People Places and Things to Know Chapter 11 BJU Cultural Geography

Identify and label some of the major cities in Europe. Explain how geography influenced the rise of these cities. These cities will be included on the word bank when you study your maps.

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North Atlantic Drift

Coming off the coast of Canada, it warms northern Europe so that even the harbors of Norway remain ice -free year round

Tagus

Spain's largest river

Normandy

famous for the Allied invasion of France during World War II on June 6, 1944. East of Brittany - near France

River Thames

flows through the center of the UK

Mount Titano

located in the central Apennines; the people speak Italian; a Christian stone cutter and his followers used this mountain to escape religious persecution in the year 301 AD

Barcelona seaport

located in the northeast corner of Spain; an important seaport throughout Spain's history

Massif Central

mountainous plateaus in south-central France has poor soils that make the region useful only for grazing livestock

lochs

narrow lakes carved by glaciers; in Scotland

glens

narrow valleys carved by glaciers; in Scotland

Matterhorn

one of the major ranges in the Swiss Alps

Rhine River

one of the most important rivers in Europe and flows through or borders six countries

Catalonia

one of the three regions of Spain in which there is a second official language; the people here continue to seek independence

polders

parcels of land reclaimed from the sea

Basques

people who live in the Pyrenees Mountains and also in Spain; fiercely independent and work hard to maintain their language and culture in both countries

Alps

primary range in the Alpine Region; system is called the Alps

Cantabrian Mountains

rise from the northern and northwestern edge of the Meseta and run parallel to the Atlantic.

Athens

sits on a plain in southeastern Greece; most of the population is here; a city which sprawls over 165 square miles. ; lots of pollution; and ancient ruins

Bavarian Alps

stretch along Germany's entire southern border with Austria, not far from Munich

Appenine Mountains

stretch the length of the Italian peninsula

Madrid

the capital city of Spain

Reykjavik:

the capital of Iceland, houses half the population, geothermal energy provides heat for hot water, heated outdoor swimming pools, they use greenhouses to grow vegetables

Ben Nevis

the highest mountain in the British Isles

Galdhopiggen

the highest peak in Scandinavia, rises in the south.

Stockholm:

the largest city in Swedish Scandinavia, has 14 islands, connected by 50 bridges, has many ports on the Baltic Sea Berlin: heart of Germany, ancient and modern; founded on the Spree River

Brussels

the largest city in the country of Belgium; many international organizations are headquartered in Brussels including the Parliament of the European Union and NATO

Ruhr

the largest industrial region in Europe; down from Germany

Sogne Fjord.

the longest fjord in Norway; cuts 127 miles inland

Loire River

the longest river in France

Strait of Gibraltar

the narrowness of this strait makes Spain a land bridge between Arica and Europe

Brenner Pass

the primary mountain pass that German invaders and merchants have used to reach Italy

Central Uplands

the provinces of Southern Germany lie on hilly plateaus. are part of a wider system of plateaus that begins with the Massif Central of France and stretches through the low Jura Mountains and Ardennes eastward through Germany into the Czech Republic.

the Pennines

where Sherwood Forest from Robin Hood is located; a mountain system extending south from Scotland to the Midlands and form the backbone of England

Ardennes

within the region of Flanders (northern Belgium) are these series of rolling hills

Berlin

heart of Germany; both ancient and modern

Mount Blanc

highest mountain in the Alps

Lisbon

in Portugal; the capital and largest city; has finest natural harbor in the world

loughs

in northern Ireland; these crystal clear lakes dot the interiors

duchy

is a country ruled by a duke in Luxembourg

Po River

is the longest river in Italy; the Po flows east until it empties into the Adriatic

Macedonia

it is part of a larger historical region where Alexander the Great rose to power.

Brussels

largest city in Belgium and capital, NATO and other international organizations are seated there .

London:

largest city located on the Thames River. The Thames River runs right through the heart of the UK where it is considered an agricultural heartland

Mount Hekla

located in Iceland; an undersea volcano; thought by some to conceal the gates of hell

Althing

Icelander heritage; the oldest parliamentary assembly still in existence

Lapps

In Finland; call themselves Sami; tended reindeer for 1000's of years

Apulla

Italy is boot shaped; this is what the heel of the boot is called

Vatnajokull

Located in Iceland; it is the largest glacier in Europe

Danube River

Most people from Austria live in the area to the north of the Danube River

Wallonia

Belgium's southern district

Locate the four subregions of Western Europe and the countries in each subregion. (You will have a word bank, but need to know where to locate on the map, and to name the sub-region of each cluster of countries)

1. British Isles: Ireland, Isle of Man, many small islands, and Great Britain which is the countries of England, Ireland, and Northern Ireland, Wales, and Scotland 2. Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland 3. Continental Europe: France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, 4. Mediterranean Europe: (Iberian Peninsula: Spain, Andorra (below the Pyrenees Mountains), and Portugal), (Italian Peninsula: Italy, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City (Rome), Malta, and Greece)

Vienna

Austria's capital; the largest city in the country.

Swiss Alps

Central Alps the stretch across southern Switzerland and consist of four ranges

Seine River

Paris France is located on this river; and one of the 5 major French rivers that flow through France

Meseta

a high plateau in Spain meaning "tableland"

Peloponnesus

a large peninsula in the south of Greece

Flanders

a region in Belgium to the north which has polders and sand plains where people speak Dutch.

Copenhagen:

a strategic port - means "merchant's harbor", nearly 1/3rd of Denmark's population resides in this capital city

foehn

a warm dry wind that blows from the Alps

moors

a wasteland on a high treeless plateau, sometimes called heath because of the heather plant that is the only thing that grows on it

Sardania

an island located 100 miles off Italy and close the island of Corsican. It is beautiful and sparse populated island.

Pyrenees Mountains

are a natural boundary between France and Spain. Few passes cross these mountains

Vienna:

capital of Austria; known for its architecture and musicians, such as Wolgang Mozart, Franz Schubert, and Johan Strauss, Home of Petroleum Engineering OPEC Athens large city in Greece; pollution is strong, lots of industry Lisbon: capitol of Portugal, tyrannical government in the past, now it is tied to the European union

Helsinki:

capital of Finland, main seaport and largest city, located access to the Baltic Sea, has a shipbuilding industry

Paris

capital of France; located on the Seine River, the plains around Paris produce wheat barley and sugar beet

Oslo:

capital of Norway, largest lowland in the country and contains the best land and moderate climate

downs

chalk hills of southeast England, weak cannot support trees, but have grass for cattle and sheep

Kiel Canal

directly links the North Sea with the Baltic Sea