Period 8 Review
Which of the following factors most directly contributed to the economic trend that Patterson describes? A A surge in the national birthrate B The expansion of voting rights for African Americans C Challenges to conformity raised by intellectuals and artists D The gradual emergence of détente with the Soviet Union
A
The events described in the excerpt contributed most directly to the A desegregation of the armed services B ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution C passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 D Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
C
An important way in which the situation described in the excerpt was significant was that it A highlighted a view of communism as an authoritarian threat B celebrated the Allies' victory over the Axis powers in the Second World War C suggested concerns about communist subversion in the United States D encouraged direct military confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union
A
In which of the following ways did public attitudes toward the Civil Rights movement change as a result of sentiments such as those expressed in the excerpt? A White approval declined as a result of the perception that aggressive policies like those of the Black Panthers resulted in urban unrest. B Liberal feminists adopted the tactics of the Black Panthers in order to increase the influence of their movement. C Young people increasingly rejected the platform of the Black Panthers in favor of nonviolent tactics. D The federal government responded by enacting social welfare programs favored by the Black Panthers.
A
Malcolm X's statement suggests that he strongly agreed with A radical leftist movements B conservation movements C the youth counterculture D the sexual revolution
A
Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X shared the view that A the movement for Black advancement in the United States was part of a global process of social change B it was desirable to work for the desegregation of public facilities C violence was a necessary part of the movement for Black social and political advancement D using the courts to challenge the constitutionality of barriers to Black advancement was not a useful strategy
A
Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s was most directly inspired by which of the following? A The tactics and goals of the African American Civil Rights movement B The emergence of evangelical Christian political activism C The arguments made by conservatives about the role of the federal government D The public reaction against antiwar protesters
A
The Kerner Commission would most likely have attributed the "disorders" mentioned in the excerpt to A high levels of unemployment among African Americans B the failure to pass civil rights legislation C the influence of a delinquent subculture D urban police forces' failure to reduce the high crime rates
A
The advertisement best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s? A The increase in homogeneity in postwar society B The efforts by civil rights activists to oppose segregation C The rejection by some artists and intellectuals of mass culture D The spread of fear of communist infiltration of the federal government
A
The image most directly illustrates a United States foreign policy that emphasized A stopping the spread of communism in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East B containing communism in Eastern Europe C placing greater importance on human rights D supporting the Non-Aligned Movement among Middle Eastern and Asian countries
A
What did SDS have most in common with the youth counterculture of the 1960s? A A rejection of many of the values of their parents' generation B A commitment to reforming society through direct political action C A desire to remove themselves from mainstream society and experiment with drugs D A determination to establish gender equality throughout the United States
A
Which of the following best explains a limitation of the incentives expressed in the advertisement? A Many new suburban housing developments of the 1950s practiced racial segregation. B Many middle-class families could not afford to buy homes in new suburban developments in the 1950s. C Many new suburban housing developments of the 1950s restricted access by age. D Many middle-class families preferred to live in cities in the 1950s.
A
Which of the following developments best explains the passage of the excerpted law? A Presidents deepened United States military engagement in Vietnam without a declaration of war. B Congress objected to the measures used by presidents to enforce the desegregation of schools. C Counterculture leaders argued for expansion of presidential powers to uncover communist infiltrators. D African American leaders criticized the violence inflicted on peaceful civil rights protesters in the South.
A
Which of the following examples best supports the Kerner Commission's argument that two separate societies were emerging in the United States? A The movement of many families to the suburbs B The emergence of a youth culture C The arrival of new immigrants from around the world D The existence of racial segregation in the military
A
Which of the following statements about the emergence of rock and roll music as a part of 1950's popular culture in the United States is true? A It relied heavily on Black musical traditions. B It adopted many of the big band tunes of the 1940's. C It was a spin-off from British popular music of the time. D It was the first popular music broadcast nationally on radio. E It had little appeal in the South and West.
A
Whyte's concern in the excerpt for "the pressures of the group, the frustrations of individual creativity" best provides evidence for which of the following developments in the 1950s? A The emphasis on conformity in suburban communities B The expansion of higher education opportunities for war veterans C The creation of international alliances to oppose Soviet expansion D The investigations of supposed communists in the federal government
A
Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech helped mark the beginning of which of the following developments? A The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union B United States efforts to counteract Soviet influence by sending troops into Eastern Europe C United States campaigns to support democratic movements in Latin America D Soviet Union efforts to extend its influence into the countries of Western Europe
A
At the time the excerpts were written, Martin Luther King, Jr., disagreed with Malcolm X in that King believed that A confrontation would be an effective means of achieving change B the most desirable outcome of Civil Rights activism would be equal rights and racial integration C Civil Rights activism has its roots in earlier historical patterns D moderation and conciliation would hamper African Americans from gaining civil rights
B
Carson's argument in the excerpt most strongly influenced the A rise of a counterculture among young people B passage of new laws to reduce pollution C establishment of the National Park System D growing number of farmers in the United States
B
Many of the federal policies and initiatives passed in the 1960s address which of the following about the economic trend described in the excerpt? A Affluence had effectively eliminated racial discrimination. B Pockets of poverty persisted despite overall affluence. C A rising standard of living encouraged unionization of industrial workers. D Private industry boomed in spite of a declining rate of federal spending.
B
The excerpt could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following? A The expansion of suburbs B The decline of the Red Scare C The emergence of the Soviet Union D The development of a counterculture movement
B
The excerpts best support which of the following arguments about postwar United States foreign policy? A Some Americans called for the United States to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union. B Fear of Soviet expansion led to greater United States international involvement. C The United States sought to recolonize countries that had gained independence. D Many Americans opposed the creation of new alliances in Europe.
B
The ideas expressed in the advertisement overlook which of the following contexts that allowed for the expansion of new suburban housing developments in the 1950s? A The sharp increase in birth rates after the war B The reliance on new roads and highways C The growth of income for middle-class families D The appeal of modern amenities to consumers
B
The image most closely reflects which of the following developments in the political climate in the United States? A Declining public support for fighting communism in developing countries B A growing public debate over the merits and rationale for the Vietnam War C A growing public realization that the United States was unlikely to achieve a clear victory in the Vietnam War D A renewed public commitment to the containment of communism
B
The political climate during McCarthy's era had the most in common with which of the following? A The efforts to limit immigrants' political and economic power in the 1840s and 1850s B The attacks on radicals and immigrants following the First World War C The isolationism in United States foreign policy during the 1930s D The decline in public confidence and trust in government in the 1970s
B
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt are best explained in connection to which of the following broader developments during the period? A Rising influence of evangelical Christian political organizations B A widening political and cultural gap between young people and earlier generations C Growing support for suburbanization and for having large, nuclear families D Increasing calls for the United States to take a more aggressive stance against immigration
B
The situation depicted in the cartoon came into existence as a result of the pursuit of which of the following policy goals? A Decolonization in Asia B Containment of communism C Détente with China and the Soviet Union D Nuclear supremacy
B
What conclusions about school segregation in 1954 can be drawn from the map above? A Only the states that made up the old Confederacy still practiced segregation in public schools. B School segregation was a national problem, not one confined to a single region. C Every state in the Union had local laws outlining positions on school segregation. D States with the smallest populations generally supported school segregation. E Northern states were free of segregation of any kind by 1954.
B
Which of the following United States actions most directly resulted from the goals expressed in the excerpt? A Passage of new immigration laws B Intervention in the conflict in Korea C Application of federal power to try to end poverty D Investigations to find communist subversives in government jobs
B
Which of the following best describes an interpretation of the overall trend in the graph of United States crude oil consumption between 1950 and 1980 ? A The United States domestic production of crude oil increased in this period. B The United States became more dependent on imports of crude oil in this period. C United States usage of crude oil became more efficient in this period. D The United States had a consistently increasing supply of crude oil imports in this period.
B
Which of the following developments contributed most directly to the conditions described in the excerpt? A The erosion of soil on the Great Plains B The growth of suburban housing on previously undeveloped land C The increase in government regulation of natural resources D The growth of higher education
B
Which of the following political debates in the twentieth century best explains the goal of the act to "fulfill the intent of the framers of the Constitution"? A The debate over restricting civil liberties in wartime B The debate over the expansion of executive authority C The debate over the extension of individual rights to new groups D The debate over the role of the federal government in the economy
B
Which of the following post-1945 developments contributed most strongly to the discomfort that members of SDS felt? A The efforts of Congress to adopt legislation to deal with domestic social problems B The disillusionment with United States domestic values and Cold War events C The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision on school desegregation D The support for collective security through international organizations
B
Which of the following was a reason for the patterns depicted on the map? A States and counties in the Deep South responded more favorably to the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling than did those in the Upper South and Texas. B Many counties and states actively resisted implementing the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. C Economic difference among states and counties created unintentional racial segregation in schools. D The Civil Rights movement focused more on desegregating public transportation than desegregating schools.
B
Whyte's discussion about the "issue of individualism" best serves as evidence for the responses to which of following situations in the 1950s? A The protests of civil rights activists against segregation B The rejection of mass culture by some artists and intellectuals C The refusal of some military draftees to serve in the Vietnam War D The opposition of a new conservative movement to postwar liberalism
B
A key significance of Churchill's purpose in the excerpt was that it helped prompt the United States to A promise financial aid to veterans returning from the Second World War, promoting economic growth B eliminate many earlier barriers to immigration, allowing postwar refugees to enter the country C provide financial support to democratic nations in Western Europe to help restore a market economy D restrict the power of labor unions in the United States to help protect the country from communist influence
C
According to the graph above, the largest decrease in the percent of Americans living below the poverty line accompanied which of the following federal policy initiatives? A The New Deal B The Fair Deal C The Great Society D Supply-side economics E Welfare to Work
C
Accounts of North Vietnamese torpedo-boat attacks on United States destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin during the summer of 1964 were used to justify which of the following United States actions in Vietnam? A Delivery of a formal diplomatic protest to Hanoi B Discontinuation of American naval involvement C Escalation of the American war effort D Withdrawal of all American military advisers E Introduction of the Vietnamization program
C
In response to the situation depicted in the map, most civil rights leaders in the 1960s did which of the following? A Focused their direct activism in the North and the Upper South B Abandoned legal strategies because they had been ineffective in desegregating schools C Urged stronger federal action to compel states to enforce civil rights protections D Adopted a militant platform centered on separatism and Black Power
C
One significant result of the economic trend described in the excerpt was the A rise of the sexual revolution in the United States B decrease in the number of immigrants seeking entry to the United States C rise of the Sun Belt as a political and economic force D decrease in the number of women in the workforce
C
Rhetoric in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following policies? A Preventing members of the Communist Party from running for office B Supporting regimes in Korea and Vietnam against communist influence C Rejecting tactics used to expose alleged communists in the government D Establishing the diplomatic strategy of détente with communist nations
C
The 1950s picture above shows what some social critics believed to be A the cause of decreased agricultural production B tangible evidence of the strength of the nation's largest cities C a representation of the conformity of postwar culture D the end of social and economic differentiation in housing E a sign that Americans were becoming more tolerant of cultural differences
C
The events that led to the Kerner Commission report most directly contributed to A the emergence of protests against the Vietnam War B women's demands for equal rights C conservative calls for a new emphasis on law and order D the decline of union membership in manufacturing industries
C
The historical development described in the excerpt can best be explained by which of the following related developments? A The decrease in the number of people going to colleges and universities B The creation of a movement to stop federal desegregation efforts C The persistence of economic and racial disparity in the United States D The reduced concern about the threat of Soviet influence in the United States
C
The opinions expressed in the excerpt are most similar to those of the American Indian Movement in that both groups A believed that the United States should not be involved in foreign wars or other entanglements B asserted that state and local governments should have more power than the United States government C argued that the United States had a responsibility to provide compensation for past injustices D claimed that the United States had a responsibility to enact laws to limit environmental pollution
C
The policies expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to debates in the United States about the A response to decolonization B role of the president in setting foreign policy C best means to combat communism D mass mobilization of civilian resources
C
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following divisions within the Civil Rights movement? A Optimism among White people in the United States that racial discrimination was being eliminated B Growing support among young activists in the Civil Rights movement for nonviolent protest C Frustrations among Civil Rights activists that social and political change was not occurring fast enough D Tensions within the federal government over the best way to combat communist influence in Civil Rights movements
C
The situation depicted in the map had the most in common with which of the following earlier processes? A Patterns of residential segregation in the antebellum South B Sectional conflict between the North and the South during the mid-nineteenth century C Federal attempts to guarantee rights for formerly enslaved people during Reconstruction D African American migration patterns during and after the First World War
C
Which of the following best describes a difference between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts? A Eisenhower believed that the United States should invade communist countries, while Kennedy believed that the United States should establish peaceful relations with communist countries. B Eisenhower claimed that communism posed no threat to the United States, while Kennedy claimed that communism was a danger to the United States. C Kennedy called for an increase in spending on national defense, while Eisenhower cautioned against the effect of defense spending on democratic government. D Kennedy asserted that overseas allies were dispensable in the fight against communism, while Eisenhower warned that overseas allies were necessary to oppose communist aggression.
C
Which of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States between 1970 and 1980 as depicted in the graph? A Crude oil imports declined to over 3 billion barrels in 1980. B Crude oil imports rose steadily to half a billion barrels in 1980. C Crude oil imports rose rapidly and then declined to about 2 billion barrels in 1980. D Crude oil imports declined rapidly to zero before recovering to 2.5 billion barrels in 1980.
C
Which of the following statements is correct about the rise of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy to national prominence? A He was the first Republican to emphasize the dangers of communism at home and abroad. B His careful investigations led to the conviction of hundreds of active subversives to whom the Truman administration had turned a blind eye. C He effectively played on the fears of Americans that communists had infiltrated the State Department and other federal agencies. D He used the televised Army-McCarthy hearings to his advantage. E He received strong support from president Eisenhower.
C
Which of the following statements would best describe the point being made in the cartoon above about Richard Nixon's administration? A In order for integration policies to work, Nixon needed to pick up the support of the silent majority. B The Nixon administration was arguing that integration was no longer a relevant policy. C Nixon was reversing progress toward integration made in the 1960s. D Nixon needed to attract more Black votes in order to move forward in civil rights. E Nixon supported busing as a means to integration.
C
Which of the following was a key difference between the Korean War and the Vietnam War? A The chances of a direct military clash between the United States and the Soviet Union was greater in the Vietnam War. B United States leaders could more easily argue that communist aggression led to the Vietnam War. C Public opposition was more significant for the Vietnam War than for the Korean War. D The press was more adversarial toward United States policy during the Korean War.
C
In noting that he had "yet to engage in a direct-action campaign that was 'well timed,'" Martin Luther King, Jr., was most likely arguing against A African American activists who asserted that King's tactics were taking too long to produce results B Civil Rights activists who believed that more thought should be given to the precise timing of boycotts, demonstrations, and direct actions C environmental activists who believed that the struggle for more effective conservation measures should take precedence over the Civil Rights movement D White Americans who argued that African Americans should be more patient and that civil rights should not be brought about by civil disobedience tactics
D
McCarthy's accusations in the excerpt best reflect which of the following? A Support for seeking new Cold War allies among nonaligned nations B Resistance to efforts to achieve racial desegregation C Ideological concerns over United States involvement in the Middle East D Anxieties about Soviet influence at home and abroad
D
SDS best exemplifies which of the following? A The success of the Civil Rights movement in achieving greater racial integration B The development of new concerns about environmental pollution and the overuse of natural resources C The increased influence of conservatives who opposed expansive social welfare policies and higher taxes D The emergence of radical groups claiming that liberals were doing too little to address racial and economic inequality
D
Senator Joseph McCarthy's actions, as described in the excerpt, were most likely interpreted at the time as a reaction to which of the following historical situations? A Challenges to New Deal economic policies B Creation of the interstate highway system C Expansion of the size of the military D Perceptions of expanding foreign influence
D
The cartoon was primarily a response to the A increasing popularity of isolationism among United States policy makers B ongoing controversy over the appropriate use of executive branch authority in conducting foreign policy C expanding opposition to the Korean War D growing debate over the Vietnam War
D
The decision guaranteeing the rights of Mexican Americans to serve on juries most directly resulted from which of the following historical processes during this period? A The utilization of strikes to demand increased compensation B The effort to identify suspected communists in the federal government C The expansion of social welfare programs by the federal government D The use of court challenges to obtain legal reforms
D
The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments during the 1960s? A New demands for economic rights by Latino Americans B Efforts to combat racism in the labor movement C Increased conflict over the role of women in society D Growing pressure to eliminate racial inequalities in society
D
The fact that a former British prime minister expressed the ideas in the excerpt to an audience in the United States helped promote which of the following? A United States support for British efforts to retain its colonial empire B A greater United States willingness to share nuclear weapons with Britain C A decision by the United States to withdraw troops from Japan in order to better protect Europe D The participation of both Britain and the United States in an international collective security system
D
The ideas in the advertisement most likely had limited appeal for which of the following groups? A Marketers and salespeople B Married homemakers and parents C Managers and professionals employed by corporations D Rebellious young people uncomfortable with conformity
D
The increased culture of consumerism during the 1950s was most similar to developments in which of the following earlier periods? A The 1840s B The 1860s C The 1910s D The 1920s
D
The quotation above is from A Booker T. Washington B Marcus Garvey C Langston Hughes D Martin Luther King, Jr. E Stokely Carmichael
D
Which of the following best describes the historic situation in the 1960s that prompted the emergence of social and political reform movements such as the Black Panther Party? A The United States sought to limit the influence of communism at home and abroad. B The United States allied with other nations to combat fascism and militarism in Europe and East Asia. C The United States attempted to reinvigorate its economy following economic crises brought on by the Great Depression. D The United States became increasingly divided as conflicts within and between liberal and conservative movements intensified.
D
Which of the following best explains the reason for the deployment of United States troops overseas at the time when this act was passed? A The concern over German aggression in Europe B The desire to gain political control over new colonial territories C The attempts to overthrow Soviet domination in Eastern Europe D The fear of the expansion of communism to foreign nations
D
Which of the following describes the trend in crude oil imports to the United States from 1950 to 1970 as depicted in the graph? A Crude oil imports rapidly increased to 2 billion in 1960 and then remained steady. B Crude oil imports declined rapidly until 1960 before returning to their previous level. C Crude oil imports grew to a peak just before 1970 and then rapidly declined. D Crude oil imports rose gradually until reaching half a billion barrels in 1970.
D
Which of the following developments is the most direct effect of the situation portrayed in the image? A Increased public opposition to the use of nuclear weapons B Expanded use of military force to achieve foreign policy goals in Eastern Europe C Reduced congressional oversight of United States military interventions D Reduced public trust in the federal government and the president
D
Which of the following later movements held ideas closest to those expressed by Garvey in the excerpt? A A. Philip Randolph's organizing of Black railroad workers into the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters B Thurgood Marshall and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's legal efforts to desegregate schools in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka C Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, efforts to win equal rights for African Americans through nonviolent civil disobedience D Malcolm X's Black nationalism emphasizing racial pride and economic self-sufficiency
D
Which of the following was a long-term reaction to the actions of the youth addressed in the excerpt? A The establishment of organizations to address environmental concerns B The expansion of United States military involvement in Southeast Asia C The rejection of nonviolent tactics by the majority of civil rights groups D The emergence of a conservative backlash against perceived cultural decline
D
Which of the following was a similarity between Eisenhower's and Kennedy's arguments in the excerpts? A Both claimed that defense policy could threaten liberty at home. B Both declared that the United States had lost international influence. C Both called for an increase in spending on military weapons and supplies. D Both asserted that communism was a threat to the United States national security.
D
The announced purpose of the Marshall Plan was to A stabilize world currencies B promote advanced technology for use in the military defense of Western Europe C reduce the dependence of the European economy on overseas empires D maintain the United States position as the world's leading creditor nation E aid the economic recovery of the war-torn Europe
E
The central point of the 1960s cartoon above was that A the public was more interested in foreign policy than in domestic reforms B the President was more interested in domestic programs than in foreign policy C protesters were successfully challenging the goals of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society D opposition to the Vietnam War improved Lyndon B. Johnson's hopes for reelection E the cost of the Vietnam War limited the President's ability to carry out domestic programs
E
The excerpt most directly reflects the United States efforts to A build an international security system B maintain an isolationist position C acquire new territories D gain access to Eastern European markets
A
The tactics described in the excerpt best represent which of the following? A Filing legal challenges B Using nonviolence C Learning self-defense D Petitioning government officials
B
Which of the following explains the context for United States economic development between 1950 and the early 1970s? A Credit and stock markets became unstable because of overspeculation. B Low unemployment encouraged American optimism about economic growth. C A powerful conservative movement halted federal economic intervention in the economy. D Companies imported valuable commodities acquired from new overseas colonial territories.
B
Which of the following most directly contributed to the emergence of Mexican American activism in the 1950s and 1960s? A Decreased demand for agricultural labor in the Southwest B Changing immigration policies and patterns C Passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 D Enactment of Great Society social programs
B
