People Places and Things to Know Chapter 11 BJU Cultural Geography
Identify and label some of the major cities in Europe. Explain how geography influenced the rise of these cities. These cities will be included on the word bank when you study your maps.
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North Atlantic Drift
Coming off the coast of Canada, it warms northern Europe so that even the harbors of Norway remain ice -free year round
Tagus
Spain's largest river
Normandy
famous for the Allied invasion of France during World War II on June 6, 1944. East of Brittany - near France
River Thames
flows through the center of the UK
Mount Titano
located in the central Apennines; the people speak Italian; a Christian stone cutter and his followers used this mountain to escape religious persecution in the year 301 AD
Barcelona seaport
located in the northeast corner of Spain; an important seaport throughout Spain's history
Massif Central
mountainous plateaus in south-central France has poor soils that make the region useful only for grazing livestock
lochs
narrow lakes carved by glaciers; in Scotland
glens
narrow valleys carved by glaciers; in Scotland
Matterhorn
one of the major ranges in the Swiss Alps
Rhine River
one of the most important rivers in Europe and flows through or borders six countries
Catalonia
one of the three regions of Spain in which there is a second official language; the people here continue to seek independence
polders
parcels of land reclaimed from the sea
Basques
people who live in the Pyrenees Mountains and also in Spain; fiercely independent and work hard to maintain their language and culture in both countries
Alps
primary range in the Alpine Region; system is called the Alps
Cantabrian Mountains
rise from the northern and northwestern edge of the Meseta and run parallel to the Atlantic.
Athens
sits on a plain in southeastern Greece; most of the population is here; a city which sprawls over 165 square miles. ; lots of pollution; and ancient ruins
Bavarian Alps
stretch along Germany's entire southern border with Austria, not far from Munich
Appenine Mountains
stretch the length of the Italian peninsula
Madrid
the capital city of Spain
Reykjavik:
the capital of Iceland, houses half the population, geothermal energy provides heat for hot water, heated outdoor swimming pools, they use greenhouses to grow vegetables
Ben Nevis
the highest mountain in the British Isles
Galdhopiggen
the highest peak in Scandinavia, rises in the south.
Stockholm:
the largest city in Swedish Scandinavia, has 14 islands, connected by 50 bridges, has many ports on the Baltic Sea Berlin: heart of Germany, ancient and modern; founded on the Spree River
Brussels
the largest city in the country of Belgium; many international organizations are headquartered in Brussels including the Parliament of the European Union and NATO
Ruhr
the largest industrial region in Europe; down from Germany
Sogne Fjord.
the longest fjord in Norway; cuts 127 miles inland
Loire River
the longest river in France
Strait of Gibraltar
the narrowness of this strait makes Spain a land bridge between Arica and Europe
Brenner Pass
the primary mountain pass that German invaders and merchants have used to reach Italy
Central Uplands
the provinces of Southern Germany lie on hilly plateaus. are part of a wider system of plateaus that begins with the Massif Central of France and stretches through the low Jura Mountains and Ardennes eastward through Germany into the Czech Republic.
the Pennines
where Sherwood Forest from Robin Hood is located; a mountain system extending south from Scotland to the Midlands and form the backbone of England
Ardennes
within the region of Flanders (northern Belgium) are these series of rolling hills
Berlin
heart of Germany; both ancient and modern
Mount Blanc
highest mountain in the Alps
Lisbon
in Portugal; the capital and largest city; has finest natural harbor in the world
loughs
in northern Ireland; these crystal clear lakes dot the interiors
duchy
is a country ruled by a duke in Luxembourg
Po River
is the longest river in Italy; the Po flows east until it empties into the Adriatic
Macedonia
it is part of a larger historical region where Alexander the Great rose to power.
Brussels
largest city in Belgium and capital, NATO and other international organizations are seated there .
London:
largest city located on the Thames River. The Thames River runs right through the heart of the UK where it is considered an agricultural heartland
Mount Hekla
located in Iceland; an undersea volcano; thought by some to conceal the gates of hell
Althing
Icelander heritage; the oldest parliamentary assembly still in existence
Lapps
In Finland; call themselves Sami; tended reindeer for 1000's of years
Apulla
Italy is boot shaped; this is what the heel of the boot is called
Vatnajokull
Located in Iceland; it is the largest glacier in Europe
Danube River
Most people from Austria live in the area to the north of the Danube River
Wallonia
Belgium's southern district
Locate the four subregions of Western Europe and the countries in each subregion. (You will have a word bank, but need to know where to locate on the map, and to name the sub-region of each cluster of countries)
1. British Isles: Ireland, Isle of Man, many small islands, and Great Britain which is the countries of England, Ireland, and Northern Ireland, Wales, and Scotland 2. Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland 3. Continental Europe: France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, 4. Mediterranean Europe: (Iberian Peninsula: Spain, Andorra (below the Pyrenees Mountains), and Portugal), (Italian Peninsula: Italy, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City (Rome), Malta, and Greece)
Vienna
Austria's capital; the largest city in the country.
Swiss Alps
Central Alps the stretch across southern Switzerland and consist of four ranges
Seine River
Paris France is located on this river; and one of the 5 major French rivers that flow through France
Meseta
a high plateau in Spain meaning "tableland"
Peloponnesus
a large peninsula in the south of Greece
Flanders
a region in Belgium to the north which has polders and sand plains where people speak Dutch.
Copenhagen:
a strategic port - means "merchant's harbor", nearly 1/3rd of Denmark's population resides in this capital city
foehn
a warm dry wind that blows from the Alps
moors
a wasteland on a high treeless plateau, sometimes called heath because of the heather plant that is the only thing that grows on it
Sardania
an island located 100 miles off Italy and close the island of Corsican. It is beautiful and sparse populated island.
Pyrenees Mountains
are a natural boundary between France and Spain. Few passes cross these mountains
Vienna:
capital of Austria; known for its architecture and musicians, such as Wolgang Mozart, Franz Schubert, and Johan Strauss, Home of Petroleum Engineering OPEC Athens large city in Greece; pollution is strong, lots of industry Lisbon: capitol of Portugal, tyrannical government in the past, now it is tied to the European union
Helsinki:
capital of Finland, main seaport and largest city, located access to the Baltic Sea, has a shipbuilding industry
Paris
capital of France; located on the Seine River, the plains around Paris produce wheat barley and sugar beet
Oslo:
capital of Norway, largest lowland in the country and contains the best land and moderate climate
downs
chalk hills of southeast England, weak cannot support trees, but have grass for cattle and sheep
Kiel Canal
directly links the North Sea with the Baltic Sea