PH1 Quizzes
teratogen, birth defects
A ___________________ may cause ______________________.
true
A substance use disorder is conceptualized as being a disease in the brain.
absence of social support
According to the Alameda Study, ________________ has been related to an increase in coronary heart disease, complications in pregnancy and delivery, suicide, and other unhealthy outcomes.
Reduce, reuse, recycle
After the historical event of the garbage barge in 1987, rapid awareness of waste and environmental health resulted. The three R's became more widely known and practiced. The three R's stand for:
athletic skill
All of the following are health problems associated with Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC) exposure, except for one. Which one?
American citizens
All of the following have a legal right to medical care in the United States except for __________.
De facto and Interpersonal
At a family BBQ, Polly said she doesn't approve of her daughter Patricia dating Kareem, because Patricia is white and Kareem is Black. This is an example of what kind(s) of discrimination?
Intrapersonal
At which level of the Ecological Model is the following quote focused upon? "I started to put on weight by the time I was seven. There was no obesity in the family and I played out of doors getting plenty of exercise. I was encouraged not to overeat, though surrounded by energetic brothers I liked to compete with them in everything, including meal sizes. I weighed nine stone [126 pounds] when I was nine and was quite proud to be the heaviest girl in the class, but ashamed when I was 13 stone [182 pounds] at 13. I've had weight/eating problems ever since. " (https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19743173)
Interpersonal
At which level of the Ecological Model is the following quote focused upon? "Several studies have emphasized the significance of including both adults diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and their family members to improve diabetes outcomes. 20-22 Lifestyle modification programs including family support and tailored to Hispanic culture demonstrated improvement in patients' self-efficacy, perceived support, knowledge, and self-care." (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6380685/)
community
At which level of the Ecological Model is the following quote focused upon? From the website of Los Angeles County Parks & Recreation: "Parks are a perfect place to exercise and stay fit. Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the immune system and helps prevent diseases such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Health care providers often call exercise the "miracle" or "wonder" drug because of the wide variety of proven benefits that it provides. Get started in your exercise program today at your local park." (https://parks.lacounty.gov/health/?row=1#exerciseFitnessColumn)
public policy
At which level of the Ecological Model is the following quote focused upon? From the website of the National Conference of State Legislatures: "The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, among many prevention and public health provisions, provides for federal rules on nutrition labeling of standard menu items at chain restaurants with 20 or more locations doing business under the same name (Sec. 4205). This includes disclosing calories on menu boards and in written form, available on request, additional information about total calories and calories from fat, amounts of fat and saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total and complex carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fiber, and protein. These menu labeling requirements enacted as part of federal health reform will preempt state and local menu labeling requirements." (https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/trans-fat-and-menu-labeling-legislation.aspx)
Every 10 years
Because of budgetary constraints, how often can the FDA inspect food-processing facilities under its jurisdiction
teratogens
Birth defects may be caused by a variety of environmental agents, called _________________, which include some bacteria and viruses, various drugs including alcohol, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and radiation.
the diagnostic discipline of public health
Charles-Edward Amory Winslow called epidemiology, "____________________________".
the incidence of death
Death rates, or mortality rates, are often used as a measure of frequency for diseases that are usually fatal. Another term for death rates or mortality rates is:
well water rain water
Federal regulations do not cover ______________.
incidence, endemic
For more than a decade, about 40,000 people have tested positive for HIV in the United States every year. This the annual incidence of a/an epidemic illness.
natural gas
Fracking includes drilling deep into the earth's surface to extract ______________. Choose one best answer.
Concerns that it contained improperly disposed hospital waste, and it's sheer size would require a lot of space
From the Video entitled, "The Garbage Barge That Helped Fuel a Movement", the massive garbage pile was denied by multiple communities, and eventually returned to the community that created it, and ultimately burned in an incinerator. What were the biggest concerns of communities that would not take-on the responsibility of this garbage?
Early foundational development imparts future risk or resilience later in life
From the lecture on perspectives, how does the metaphor of building a house explain the impact of the timing of risk and resilience factors on health? (please pick the one BEST answer)
This may result in a spike in incidence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
From the lecture, you learned that patterns of alcohol use within the US have changed since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The amount of alcohol consumption has increased by 40% in the US among women of child-bearing age (who already drank alcohol pre-pandemic). What is one reason this statistic may warn us of a future major public health problem? Please select the reason discussed heavily in lecture.
Risk and resilience factors interact in an dynamic way to impact health outcomes.
From the lectures, the seesaw metaphor for risk/resilience would suggest that:
Developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)
From the lectures, which perspective describes how risk or resilience factors during fetal development may have significant consequences on that individual's short- and long-term physical and mental health?
lifespan
From the lectures, which perspective suggests that we can more deeply understand a health outcome when we try to study how it changes across life stages, interacts with other factors, and how it can be viewed across multiple subdivisions of knowledge?
change the social environment to influence healthy behavior
From the public health perspective, it is more effective to ___________________.
minority stress
Genetics does not predispose a person to _________________________.
managed care organizations
In the United States, healthcare providers (hospitals, physicians, long-term care institutions) are regulated by all of the following except __________. You Answered
Action Maintenance
In this comic book panel, Tony Stark, better known as Ironman, is depicted speaking at a meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous. This could represent which two stages of the transtheoretical model? Select both that apply.
decreasing, continue to exist.
Infant mortality rates have been _______ since the early 1900s. In Current day, racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality _______.
Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act states that the emergency department must stabilize her if she is this ill she does not have private insurance that pays for regular dialysis the End-Stage Renal Disease Act only covers United States citizens
Lucia waits until she is close to death to undergo kidney dialysis because __________. Choose all that apply.
Some vaccines are not 100% effective. Some people have experienced serious side effects from vaccines. Long-term effects of some vaccines need to be studied more
Many people have concerns about vaccines, but many of those concerns are rumors or not based on rigorously collected data. Of the following, which are valid concerns, according to copious evidence and organizations like the Institute of Medicine or the CDC?
Either can precede the other, and sometimes they can co-occur and impact each other
Mental health and substance use disorders often co-occur. Which comes first?
atypical, distressful, dysfunctional, and can be dangerous at times.
Mental health problems include behaviors, thoughts, and inner experiences that are what?
B & E
Of the conditions and disorders that the United States recommends all children be screened for, the two with the highest annual incidence are: Phenylketonuria (PKU) Hearing loss Sickle cell anemia Cystic fibrosis Primary congenital hypothyroidism
B & C
Of the reasons below, select the BEST two that explain why non-immunized school-age children in the United States are often protected from diseases such as diphtheria, measles, polio, and smallpox. Because they are still protected by maternal antibodies. Because the vast majority of the other children have received mandated vaccines. Because some of these diseases have been eradicated. Because such diseases exist only in underdeveloped countries. Because they are not part of the group targeted by these infectious microbes.
creating equity in healthcare driving down the cost of healthcare
Rep. Katie Porter's two goals for fixing healthcare in the United States are __________. Choose all that apply.
economic and social status
Stress due to the adverse physical and social conditions associated with lower___________________ may act directly by affecting physiological processes and indirectly by influencing behavior.
motivation & reinforcement
Substance use can activate brain circuitry via many neurotransmitters, with the most central one being dopamine. The brain circuitry that is most affected by substances is often referred to as the 'reward system'. However, in your Week 6 lectures, you learned that the 'reward circuitry' is better characterized as the brain circuitry underlying _____________ & _______________, as this is what the circuitry evolved to do in the absence of substance use.
criteria air pollutants
The Clean Air Act and its amendments require monitoring and regulation of six common air pollutants called ______________.
antibiotics
The discovery of which of the following allowed medicine to gain the power to work miracles of healing, leading to a period of rapidly growing influence?
agricultural run-off
The leading cause of water pollution in the United States is ______________.
likely norovirus
The most common food-borne illness is _______________.
Children's Health Insurance Program
The percentage of children who are uninsured has declined to less than 10 percent because of __________.
nitrogen oxide
This picture likely depicts a city that likely suffers from all of the criteria air pollutants, but which is the one most visible here?
goat yoga
Today, if you are seeking mental health treatment in the United States, you will find several EVIDENCE-BASED options for treatment. Which of these treatments listed below is not an evidence-based treatment for mental health? (choose one)
preferred provider organization
When people are insured with a __________, they must seek care from a specific collection of doctors who have agreed to offer their services at lower rates.
X axis, Y axis
When plotting data, it is standard practice to list one variable on the ____________ and the other on the ____________ of the graph: (select the best answer)
These are unregulated
Which agency oversees regulation of most industrial chemicals and homeopathy that is ingested via skin or orally?
United States Department of Agriculture
Which agency oversees regulation of thanksgiving turkeys, sheep, and pigs?
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
Which direct assistance program(s) provide resources to families with children on nutrition, infant feeding, and/or health education?
Most Republicans now support adding a public option.
Which is false about the attempts to repeal the Affordable Care Act?
means of transmission
Which link in the chain of infection is the intervention described below meant to break? "Quarantine is used to keep someone who might have been exposed to COVID-19 away from others. Quarantine helps prevent spread of disease that can occur before a person knows they are sick or if they are infected with the virus without feeling symptoms. You have been in close contact with someone who has or is suspected to have COVID-19 so it is important for you to stay home, separate yourself from others, and monitor your health." http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ acd/docs/COVHomeQuarantine.pdf
susceptible host
Which link in the chain of infection is the intervention described below meant to break? Having moderate-to-severe asthma may increase your risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Actions you take should include: Follow your Asthma Action Plan. Continue your current medicines, including any inhalers with steroids in them. Make sure that you have at least a 30-day supply of your medicines. Avoid your asthma triggers. (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html)
DDT's popularity grew because of its widespread use against mosquito-born illnesses during World War II. Rachel Carson did not want a complete ban on pesticides.
Which of the following are true? Choose all that apply.
Anything that amplifies or reduces human-to-human contact will, in turn, amplify or reduce viral infection rates.
Which of the following did Dr. Noymer discuss with regard to human factors that can amplify or reduce viral infection rates?
The presence of pharmaceuticals and hormones in the water. Changing weather patterns bringing rain to new places and taking it away from others Political conflicts over fresh water sources.
Which of the following is an increasing concern about access to fresh water? Choose all that apply.
Carbon monoxide
Which of the following is especially harmful to patients with cardiovascular disease, who are more likely to suffer heart attacks when exposed to higher concentrations of the pollutant?
eligibility for Medicare
Which of the following is not at all determined by where you live?
Heterosexual sexual relations
Which of the following is the most common route of transmission of the HIV virus in developing countries?
The problems are large, interlaced, and intersectional. There is rarely enough time or money to select the best solution Not everyone making the decisions agrees on the values that should guide the process. The public expects results very quickly
Which of the following makes public sector problem solving particularly difficult?
DDT Chlorine Mercury plastics
Which of the following substances can have public health benefits but also have the capability to harm public health?
a high income social support education health insurance
Which of the following work to buffer the impact of daily stresses?
Methane
Which of the following, released by microbial activity in the intestines of cattle and in paddy fields where rice is grown, also contributes to the greenhouse effect?
Civil rights movement
Which was not a factor in the early spread of HIV in the 1960s and 1970s?
Oregon
Which was the first state to allow doctors to assist terminally ill patients commit suicide?
Our internal endocrine system
You can be exposed to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals via all of the following sources EXCEPT which one?
Acute, chronic
___________ illnesses generally develop suddenly and last a short time, often only a few days or weeks. _______________ conditions develop slowly and may worsen over an extended period of time—months to years.
Relapse, substance use
______________ is the return to ______________ after an attempt to stop, indicating the need for more or different treatment.
