdomen are referred to as ? a) omphalopagus b) thoracopagus c) ileopagus d) craniopagus
omphalopagus
The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as the ? a) pump twin b) parasitic twin c) stuck twin d) vanishing twin
parasitic twin
Factors that increase the liklihood of having multiple gestations include all of the following except? a) advanced maternal age b) ovulation induction drugs c) poor nutritional state d) maternal predisposition for twins
poor nutritional state
What condition is pregnancy induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks ? a) gestational diabetes b) preeclampsia c) porencephaly d) maternal mirror syndrome
preeclampsia
Which of the following would a newborn most likely suffer from if he or she were born prior to 32 weeks as a result of multiple gestation complications? a) ascites b) pulmonary hypoplasia c) amnionitis d) preeclampsia
pulmonary hypoplasia
What is it called when a twin fetus suffering from ttts experiences sever oligohydramnios and becomes closely adhered to the uterine wall? a) acardiac monster b) vanishing twin c) acardiac twin d) stuck twin
stuck twin
Twins having two placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as ? a) monochorionic and diamniotic b) monoamniotic and dichorionic c) dichorionic and monoamniotic d) this does not occur
this does not occur
The demise of a twin during the second or third trimester can lead to ? a) TTSTS b) twim embolization syndrome c) twin peak sign d) acardiac twinning
twin embolization syndrome