Period 2: The Protestant Reformation and State Rivalries
State Rivalries and Conflicts (Religious Conflicts): This was the final religious war in Europe between Catholics and Protestants, resulting in the victory of centralized ___ and ___ over Spain and their Catholic allies; this war also marked ___
Thirty Years War(1618-1648); France and Sweden; the decline of Spain as the dominant world power
State Rivalries and Conflicts (Battles Over Trade Routes): This battle resulted in Portuguese victory over Muslim forces for control of Indian Ocean
Battle of Diu-1509
State Rivalries and Conflicts (Religious Conflicts): Massive naval battle between Christian European states and Ottoman, resulting in the Christian forces win complete control of Med. Sea
Battle of Lepanto-1571
Martin Luther: Unhappy with practices of ___,___, and ___ in the Catholic Church, Luther wrote the_____ that ____
Indulgences, simony, and nepotism; 95 theses; openly spoke out against the corruption of the Catholic Church
Martin Luther: The rapid spread of Luther's ideas was due to the presence of
Johannes Gutenburg's printing press
Martin Luther: Famous Catholic monk
Martin Luther
The Protestant Reformation: Prior to the 16th century, the Catholic Church- particularly the ___ and ___- held a primary role in European life as the
Pope and Cardinals; lone authorities on Christianity and salvation
The Protestant Reformation: Known as ___, many of the ___, ___, and ___ broke from the Catholic Church
Protestantism; German, English, and Scandinavians
State Rivalries and Conflicts (Battles Over Trade Routes): This conflict resulted in Saadi victory and decline of the Songhai Empire
Saadi Dynasty(Morocco) and Songhai Conflict-16th century
State Rivalries and Conflicts (Religious Conflicts): This battle had Catholic forces holding off Ottoman, resulting in them advancing by land into Europe twice and ending Ottoman threat in Europe
Siege of Vienna-1529 and 1683
State Rivalries and Conflicts (Battles Over Trade Routes): These were involved in the fighting between ___,___,__, and ___ over Caribbean holdings
Spain, England, Netherlands, and France; Privateers and pirates in the Caribbean
Martin Luther: The problem began with the return of classical works during the Renaissance--particularly the writings of early Christians such as
St. Augustine
Martin Luther: While European states began to centralize and identify as countries, the religious unity Europe began to
disappear in the 16th century
Martin Luther: When Catholic monks began studying the old texts, they began to realize
early Christianity did not resemble the Christianity practiced by the Catholic Church in the 16th century
The Protestant Reformation: After the Catholic Church refused to debate with Luther after meeting at the Diet of Worms, Luther and his followers
protested and decided to reform the church under Luthers tutelage and ideas
Martin Luther: He also translated and spread
the Greek and Latin scriptures in German, meaning that non-clergy could read Scripture for themselves
The Protestant Reformation: While Protestants would successfully resist, Europe, especially Spain,
waged many religious wars, killing and spending millions on religious conflicts from 1517-1648