Period 3

What words in the song were MOST LIKELY meant to inspire the Union soldiers?

"As He died to make men holy, let us live to make men free."

Which of the following constitutional amendments "made the Negro a citizen" as quoted in the excerpt?

14th Amendment

Nationwide, most American women won the right to vote during the

1920s

Which of the following historical actors would have likely benefited the MOST from the trend described in the passage above?

A business owner.

Which of the following earlier politicians would have advocated Wigfall's position as the ideal, for not only the South butt the entire country?

Thomas Jefferson

The excerpt above MOST clearly foreshadows the end of the vision of America favored by

Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans.

Which of the following economic ideologies is most in line with Long's views?

Socialism

What action did Congress take to stem the tide of KKK violence in the South following the Civil War?

The Force Acts were enacted.

Which future American foreign policy would be most consistent with the Treaty of Kanagawa?

The Open Door Policy

The ideas about slavery expressed by Garrison are MOST consistent with which of the following?

The Second Great Awakening

Based on your knowledge of U.S. History and the phrase "monopolized for the benefit of the comparative few", the author

Would condemn laissez-faire capitalist economic policies.

The ideas of Andrew Carnegie from "The Gospel of Wealth" are MOST closely connected to the ideas of which Gilded Age philosopher/sociologist?

Herbert Spencer

African American leaders used which of the following as evidence for their criticism of Washington's beliefs?

His acceptance by white society, as evidenced by his many invitations to meet with political and economic leaders.

Based on your knowledge of U.S. history, which of the following authors promoted the "bootstraps" narrative of upward mobility, during the same period as the source above?

Horatio Alger

Carnegie's ideas in "The Gospel of Wealth" were MOST similar to the ideas of which American author of the Gilded Age?

Horatio Alger

Which statements BEST describes the Bishop's admiration for the Irish?

Hughes commends the Irish for their nonviolent response to the famine.

The law above impacted the nation in which of the following ways?

Likely many of the reform efforts of the government during the late 1800s, it lacked the power to be enforced.

Which statement BEST describes the purpose of President Lincoln's address?

Lincoln wanted Congress to rethink its priorities in order to win the Civil War.

National farming organizations aided farmers in which of the following ways?

Lobbied for state legislation to regulate railroad rates.

The creator of the illustration above would MOST likely have supported which of the following initiatives?

Low-interest rates for farm loans.

Which of the following set the precedent for female employment in American industry?

Lowell, Massachusetts.

Which American president was faced with a draft response most similar to what Lincoln experienced during the Civil War?

Lyndon B. Johnson

Which of the following was widely considered a negative effect of political machines during the Gilded Age?

Machines fostered graft in city politics and public contracts.

One positive aspect of political machines such as Tammany Hall was that

Machines provided some social services, jobs, and housing to immigrants.

Which federal program is MOST similar to Social Security in its approach of providing benefits?

Medicare

Riis' efforts foreshadowed the actions of which of the following groups?

Progressive reformers in the early 1900s, who exposed poor conditions in big business and society.

Which of the following groups focused their attention on addressing the physical dangers of the workplace described by Frowne?

Progressives

Which of the following BEST describes the movement that would seek reform for the conditions shown in this image?

Progressivism.

Secretary John Hay's overriding, geopolitical goal in drafting this circular letter was to

Protect American economic interests in China.

Ultimately, Long's views of redistribution

Proved ineffective even in his home state of Louisiana.

Based on the excerpt above, which of the following philosophies is William Sumner MOST likely to have believed in?

Social Darwinism, which advocated for the "survival of the fittest."

Which of the following statements would BEST be supported by this example of Black Codes?

Southern States took advantage of President Johnson's lenient Reconstruction policies to maintain their pre-war social structures.

Another historical event that reveals the conflicts expressed in the article would be

The Red Scare

Which of the following political parties supported the ideas of Sumner?

The Republican Party of the late 1800s.

Which of the following political parties had the strongest anti-Catholic or nativist plank in its platform in the late 1800s.

The Republicans

Which of the following historical developments in the first half of the 19th century BEST represents the emergence of the sentiments expressed by Susan B. Anthony above?

The Seneca Falls Convention

Considering the excerpt from "The Gospel of Wealth", to which of the following federal laws would Carnegie have been MOST opposed?

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890

Which of the following BEST captures the activities of Jabob Riis?

The book that was based on these accounts led to urban reform, such as the destruction of tenement housing.

Blacks, who participated in the Great Migration northward in 1917, can be directly credited for

The growing popularity of Jazz music across the U.S.

Which of the following can be seen as a continuation of Lincoln's beliefs about the relationship between slavery and the war after his issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation?

The ideas expressed in the Gettysburg Address.

The poster above MOST likely was published after

The implementation of the Emancipation Proclamation.

The author of the passage accused industrialization of "turning into idleness thousands" because

The increased use of machines decreased the reliance on laborers.

Which of the following planks of the Populist Party platform was realized within a decade of the release of the platform?

The independence of Cuba from Spain.

British intervention in the American Civil War was forestalled by

The issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.

Which of the following factors was MOST responsible for creating the conditions depicted in the advertisement above?

The laissez-faire attitude of the federal government during the Gilded Age.

The policies illustrated in excerpt above were MOST clearly contrary to

The laissez-faire economics of the Gilded Age.

Why was the Gadsden Purchase made?

The land was needed to complete a railroad line through what is today the Southwestern United States.

Walt Whitman would MOST likely have disagreed with which of the following ideas?

The lands west of the Louisiana territory are the rightful possessions of Mexico.

Which of the following groups attracted the wrath of the American Protective Association during this period?

The large number of Catholic immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Which of the following was the long-term result of the decision excerpted?

The legality of Jim Crow laws.

What social issue, alluded to in the paragraphs above, incited one of the most violent strikes of the late 1800s?

The lowering of wages and maintaining of high rents on lodgings.

The author of this cartoon would have been MOST supportive of which of the following amendments after the 15th?

19th

Which of the following statistics from the time period 1820 to 1860 would have been MOST useful to counter the argument made by Debow?

A breakdown of the total value of exports from the United States to Europe.

The call for self-government called for on the banner pictured above was accomplished in the United States as

A constitutional amendment prohibited any state to deny the right to vote on account of sex.

The gist of the Trent Affair involved

A diplomatic imbroglio between the U.S. and Great Britain over the seizure of Confederate Agents.

According to Henry Ford's remarks, the most important benefit which should be extended to the working man is

A fair, living wage.

During the time period of the source above, which of the following events caused the influx of new settlers to San Francisco?

A foreign policy of expansion and strong naval presence that was predicted on military mobility.

Upon reading Washington Gladden's commentary, one can infer that the most important problem facing the U.S. during the Gilded Age was

A growing disparity in wealth distribution among Americans.

What occupation most likely fit the author of the second paragraph above?

A labor union leader.

Which of the following people likely disagreed with Mahan's beliefs?

A leader of a national labor union.

What was a political effect of the fiscal spending policy Keynes advocated here?

A realignment of the Republican Party into one that resisted the welfare state.

The Election of 1876 was decided when

A special committee of fifteen men was created to determine the result.

Abolitionist literature like Garrison's "The Liberator" was generally met with which of the following responses by Northerners in the 1830s?

A strongly negative, sometimes violent response to abolitionists as being troublemakers.

The policies illustrated in excerpt above were MOST clearly reactions to

A transition from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one.

By saying that he will fight no more forever, Chief Joseph accepted what fate?

Accepted the notion of living on the reservation and ending his struggle.

Which of the following BEST captures Stephen Douglas' motivation for crafting the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Acquire the connection point for the transcontinental railroad for Chicago.

Which of the following groups was MOST responsive in trying to create long-term solutions to the conditions shown in the image above?

Adherents to the New Deal's promises of Relief, Recovery, and Reform.

Which of the following was a direct result of the actions shown in the above image?

African American Senators and Congressmen were elected for the first time.

Which 20th or 21st-century development BEST parallels the issue that the author of the cartoon is critiquing in 1870?

African Americans were selected to the Supreme Court and elected to the presidency before women.

Which of the following is the MOST effective counter-argument to Senator Calhoun's speech?

Africans are not better off as slaves.

Most of the following individuals would MOST likely agree with the decision to purchase Alaska?

Alfred Mahan

Which statement about the area highlighted in white on the map is correct?

All of the highlighted territory belonged to Mexico at some point in the past.

The sentiments expressed in the excerpt above contributed to which of the following historical developments?

America's first "Red Scare" that legitimized attacks on immigrants and radical leaders of the labor movement.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the motivation for this 1849 advertisement?

Americans on the East Coast were eager to share in the excitement of the Gold Rush.

As Frowne mentions, which of the following BEST describes why unions resisted associations with socialists and anarchists?

Anti-Union sentiment often stroked fears that efforts by American workers to unionize would lead to the labor turmoil experienced by Europe in the 19th century.

The Homestead Act provided that

Any head of household could live on, improve and farm the land and eventually own it, at little cost.

Proponents of the Social Gospel movement believed that the ills of the Gilded Age could be alleviated by

Applying Christian ethics to everyday life.

Which article of this treaty was the LEAST consistently enforced by the government of the United States?

Article 9

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the status of slavery when this novel was written?

As the U.S. expanded westward, the debate over slavery intensified.

The Brooks-Sumner Affair was a DIRECT effect of

Bleeding Kansas

What evidence can be found in this treaty that the Apache and the United States had mutual respect for each other?

Both the Apache and the United States agreed not to harm each other.

Nativist beliefs impacted the 1896 Election in which of the following ways?

Both the Republicans and Populists had connections to nativist groups or beliefs.

Which of the following represents a common criticism by Northerners of both the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision?

Both undermined and invalidated the Missouri Compromise.

The ideas in the excerpted decision were refuted in what 20th-century Supreme Court case?

Brown v. Board of Education

In the 1950's, southern states used similar interposition logic in their legal efforts to resist a desegregation order found in

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

Which of the following statements BEST describes the purpose of Senator Calhoun's speech?

Calhoun wants his audience to understand that slavery must not be abolished.

Scenes such as those shown in the image above MOST likely influenced which of the following actions or processes?

Calls for widespread overhaul of the United States financial regulatory system after the financial crisis of 2007 - 2010.

Which of the following economic/political systems is MOST clearly shown in the excerpt?

Capitalism

Which group would MOST LIKELY have benefited the MOST from the conditions depicted in the image above?

Capitalists of the late 1800s.

The Populists did NOT attempt to restrict the immigration of which of the following ethnic groups?

Chinese

What is the central idea of The Battle Hymn of the Republic?

Christian beliefs support the abolition of slavery.

What urban phenomenon developed as a result of increased immigration to Northeastern cities?

Cities experienced ghettoization as immigrants grouped together in certain parts of cities.

Which of the following loosely served as an example of "the trend of awakening public opinion" that Muir mentioned in the passage above?

City planners created parks in cities such as New York's Central Park.

To receive economic support and educational enrichment, recent European immigrants often turned to

Community centers and settlement houses.

The state of Maine crafted this personal liberty law, an act of interposition, in response to the

Compromise of 1850

In the U.S., which of the following typically play the most important roles in the official proposal and ratification of constitutional amendments?

Congress and state legislatures.

The United States government attempted to put an end to the mistreatment of its former slaves in the 19th century through which of the following actions?

Congress passed a series of laws designed to restrict the effectiveness of the Ku Klux Klan.

Which of the following political actions was a response against the passage of the Black Codes?

Congressional Republicans took control of Reconstruction.

Most white southerners reacted to Uncle Tom's Cabin with

Defensiveness and anger.

Which of the following constituted a major change in how products such as the "National Kidney and Liver Cure" could be advertised and sold in the United States in the early 1900s?

Congressional legislation increased regulation of "patent" medicines in an effort to protect the American public.

The issue over Hetch Hetchy led to an ideological conflict over the environment between which people or groups?

Conservationists and preservationists.

The data in the graph BEST reflects what trend in American history?

Consistent economic cycles of expansion and contraction before and after the Great Depression.

The underlying philosophy which prompted Henry Ford's commentary on labor was based upon his

Conviction that workers earning a fair wage would guarantee economic prosperity for the country as a whole.

Which of the following was MOST likely a significant cause of the sentiments depicted in the cartoon above?

Corporate consolidation and abuse of power during the Gilded Age.

Besides the creation of national parks, the federal government took which of the following steps to conserve western areas during the Theodore Roosevelt administration?

Created initiatives to begin irrigation projects in the Southwestern US in order to transform the dry acrid land into usable farmland.

Besides the building of this railroad, the federal government took which of the following actions to attract settlers to the west?

Created programs to give away land to settlers, if they agreed to improve it for a period of time.

Which of the following is true about the experiences of Southern and Eastern European immigrants in the U.S. during this period?

Despite all family members (including children) working, immigrant families often lived in cramped one room apartments.

The ideas expressed in the passage above MOST directly reflect which of the following continuities in American history?

Debates about economic divisions and inequalities within American society.

Which of the following was a major consequence of the sentiments expressed above?

Debates over monetary standards in the U.S. economy created political tension between urban and rural America.

These excerpts were written in response to

Debates over the status of slavery in the territories following the Mexican American War.

Which of the following reasons best explains why historians disagree in their assessment of the value of political machines in U.S. policies?

Despite being corrupt, political machines also provided necessary services to help immigrants assimilate into society.

Which of the following Populist goals were later accomplished during the Progressive Era?

Direct election of senators.

Which of the following caused a major split in the women's suffrage movement?

Disagreement over the passage of the 15th Amendment.

Which statement BEST summarizes Frederick Douglass' point of view in this speech?

Douglass is angry about speaking on Independence Day when slaves have no independence.

Which of the following individuals would likely be MOST supportive of the benefits articulated in this poster?

Dr. Francis Townsend, who sought aid for the elderly.

What Supreme Court case invalidated the arguments made by Senator Douglas?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

A historian would MOST likely use the Emancipation Proclamation as evidence to support which of the following statements?

During the first few years of the Civil War, the North struggled to win battles and had to find new ways to undermine the South's military capabilities.

Which of the following future presidents would sign a transportation bill of similar significance into law?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Which of the following groups were MOST active in raising awareness of the conditions displayed in the photo above?

Educated middle-class women.

The graph above would be MOST useful to historians analyzing the

Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal Program.

The patterns described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments?

Efforts to reverse gains for African-Americans that came as a result of the Civil War.

Lincoln believes which of the following is the central "bulwark" of American freedom?

Elections

Social Security represents the general characteristics of the New Deal in that it

Expanded the scope of the federal government.

The ideas expressed in the image above MOST directly led to political controversies over

Extension of democratic ideals.

This political cartoon depicts

FDR's dissatisfaction with the programs Congress has passed.

Which of the following groups would MOST likely have supported the sentiments expressed in the passage above at the close of the 19th century?

Farmers of the Great Plains.

Which of the following offered views MOST similar to Long's views?

Father Coughlin, who felt that the government was more supportive of the banking industry.

The excerpt from the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 is most clearly an example of which of the following developments of the mid-to-late 19th century?

Federal funding of industrial development.

Despite the gains shown in the passage above, all of the following undermined the enfranchisement of African Americans in the South during Reconstruction EXECEPT

Female suffragists

Which of the following would be MOST likely to support Susan B. Anthony's organizing tactics and political affiliations?

Frederick Douglass

Which of the following would have been MOST supportive of Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Frederick Douglass

Which historical figure would have most likely supported this treaty?

George Armstrong Custer

How would the loss of Mexican territory to the United States influence twentieth century U.S. foreign policy?

Germany tried to convince Mexico to declare war against the United States during World War One.

Which historical development eventually changed the public's opinion of the Alaska purchase?

Gold was discovered in Alaska in the 1890s.

A continuation of the policies alluded to in the cartoon would BEST be exemplified by

Government efforts to break up monopolistic giants such as the Atlantic Telephone and Telegraph company (AT&T) or Standard Oil.

Which of the following territorial acquisitions is most similar to the annexation of Texas?

Hawaii

What was controversial about this speech delivered by Washington?

He called for a gradual approach to African American civil rights, calling for accommodation and self-improvement.

Which of the following statements BEST explains the purpose of Douglass' speech?

He wished to remind the audience that freedom and independence were not enjoyed by everyone in America.

Settlement houses served what role for immigrants as discussed above?

Helped immigrants assimilate by learning English and acquiring job skills.

Which of the following BEST explains why the platform above states that the rights of the people of Kansas were "taken"?

Hundreds of Kansans were killed in the struggle over slavery in that territory.

Following the deaths of thousands of African-American in the decades after this illustration, which Progressive reformer attempted to draw attention to the use of lynching to intimidate African-Americans in the South?

Ida B. Wells

Why did Lincoln write "in giving freedom to the slave, we assure freedom to the free?"

If the United States is a nation founded on the ideal of freedom, then everyone deserves it.

The above excerpt expresses which of the following positions on slavery?

Immediate emancipation of slaves.

Which of the following is the MOST direct cause of the high percentage of child laborers at the turn of the 20th century?

Immigrant families lacked the ability to pay rent based solely upon the salary of adults.

Which of the following BEST explains the motivation behind the inclusion of immigration restriction in the platform?

Immigrants were willing to work for lower wages.

Which of the following groups endured the living conditions described in the passage above?

Immigrants who lived in dumbbell tenements (apartments) in cities such as New York.

Which of the following BEST supports the idea that the cartoonist was a Northerner?

In the cartoonist's opinion, the conditions are "worse than slavery."

Though called for in the Omaha Platform, what led to the passage of a graduated income tax in the 1910s?

Income taxes replaced high tariffs as the government's income, possibly increasing foreign trade.

Which of the following BEST explains the changes in the Sixth Mount Zion Church between 1867 and 1925, depicted in the postcard?

Increased educational and economic opportunities for African-Americans.

The relevant historical context of this article was the

Increasing immigration of groups like the Irish to America.

Which of the following groups of laborers found themselves in a position similar to that of the Chinese during the Gold Rush?

Indigenous workers in Spain's 16th century American colonies.

When Black Codes were outlawed by the federal government, which of the following actions did white Southerners immediately take to try to maintain pre-war political and social conditions in the South?

Instigating violence, often through groups like the KKK.

What two groups played a key role in the building of this railroad?

Irish and Chinese immigrants.

Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address was different than his first in that the Second Address

Is so revered that it was placed on the Lincoln Memorial.

Which of the following effects of Uncle Tom's Cabin was MOST significant in the 1850s?

It brought more northerners to the abolition movement, causing them to be unwilling to compromise with the continued expansion of slavery.

Which president is Abraham Lincoln criticizing in the above section?

James K. Polk

How did Japan benefit from the Treaty of Kanagawa?

Japan acquired modern technology from the United States.

Which of the following figures would MOST likely have disagreed with the assertion that wealth is less important than character in the measure of a man?

Jay Gould

Which of the following historical figures would MOST likely defend the statements made by Calhoun?

Jefferson Davis

The sentiments expressed in the excerpts above MOST LIKELY inspired which of the following events?

John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry.

The event commonly known as Bleeding Kansas involved all of the following EXCEPT

John Brown's assault on Harper's Ferry.

Which of the following would have most likely supported the viewpoint of this excerpt?

John C. Calhoun

According to the document, what offense was President Andrew Johnson to be charged with?

Johnson had fired the Secretary of War without permission of the U.S. Senate.

Which statement BEST explains the motivation for the impeachment of President Johnson?

Johnson was a Southern Democrat that the Republicans in Congress did not trust.

What is the significance of the reference to Kansas in the song's lyrics?

Kansas was the site of bloody conflict over slavery.

What political party is this newspaper article criticizing?

Know-Nothing Party

Which of the following political parties represents the escalation of the anti-immigrant sentiments described in the excerpt?

Know-Nothing Party

Which of the following was the first U.S. conflict to permit integrated military units?

Korean War

Which event was a catalyst to the ideas expressed in the passage above?

Lack of congressional action to enforce Reconstruction amendments to the constitution by "appropriate legislation" mandated in each amendment.

Which of the following factors was MOST responsible for creating the conditions depicted in the cartoon above?

Laissez-faire economic principles that dominated the economic policy of the Gilded Age.

Which faction of the country would have been LEAST likely to support the Homestead Act?

Land speculators

A historian would infer that which of the following historical developments had the most DIRECT effect on the prominence and popularity of Mount Zion Church over time?

Laws promoting segregation.

Which of the following happened to the Republican Party as a result of issues raised by the assassination?

Members of the party who wanted reform split off in 1884 and votes in the first Democrat since the Civil War.

Throughout this text, Sumner most directly refers to which of the following events?

Mexican-American War

Which of the following was the primary cause for the U.S. government violating the terms of this treaty?

Miners discovered gold in the sacred lands of the Sioux.

The song reflects the general trends of antebellum reform movements in which of the following ways?

Most antebellum reform movements were motivated by religious ideals.

It was virtually impossible for Lincoln to win the majority of the votes in the slave states because

Most of the Southern states refused to place Lincoln's name on the ballot.

Which of the following groups were MOST able to affect social change in their criticism of the written claims made in the above advertisement?

Muckrakers of early 20th century.

Which of the following New Deal Programs was deemed unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.

National Recovery Administration

The tone of this "Harpers Weekly" editorial is designed to engender among Americans strong feelings of

Nationalism

Which of the following BEST reflects John Muir's beliefs?

Natural lands should be preserved without human interference.

Which of the following statements about America during the Gilded Age is BEST supported by the map shown above?

New forms of transportation contributed to an increasing number of urban centers.

The sentiments expressed in the passage above MOST directly reflect which of the following continuities in United States history?

Non-compliance with unpopular and unenforceable laws.

Which of the following groups would feel the MOST political pressure from speeches like those above?

Northern Congressmen at the Federal Level.

This incident foreshadowed which of the following future events?

Northerners and Southerners would only be able to settle their differences through a bloody, violent war.

What does Seward mean when he states "they found slavery existing here?"

Other European powers, like the Spanish, were utilizing slave labor before the English began settlement.

Improvements in farming technology, such as the tractor pictured above, often led to

Overproduction, creating surpluses and low crop prices.

Which of the following historical developments MOST directly precipitated the conditions leading to the action shown in the image above?

Overspeculation in the booming stock market by American financial institutions during the 1920s.

The Sioux took which of the following actions after the U.S. government violated this treaty, precipitating an armed conflict between the two groups?

Participated in a revival ceremony called the ghost dance which united the tribes against the United States government.

Southern states used decisions of the Supreme Court, such as the one above, to justify their use of which of the following?

Passage of segregation laws which limited the rights of African-Americans.

The government took which of the following measures to stem the tide of immigration in the late 1800s?

Passed nativist legislation to keep undesirable groups out.

Which of the following BEST captures the sentiments of the majority of Americans following the Battle of Little Big Horn?

People became outraged at the death of United States soldiers and called for increased military presence.

The pattern described by Blackmon is most consistent with which of the following later developments?

Plessy v. Ferguson

The point of view expressed in the image above most clearly warns against the perceived dangers of

Political influence of trusts and pools during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Through this cartoon, Thomas Nast intended to convey that

Political machines controlled voting, and thus controlled elections.

The services provided by the city alderman in the account above were MOST likely a product of which of the following historical developments?

Political machines exchanged services and financial support to immigrants in exchange for votes.

Which of the following was the primary cause of homesteader failure during the Gilded Age?

Poor soil quality to farm.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act declared which of the following would determine if a state became slave or free?

Popular Sovereignty

Which group below would be the MOST supportive of the sentiments expressed in the passage above in the 1890s?

Populists

Which statement regarding the public response to this law is MOST accurate?

Potential draftees responded violently to the law.

The LeCompton Constitution further agitated sectional conflict because

President Buchanan's certification of the fraudulent vote enraged northerners.

Which phrase BEST describes the economic policy Keynes advocates above?

Priming the pump

The sentiments expressed in the advertisement above are MOST consistent with America's medical standards

Prior to the Progressive Movement.

Which group was MOST opposed to the bill shown above?

Private water companies which had a monopoly on water distribution.

Which of the following MOST likely caused farming to languish as railroad profits soared in the late 1800s?

Railroads engaged in practices such as giving rebates to businesses while overcharging farmers.

During what era would this illustration most likely have been created?

Reconstruction

This economic position of the New Deal could be assimilated into a social policy view that advocated:

Redistributive fiscal policies that aimed to cure social ills.

Which 1860 political party would agree most strongly with Douglass' argument?

Republican

What political party did Fremont represent in the Election of 1856?

Republican Party

This legislation compares with earlier legislation of the New Deal in which of the following ways?

Second New Deal legislation tended to focus on reform as opposed to relief, which was the emphasis of the First Hundred Days.

Why did the arguments made by Senator Douglas increase the chances of war between the North and South.

Senator Douglas threatened to divide the Democratic Party along sectional lines.

The Supreme Court eventually established which of the following legal principles, beginning with the decision above?

Separate but equal doctrine concerning segregation.

Which legal doctrine was formulated in the excerpted case?

Separate but equal.

Why would Jane Addams have MOST likely expressed concern over the issues raised in this account?

Settlement houses such as Hull House provided services to immigrants without corruption.

The trends described by Douglas Blackmon MOST directly illustrate which of the following major historical developments in the South after the Civil War?

Sharecropping system

Susan B. Anthony began to use which of the following radical tactics to fight for women's suffrage?

She attempted to vote, resulting in her arrest.

Which of the following provides another example of Congress' weakness in regulating big business during this period?

Sherman Anti-trust Act

Which of the following BEST explains why the South remained loyal to the Democratic Party until the 20th century?

Southerners resented the Republican Party for abolishing slavery and winning the Civil War.

Which of the following ultimately curtailed the number of child laborers in the United States?

States passed compulsory school laws.

Henry Ford's observations concerning labor in this selection lend credence to his reputation as a

Strong supporter of corporate welfare policies in the workplace.

In the context of this excerpt, "blessings of liberty" refers to

Suffrage

Which of the following trends in American politics MOST supported the construction of the railroads shown on this map?

Support for subsidies to major corporations.

Which of the following groups would be LEAST likely to support granting more power to FDR?

Supreme Court

Which of the following women, during the debate over the Fifteenth Amendment, would have supported the point of view of this cartoon?

Susan B. Anthony

Which of the following 20th-century developments regarding African-Americans BEST parallels the quote above?

Television coverage of police brutality directed against Civil Rights protestors of the 1960s.

Which of the following is the likely audience of this letter?

Texan revolutionaries stationed outside of the Alamo.

What is the "crisis" referred to in this advertisement?

Texas had recently declared its independence from Mexico.

Why was Texas offering free land to the settlers?

Texas was trying to recruit forces for its war against Mexico.

Which of the following is the CENTRAL argument of the above legislation?

That slavery would be prohibited in the land gained in the Mexican War?

Which later development best exemplifies Douglass' point about the Constitution?

The 13th Amendment

Which of the following was a cause of the failure of the Dawes Severalty Act?

The 160 acres promised to Native Americans lacked value and was sometimes stolen by land speculators.

Which of the following developments in the first half of the 20th century BEST represented the continuation of the ideas expressed in the Populist Party platform?

The 17th Amendment to the US Constitution

The idea proposed in the fifth "General Proposition" is MOST similar to ideas expressed in which of the following periods in US history?

The 1930's

Which political party would MOST agree with the cartoonist's point of view?

The American Party

Late 19th-century critics of the ideology expressed in the quote above would most likely argue that

The American businessman of the Gilded Age had won the struggle for existence and had little responsibility to those less fit in society.

Which of the following groups would have most strongly opposed General Sherman's point of view in the excerpt?

The Apache Indians

The concept of self-determination noted in Hay's letter is repeated in which of the following U.S. foreign policy statements?

The Atlantic Charter

The transportation network described in the excerpt is a key result of which of the following developments in the late 19th century?

The Bessemer process

Which of the following documents justifies the author's claim that Chinese workers were treated badly in America?

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Which of the following programs was intended to have the desired economic effect due to "emergency expenditures?"

The Civil Works Administration

Which of the following BEST marks a turning point in the U.S. government's policies toward Native Americans?

The Dawes Act of 1887

In which of the following presidential elections did the issue of corruption play the largest role in influencing the election's outcome?

The Election of Grover Cleveland in 1884.

What controversial policy is Lincoln most likely defending in this document?

The Emancipation Proclamation

Which of the following movement's degree of success was similar to Abolitionism in the 1830s?

The Feminist movement in the 1950s.

"Life, liberty, or property" is a reference to which section of the United States Constitution?

The Fifth Amendment

The cartoon was MOST likely drawn in response to

The First New Deal

Which of the following eras was MOST regularly characterized by this debate over the nature of success and the accumulation of wealth?

The Gilded Age

Which of the following events contributed to the Populist desire to abolish the "Pinkerton system"?

The Homestead Strike

Which of the following BEST describes the artist's opinion of Irish immigrants?

The Irish were violent animals.

What legislation is Senator Douglas attempting to defend in this excerpt?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

The philosophical underpinnings of this personal liberty statute can be found in

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

What time period below in American history saw improvements in farming technology most similar to those pictures above?

The Market Revolution

Which law passed by the United States Congress is MOST consistent with Seward's point of view?

The Northwest Ordinance

Which of the following was MOST similar to the Wilmot Proviso?

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Besides the Homestead Act, which of the following was a part of the Republican Party economic program enacted during the Civil War?

The Pacific Railway Act

What federal law was created to remedy the problems that are referred to in the excerpt?

The Pendleton Act

The attitude expressed in this editorial is MOST similar to future U.S. policies in

The Philippines

Which of the following was the MOST direct cause of McKinley's defeat of Bryan in the Election of 1896?

The Populists lacked appeal in the heavily populated northeast, mainly featuring western support.

Which of the following BEST describes the outcome of this platform proposed by the Populists?

The Populists lost the election, but another reform movement successfully enacted the changes.

Which of the following documents is Anthony referencing when she uses phrases like "we the people" and "the blessings of liberty?"

The Preamble to the United States Constitution.

Which of the following led to the assassination of President Garfield?

The President refused to grant an office seeker a government job.

Which of the following legislations would David Wilmot also have likely supported?

The Spot Resolution of Abraham Lincoln and other Whigs.

Which of the following strengthened the racially discriminatory policies of the 19th century?

The Supreme Court issued the "separate but equal" doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson.

What caused the creation of this law?

The Supreme Court overturned state laws regulating railroads.

Why did it take ten years for Texas to be admitted as a state?

The U.S. was divided on the expansion of slavery into the West.

Which of the following is a basic premise asserted in Lincoln's First Inaugural Address?

The Union could not be dismantled.

What is the "furious storm" that is predicted in this song?

The United States Civil War.

Based on the passage above, which of the following actions by the federal government corresponded with Mahan's statements?

The United States annexed Hawaii for the purposes of building a naval base and trade.

In the final outcome of Native American conflicts in the Great Plains,

The United States forced Native Americans onto reservations.

Which of the following U.S. conflicts was a result of similar ideas as the ones expressed in the above passage?

The United States war with Spain in the 1890s.

Populists found the MOST support in which of the following regions?

The West

One of the results of the anti-slavery advocates' fears of the extension of "Slave Power" was

The Wilmot Proviso

The decision above limited which of the following amendments of the U.S. Constitution?

The amendment defining citizenship rights in the U.S.

A historian would MOST likely argue that the illustration is entitled "Southern Chivalry" for which of the following reasons?

The artist is angry that the congressman reacted so violently to a non-violent argument.

The problems with the patronage system were clearly shown through what later tragic event?

The assassination of President James Garfield.

Which of the following BEST captures the artist's opinion of this incident, which occurred in the United States Senate?

The attack on Senator Charles Sumner was unwarranted.

Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for the founding of the Sixth Mount Zion Church in Richmond, VA in 1867?

The banning of slavery by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

Which of the following conclusions about slavery BEST captures the perspectives of the speakers above?

The concept of slavery contradicts the ideals on which the United States was founded.

Which action prior to the U.S. Civil War aligns most closely with Senator Seward's views on slavery?

The creation of the Republican Party.

Which of the following reform efforts began as a result of the assassination of the President?

The creation of the civil service system to end the spoils system.

Which of the following MOST likely stood in the way of attempts to achieve the broader goals supported by the Bryan campaign of 1896?

The declining political power of rural America at the end of the 19th century.

Which of the following did NOT deepen the divide between North and South in the 1850s?

The election of Franklin Pierce.

The elephant is celebrating

The election of Rutherford B. Hayes as president.

Which of the following historical developments most directly precipitated the conditions leading to the argument in the passage above?

The emergence of large corporate domination of the American economy in the late 19th century.

Which of the following was an effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

The emergence of the Republican Party.

Which of the following issues MOST relied on the awareness of social reformers?

The exposure of unsanitary conditions in the food and meatpacking industry, which relied on an exposé that shocked America.

Which statement BEST summarizes Bishop Hughes' point of view?

The famine occurred because too much food was exported out of Ireland.

Which of the following occurred as a result of farmer discontent towards railroads and other big businesses?

The federal government created an agency to regulate railroads.

Which of the following governmental policies aligned MOST closely with Sumner's beliefs?

The federal government's policy that advocated non-interference in the economy and allowed the development of monopolies.

Which of the following developments would be MOST consistent with the beliefs expressed in the excerpt?

The formation of a civil service system.

The rapid growth of California's population most directly led to conflict over

The future of slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico.

The passage above was MOST likely a response to

The general domination of large corporations in the U.S. economy.

In the source above, which of the following BEST describes the legal argument for banning slavery in the territories?

The government made slavery illegal in all National Territory and must extend this rule to all territories.

Which of the following statements BEST explains why the U.S. government gave land to the railroad companies?

The government wanted to ensure the efficient completion of a transcontinental railroad.

For many abolitionists the Ostend Manifesto was an example of a Slave Power Conspiracy of 'Slaveocracy'. Which of the following events would have been MOST consistent with this fear?

The majority decision in Dred Scot v. Sanford.

Based on your knowledge of this period, which of the following made passage of the 15th amendment possible?

The majority-held Republican Congress.

Which of the following arguments BEST supports the sudden drop in unemployment after 1940?

The mass mobilization of American society to supply men and material for the Second World War

Which of the following MOST LIKELY inspired the writing of Uncle Tom's Cabin?

The new fugitive slave law.

The construction of the transcontinental railroad impacted the nation in which of the following ways?

The number of settlers in the west increased.

Which of the following U.S. laws created the conditions for this treaty?

The passage of a law which gave 160 acres of land to United States citizens settling in the Great Plains.

Which of the following BEST describes the likely intent of the author?

The passage seeks to characterize the Mexican-American War as part of a plot by pro-slavery advocates to extend slavery into new regions.

The cartoonist is critical of President Johnson because

The purchase of Alaska from Russia was considered to be a waste of money.

Which of the following Civil War events would have been most useful in defending Wigfall's point of view over that of Debow?

The results of battles such as Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville early in the war.

Which of the following was a major consequence of the activity shown in the excerpt above?

The rise of sophisticated organized crime networks within the United States.

Which of the following historical developments BEST explains the difference between these two maps?

The sharecropping system presented the former slaves with the opportunity for greater economic independence.

Douglass compared America to Babylon because

The sin of slavery would doom the United States.

How did this speech affect the career of Abraham Lincoln?

The speech led to the end of Lincoln's Congressional career.

Which of the following explains why Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 with only 40% of the vote?

The states he won were densely populated, giving him the majority of the electoral vote.

Which of the following technological innovations MOST contributed to the situation depicted in the cartoon?

The steel plow

The excerpt above BEST represents continuity with what other social reform movement?

The temperance reform movement during the Age of Jackson.

Which of the following developments made it possible to travel from New York to California in a few days by the end of the 19th century?

The transcontinental railroad

In "The Gospel of Wealth", Andrew Carnegie's argument most clearly supports which of the following ideologies?

The wealthy have a moral obligation to spend surplus wealth as a trust fund for the public good.

The excerpt above likely served as a response to

The widening gap between rich and poor at the close of the 19th century.

The controversy surrounding the Election of 1876 involved

The winner receiving fewer popular votes than the loser.

Which of the following was the PRIMARY reason Republicans were supportive of western settlement with measures such as the Homestead Act?

Their 1860 Election platform was free-soil.

Which American president would later negotiate a peace treaty between Japan and Russia?

Theodore Roosevelt.

Which statement below accurately describes the political landscape of America in 1860?

There was a breakdown of national politics into sectional rivalries over the issue of slavery.

Washington held what belief on how African Americans should improve their economic position?

They should improve their vocational skills and prove their economic value to society.

Farmers' generally desired the unlimited coinage of silver because

They wanted inflated prices that would make it easier to pay off their debts.

Blackmon's arguments challenge the notion that which of the following effectively resolved the problem of slavery?

Thirteenth Amendment

Which of the following describes the most direct consequence of the conditions in the second map?

Thousands of African-Americans would move to northern cities.

How did the famine in Ireland affect the United States?

Thousands of Irish immigrated to the United States.

Which of the following occurred as a direct consequence of this announcement?

Thousands of white soldiers deserted the Union army.

Western states MOST likely gave women the right to vote for which of the following reasons?

To attract settlers due to a severe shortage of women settlers.

The quote above by Vanderbilt emphasized what principle that governed big businesses in the late 1800s?

To maximize profits.

What was the primary purpose of this treaty?

To open up economic relations between the United States and Japan.

Based on the speech above, which of the following philosophies does Booker T. Washington advocate?

To reject immigrant workers and focus on a pool of labor that is more reliable and familiar.

Which of the following statements best describes the consequence of this letter?

Travis and his men were wiped out by the Mexican Army.

Blacks who moved into northern cities during the Great Migration

Typically took the lowest paying jobs available.

Besides direct military action, which of the following exerted the MOST pressure on many Native Americans to abandon their ancestral lands?

U.S. settlers hunted the buffalo herds to the point of extinction.

Which of the following presidents confronted the scandalous consequences of the Pacific Railway Act?

Ulysses S. Grant

Giving slaves the "same opportunities of attending worship" best served the interest of the slave owners because preachers

Used Biblical passages to emphasize that slaves should be obedient to their masters.

The United States government implemented the law described in this document by

Using a lottery system to randomly select draftees into the Union Army.

Which of the following groups or movements would call for active and organized resistance rather than a passive approach to combat the practices exposed in the excerpt above?

W.E.B. DuBois' Niagara Movement

Of the following Gilded Age personalities, who would have strongly endorsed Reverend Washington Gladden's sentiments?

Walter Rauschenbusch

Which of the following was crucial to the successful implementation of Long's proposed policy?

Wealth had to be redistributed by "soaking the rich."

The writings of George Fitzhugh

Were a response to abolitionist portrayals of slavery.

The children pictured above MOST likely

Were from immigrant families.

The success of the Open Door Policy was built on the premise that foreign countries with a stake in China

Were unwilling to risk war against competitors for what was still yet to be realized, economic gain.

How does the second map illustrate the problems faced by African-American farmers in the South after the Civil War?

While African-Americans were free from slavery, they remained dependent on the white landowners.

Which of the following arguments would undermine the author's argument?

While the income gap increased during the Gilded Age, the incomes of all Americans, laborers included, increased steadily overall during that time.

Which of the following BEST summarizes the attitude of this cartoon on U.S. policies toward Native Americans?

White interests would continually undermine the government's attempts to negotiate peace with the Native Americans.

The availability of jobs open to black Americans in northern cities like Chicago was due primarily to the fact that

White male workers were being drafted, trained, and sent off to fight in World War I.

Which of the following BEST captures the meaning of the phrase, "The Union as It Was?"

Whites in the South wished to return to their antebellum status.

Which of the following statements MOST accurately summarizes Whitman's editorial?

Whitman believed that only the United States could expand freedom throughout North America.

Who was the second president to be impeached?

William J. Clinton

The creator of this cartoon, Thomas Nast, is most famous for bringing down the politician named

William M. Tweed

Which of the following historical developments was foreshadowed by this cartoon?

William McKinley defeating William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential election.

The Populist party requested the unlimited coinage of silver in their platform for what purpose?

With more currency in circulation, the price of farm products would rise giving more money to farmers.

Which statement BEST summarizes Susan B. Anthony's argument?

Women are people living in the United States and therefore are entitled to vote.

Which of the following earlier events would have been MOST useful for the author in defending his/her point of view?

Women were important members of the abolitionist movement in the Antebellum Era.

The sentiments of the image above are MOST clearly a continuation of what event or processes below?

Women's involvement in the reform movements inspired by the Second Great Awakening.

Aside from what Frowne describes, which of the following is the MOST significant reason workers during the Gilded Age resisted joining unions?

Workers feared reprisals, such as firings, for joining unions.

American conflict was sparked by an issue most similar to the immediate cause of the Mexican-American War?

World War Two