Pharm- CH3 PrepU
Mrs. Hone asks the nurse to open her Effexor XR capsule and mix the contents in applesauce to make it easier to swallow. How should the nurse respond? "I am sorry, but opening the capsule may cause you to absorb too much medication too quickly." "Not a problem; I will mix the medication for you." "The health care provider gave you this form of your medication because it is easier to take by mouth." "Effexor XR may only be mixed with food with a provider's order."
"I am sorry, but opening the capsule may cause you to absorb too much medication too quickly." Explanation: Because controlled-release tablets and capsules contain high amounts of drug intended to be absorbed slowly and act over a prolonged period of time, they should never be broken, opened, crushed, or chewed. Such an action allows the full dose to be absorbed immediately and constitutes an overdose, with potential organ damage or death.
A client recently discovered that she is pregnant. She currently takes herbal medications to control her diabetes and the symptoms related to pregnancy. She asks the nurse if it is safe to take herbal medications while she is pregnant. What would the nurse tell this client? "Most herbal and dietary supplements are safe during pregnancy and are used by many cultures to control the symptoms of nausea." "Herbal and dietary supplements will cause premature labor." "Most herbal and dietary supplements should be avoided during pregnancy or lactation." "Dietary supplements are high in fat and protein; they are safe to take during pregnancy and help to maintain health during lactation."
"Most herbal and dietary supplements should be avoided during pregnancy or lactation." Explanation: Most herbal and dietary supplements should be avoided during pregnancy or lactation.
The nurse is providing care for a client who has been prescribed a diuretic to treat hypertension. The client states that the effects of the drug are problematic, causing the client to wake up numerous times during the night to urinate. What assessment question should the nurse prioritize? "Have you increased your fluid intake since starting the drug?" "When are you taking your medication?" "What is the dosage of your medication?" "Are you taking any herbal medicines?"
"When are you taking your medication?" explanation: The client's statement suggests that the drug's peak effect is occurring during sleep, which would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is taking the medication before bedtime. The nurse would need to confirm that this is true before questioning the client further about the dosage, fluid intake or other issues. Asking about herbal medicines is appropriate with any drug therapy but is not the priority in this situation.
Order: Enoxaparin 30 mg subcutaneously Available: Lovenox 60 mg/ 0.6 mL How many mL will the nurse administer?
0.3 explanation: FORMULA: 0.6mL:60mg::XmL:30mg 0.6mL X 30mg 60 mg XmL 18 60 0.3 mL
A client is going to have bowel surgery in the morning. The physician orders 500 mL of GoLYTELY PO to be administered at 17:00. How many liters should the nurse administer? Round to one decimal place.
0.5 Explanation: (1L/1,000)=(X/500mL) Cross-multiply to learn 500 mL = ½ or 0.5 L.
A client has orders to receive 3,000 mL of IV fluid at a rate of 150 mL/hr. If the infusion starts at 0800, when would it be finished? 2000 2300 0400 0100
0400 explanation: amount of fluid available = # of hours of infusion rate of infusion
A nurse is to administer 175 mg of a medication intramuscularly. The label on the multidose vial states that the concentration is 100 mg/mL. What volume of the drug should the nurse administer? (Record your answer using two decimal places.)
1.75 example: To determine the amount to give, the nurse would set up the following ratio and proportion: 100 mg/1 mL = 175 mg/X mL. Cross multiplying and solving for X: 100X = 175; X = 1.75 mL.
For which of the following patients would a nasogastric tube most likely be considered to aid in the administration of medications? A 49-year-old woman who is experiencing frequent nausea and vomiting during her current round of chemotherapy A 78-year-old man who is unable to swallow following an ischemic stroke An 81-year-old woman who wishes to stop taking her cardiac medications A 60-year-old man who has just had a hemicolectomy (bowel resection) for the treatment of colon cancer
A 78-year-old man who is unable to swallow following an ischemic stroke explanation: The use of an NG tube for medication administration requires a functioning GI tract. An NG tube would not be used if a patient is vomiting frequently or has had recent bowel surgery. Similarly, an NG tube would not be used in the case of a competent adult who wishes to discontinue his or her medications.
The health care provider orders NPH U100 insulin 16 units SC every AM for a client. The nurse prepares the insulin dose. To ensure safety, what does the nurse do? Ask another nurse to double-check the measurement. Encourage the client to administer the insulin. Provide information about the need for insulin. Bring the vial to the bedside.
Ask another nurse to double-check the measurement. Explanation: Measure doses accurately. Ask a colleague to double-check measurements of insulin and heparin, unusual doses (i.e., large or small), and any drugs to be given intravenously.
The client has a daily antihypertensive medication prescribed. Taking the blood pressure prior to administration of the medication is which step of the nursing process? Diagnosing Planning Assessing Implementing
Assessing
The nurse visiting with the client states to the client and family, "The finger stick blood sugar just taken is within normal range." This statement would be found in what phase of the nursing process? Intervention Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Evaluation
Assessment Explanation: This is an example of an assessment finding. Blood sugars within normal ranges right after a fingerstick is objective data. Assessment involves data collection. Evaluation is part of the nursing process looking at multiple data history and findings. A nursing diagnosis is formed once a problem has been identified.
Place the steps of the nursing process in the proper sequence from first to last. Use all options. Implementation Assessment Analysis Planning Evaluation
Assessment Analysis Planning Implementation Evaluation Explanation: The nursing process consists of five major steps in this order: assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The steps overlap and are continuous and dynamic.
The nurse is preparing to administer medications via a client's gastrostomy tube. The health care provider has ordered an extended-release medication. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? Call the health care provider and ask for an order for a different formulation of the medication. Crush the capsule and flush the medication with at least 60 mL of water. The nurse should open the capsule and empty the powder into 30 mL of water. Do not administer the medication because it may clog the gastrostomy tube.
Call the health care provider and ask for an order for a different formulation of the medication.
The nurse understands that an admission assessment is completed to accomplish what goal? Develop a nurse-client relationship. Establish outcomes. Collect data. Initiate the plan.
Collect data. example: During the assessment, data collection occurs. The nurse must first develop a relationship with the client. Assessment is essential for outcome and plan development.
Which activity would the nurse expect to complete during the evaluation phase of the nursing process in drug therapy? Compare the outcome expected with the actual client outcome. Ask questions to prepare an effective client education program. Establish a baseline for the client's treatment and care. Reconsider core drug knowledge and core client variables.
Compare the outcome expected with the actual client outcome. Explanation: In the evaluation phase, a nurse would compare the expected outcome goals of the treatment with the client's progress, thereby judging the effectiveness of nursing management. Questions are generally asked initially at the onset of drug therapy and compiled. These questions serve as a basis for preparing the client's education program. During the assessment phase of core client variables, the nurse physically examines the client and establishes all baselines. The evaluation phase is not the right time to reconsider core client variables and core drug knowledge because such critical information is essentially compiled in the assessment phase.
A home care nurse is to administer one aspirin a day to the client. The client has the over-the-counter medication in two forms. The first is available in the form of 325-mg scored tablets. The second is a Lo-dose aspirin of 81mg aspirin. What would the nurse's action be? Consult a registered nurse on staff. Consult the health care provider. Consult the pharmacist the client uses. Consult a family member in the home.
Consult the health care provider. Explanation: If a nurse receives orders to administer medications of any kind and there is a possibility of confusion, the nurse should always contact the healthcare provider for clarification. Since this is an over the counter medication, the pharmacist may not have provided the aspirin. The registered nurse on staff may not be familiar with the client or the situation. Asking a family member is not a definite reliable source when it comes to medication, the safest procedure would be to consult the healthcare provider before administering the drug to the client.
The nurse is required to administer 4 mL of an intramuscular (IM) injection to the client. Which action would be most appropriate? Ask the health care provider to change the prescription. Divide the drug and give it as two separate injections. Give the entire volume in one injection site. Use a larger-gauge, longer needle.
Divide the drug and give it as two separate injections. Explanation: If an injection is more than 3 mL, the nurse should divide the drug and give it as two separate injections. Volumes larger than 3 mL will not be absorbed properly. There is no need to get the prescription changed. Using a larger-gauge, longer needle would not be appropriate. The issue is with the amount to be given. Volume of over 3 mL in one injection site can cause abscess.
A nurse has administered narcotics to a client. Which intervention should the nurse perform immediately after administering the drug? Document administration of the drug. Monitor the vital signs of the client. Inform the client about the type of drug. Update the health care provider regarding the client's condition.
Document administration of the drug explanation: After administration of any drug, the nurse should immediately document the administration. After the documentation is complete, the nurse can record the client's vital signs. The client needs to be informed about the drug before the administration. The health care provider need not be immediately informed, unless the client develops severe adverse reactions.
"Evaluation" of the client's response to drug therapy relates most closely to which phase of the nursing process? Goal Problem Plan Cause
Goal
Which medication prescription by the health care provider will require the nurse to seek clarification? Warfarin 5 mg. PO every evening at 6 PM. Heparin 5,000 u SC every day Meperidine 25 mg. IM every 4-6 hours PRN Furosemide 20 mg. IV every 8 hours.
Heparin 5,000 u SC every day Explanation: The abbreviation "u" should not be used alone because it can be mistaken for a zero, a 4 or "cc". The word "unit" should be written out to avoid confusion. All of the other prescriptions are written correctly.
The nursing student learns that the apothecary system was at one time used for weight but was recently eliminated for which reasons? It was used for only large doses. It was used only for volume and thus was limited. It was too hard to memorize. It produced a high rate of errors.
It produced a high rate of errors. Explanation: The apothecary system at one time was used for weight measurement not volume. In the weight measure often grains were used, such as grains of medication which is not an exact science since some grains are larger than others as well as more dense. In 1994, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices recommended to eliminate this system because of the high rate of errors it produced. This decision had nothing to do with the ease of memorization. The apothecary system was used for all doses and not just large ones.
Which of the following should the nurse compare when determining the right drug to administer to the client? Select all that apply. Medication record Nursing notes Container label MAR Medication
Medication Container label Medication record MAR Explanation: The nurse compares medication, container label, and medication record as the item is removed from the cart compared to the MAR and before the actual administration of the drug.
A nurse is beginning to apply the nursing process during a new client interaction. What activity should the nurse perform? Educate the client about basic medication safety. Confirm or rule out nursing diagnoses. Identify potential client problems related to drug therapy. Obtain a medication history.
Obtain a medication history explanation: History and physical examination are completed during assessment, the first step of the nursing process. Problem identification is completed during the nursing diagnosis step, the second step of the nursing process. Education is a form of intervention. Confirming or ruling out nursing diagnoses would be part of the diagnosis stage.
Which of the following is part of the concept known as the five + 1 rights of drug administration? Select all that apply. Right drug Right patient Right documentation Right prescriber Right route
Right documentation Right patient Right route Right drug explanation: The five + 1 rights of drug administration include the following: right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation.
A client has begun taking an antidepressant that causes the client to be drowsy. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize related to drug therapy? Impaired physical mobility Risk for imbalanced fluid volume Impaired memory Risk for injury
Risk for injury explanation: Drowsiness and fatigue can interfere with the client's ability to function, placing the client at risk for injury. Ability to function may be affected by the drowsiness and fatigue but safety would be the priority. Mobility may be affected by the client's issues, but safety would be the priority. Drowsiness is unlikely to affect the client's memory.
A nurse is required to administer subcutaneous injections to a patient regularly. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform in order to minimize tissue damage? Select the needle length based on the patient's weight. Rotate the injection site regularly. Ensure that there is no hair on the injection site. Insert the needle at the appropriate angle.
Rotate the injection site regularly. Explanation: The nurse should rotate the injection sites to minimize the damage caused to the tissue. Inserting the needle at proper angle and selecting the needle length based on the patient's weight will not significantly help in minimizing tissue damage if the same site is repeatedly injected. It is not necessary to avoid injection sites that have hair as long as the drug is administered in the upper arms, the upper abdomen, and the upper back.
When providing drug therapy to a client, what is a responsibility of the nurse? Encourage the client to increase or decrease dosages. Teach the client how to cope with the effects of the drug to ensure the best outcome. Help the client analyze the physiological and pathological effects of drugs. Warn the client how most clients respond to the drug therapy.
Teach the client how to cope with the effects of the drug to ensure the best outcome.
Which of the following is not a client right regarding his or her prescribed medication? The right to refuse a court ordered medication The right to know the possible side effects of a medication The right to know the name and action of a medication The right to request the generic form of medications
The right to refuse a court ordered medication explanation: Clients have the right to know the name, action, and possible side effects of medications administered to them. They also have the right to refuse to take medications, unless a court order gives healthcare workers the right to administer medications without the client's consent. (If clients are endangering themselves or others, medications may be given against their will.) Clients also have the right to request the generic form of prescribed medications, if available. Generic forms of medications are often less expensive than their brand name counterparts.
When a nurse reviews the package labeling, which of the following names will the nurse see on the drug label? Pharmacological name Nonproprietary name Trade name Generic name Scientific name
Trade name Generic name Explanation: The nurse will find two names on the drug label, the trade (brand) name and the generic (official) name.
In the metric system, what is the unit of weight? gram liter meter pound
gram
Which drugs would a nurse identify as being most often associated with errors? Select all that apply. promethazine potassium chloride furosemide insulin heparin
insulin heparin
A client will have bowel surgery in the morning. The health care provider orders 500 mL of GoLytly PO starting at 5 PM this evening. What would this amount be in liters? 1 ¼ ½ ¾
½ Explanation: 1 liter : X1000 mL 500 mL
The client requests an oral pain medication. The nurse notes that the client is NPO in preparation for laboratory tests. What is the nurse's best response to this client? "I will contact your health care provider and ask for an order for a different method of drug administration." "You will have to wait for this medication until you eat and drink again." "You are not allowed to have any medication by mouth right now. I will give you this medication in an injection." "I will check with your health care provider and see if it will be all right for you to take a pain pill."
"I will contact your health care provider and ask for an order for a different method of drug administration." explanation: The nurse must have a health care provider's order to change the method of administration of a medication. It would not be appropriate to ask the client to wait for administration of a pain medication.
The nurse is teaching a client about the drug therapy regimen before being discharged. The nurse is emphasizing safety in the home setting. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching? "I will make sure to store the medications in the bathroom medicine chest." "The drugs that the health care provider prescribed are used to control my blood pressure." "I need to take the medicines like the health care provider said, before each meal and at bedtime." "I'll keep a written record of all medicines, prescription or otherwise, that I take."
"I will make sure to store the medications in the bathroom medicine chest."
An adult client with renal cancer, weighing 95 kg, is to receive vincristine 25 mcg/kg/day IV. What is the dosage of vincristine that the nurse should administer to the client daily in mg? Round to the third decimal place.
2.375 explanation: This order requires 25 mcg of medication for every 1 kg of body weight. The client weighs 95 kg. To determine total dosage, multiply weight times mcg of medication: 25 × 95 = 2,375 mcg. Convert mcg to mg by moving the decimal three places to the left, or you can divide 2,375 by 1,000 because there are 1,000 mcg per mg.
An older adult client states that he takes 5 grains of aspirin every day. The nurse would determine that the client takes how many milligrams every day? 450 mg 150 mg 600 mg 300 mg
300 mg
A male client has been admitted to the hospital because of poor adherence to his medication regimen at home. He was taking Cardizem, a calcium channel blocker, twice per day. The health care provider orders Cardizem CD, a sustained-release medication. When teaching the client about the medication, which statement would indicate he needs additional teaching? "I will take the medication as I was taking it prior to being admitted to the hospital." "I will have to take the medication only once per day." "The medication dosage is higher than my previous prescription, but this is okay because it is released over time." "I need to take the medication at the same time daily to prevent adverse effects."
"I will take the medication as I was taking it prior to being admitted to the hospital." Explanation: A sustained-release medication needs to be given at the same time daily to prevent adverse effects. The total dose of drug in a sustained-release preparation is higher than that found in a regular tablet. The patient may safely take the higher dose because it is released in a controlled fashion, thereby preventing any adverse effects due to overdosage. If the patient continues to take the medication twice a day, he will actually be taking double the expected dose of the medication.
A client who just picked up a prescription at the pharmacy asks the nurse why the client was prescribed a medication for mental health issues when the client sought treatment for allergies. What is the nurse's best response? "What symptoms of allergies do you have?" "The prescriber probably wanted to treat any anticipated depression you may experience." "Have you been experiencing any hallucinations lately?" "Tell me the name of your prescription please."
"Tell me the name of your prescription please." Explanation: The nurse should be aware of the potential name mix-up between the antihistamine Zyrtec (commonly prescribed for allergies) and the antipsychotic Zyprexa. Asking the client for the name of the prescription gives the nurse information to conclude whether the client has received the correct prescription. Telling the client that depression is being treated or asking about hallucinations or allergy symptoms does not address the most likely occurrence that the wrong medication has been filled by the pharmacy.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a school-aged child who is to receive medication therapy. What instructions should the nurse include? "Over-the-counter medicines are usually safe, but make sure not to exceed the recommended dose." "Teach your child to take the medication independently in order to promote autonomy." "Carefully use a common household teaspoon or tablespoon to administer the liquid medication." "Tell your health care provider about all the medicines that your child is taking."
"Tell your health care provider about all the medicines that your child is taking." Explanation: Health care providers don't always know what a child is taking if multiple providers are involved or over-the-counter medications are administered, so parents need to keep a list of all medications given to a child including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medicines. Liquid medications should be measured with appropriate measuring devices such as a measured dosing device or spoon from a measuring set. A household teaspoon or tablespoon should not be used because the amounts are highly variable. The body organs and systems of children are very different from those of an adult. Most children require supervision in order to ensure safety. Parents should not be encouraged to take OTC medications without checking with the provider first.
An 81-year-old client with congestive heart failure has been sent to a cardiologist who prescribes digoxin 125 mcg PO every morning. The pharmacy dispenses pills that contain 0.25 mg of digoxin. How many pills should the nurse teach the client to take every morning? 0.5 1 2 1.5
0.5 explanation: (amount of drug available/1 tablet)=(amount of drug prescribed/number of tablets to give) 125 mcg = 0.125 mg. 0.25 mg/1 tablet = 0.125 mg dose/X. Cross-multiply to determine 0.5 or 1/2 of a tablet is to be taken daily. The nurse may request the pharmacy dispense a different concentration to prevent the client from having to cut the tablet in half.
The pediatric nurse is caring for a child who weighs 44 pounds. The health care provider has prescribed methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 0.03 mg/kg/d IV in normal saline. How many milligrams of medication will the nurse prepare? 0.65 6 0.6 6.5
0.6 explanation: First convert the child's weight to kilograms by dividing 44 pounds by 2.2 kg/1 pound = 20 kg. Multiply the dosage times the child's weight: 20 kg × 0.03 mg/kg/d = 0.6 mg/d.
How many insulin syringes will the nurse need to administer 100 units of standard U-100 insulin? 3 4 2 1
1 Example: Insulin syringes are calibrated to measure up to 100 units of insulin. This means the nurse will need one syringe.
The nurse multiplies and divides simple fractions when calculating drug doses for clients. Which fraction is a result of multiplying 2/5 by 5/8? 16/25 1/4 4 2/5
1/4 Explanation: When multiplying fractions, the nurse would multiply straight across the numerators to get the new numerator, multiply the denominators straight across to get the new denominator and then reduce the fraction to the lowest term. 2 x 5 = 10; 5 x 8 = 40; 10/40 = 1/4 when reduced.
The nurse is caring for a client scheduled for surgery this morning who is not to be given anything orally. The nurse reviews the medication administration record and finds that the client has an important medication due but it is supposed to be given orally. What is the nurse's best action? Give the medication with a small sip of water. Give the medication via a different route. Call the ordering health care provider and clarify administration. Hold the medication and put a note on the front of the chart for the surgeon.
Call the ordering health care provider and clarify administration. Explanation: The nurse would consult with the ordering provider to determine whether the medication should be held, given by another route, or taken with a sip of water. Administering the medication with a small sip of water could cause the cancellation of the procedure, either because of the sip of water or because the medication may interfere with anesthesia. The nurse cannot change the route of administration without an order. Holding the medication would constitute a drug error because the medication was not given on time.
The nurse is preparing to administer a medication to an older adult. The nurse should consider what factor that could affect therapeutic dosing in an older adult? Changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) system can reduce drug absorption. In older adults, drugs are distributed to a smaller portion of the tissues. Drugs are likely to have decreased therapeutic effect. In older adults, drugs enter into circulation more quickly.
Changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) system can reduce drug absorption explanation: As clients age, the body undergoes many normal changes that can affect drug therapy, such as a decreased blood volume, decreased GI absorption, reduced blood flow to muscles or skin, and changes in receptor site responsiveness. They are not released more quickly into circulation or distributed to a smaller portion of tissue. Therapeutic effects are not necessarily diminished.
To properly administer an oral dosage form through a nasogastric feeding tube or gastrostomy, the nurse should do which of the following? Select all that apply. Flush the tube with air to assure the tube is clear prior to administration. Do not dilute liquids prior to administration. Flush the tube with water after drugs are administered. Check the tube for placement. Crush tablets and dissolve them in water prior to administration.
Check the tube for placement. Crush tablets and dissolve them in water prior to administration. Flush the tube with water after drugs are administered. explanation: Before administration of an oral drug through an NG tube or gastrostomy tube, the nurse should check the tube for placement; dilute and flush liquid drugs through the tube; crush tablets and dissolve them in water before administering them through the tube; and flush the tube with water after the drugs are placed in the tube to clear the tubing completely.
A nurse has administered narcotics to a client. Which intervention should the nurse perform immediately after administering the drug? Update the health care provider regarding the client's condition. Document administration of the drug. Monitor the vital signs of the client. Inform the client about the type of drug.
Document administration of the drug. Explanation: After administration of any drug, the nurse should immediately document the administration. After the documentation is complete, the nurse can record the client's vital signs. The client needs to be informed about the drug before the administration. The health care provider need not be immediately informed, unless the client develops severe adverse reactions.
A client asks the nurse why all medications cannot be given by the oral route. The nurse explains the disadvantages of the route of oral medications are which? Select all that apply. Expense for clients Risk of aspiration for many clients Slow drug action Irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa by some drugs Dosage is unknown because some drug is not absorbed and some is metabolized in the liver before reaching the bloodstream.
Dosage is unknown because some drug is not absorbed and some is metabolized in the liver before reaching the bloodstream. Slow drug action Irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa by some drugs Explanation: Disadvantages of oral medications is that the dosage is unknown because some drug is not absorbed and some is metabolized in the liver before reaching the bloodstream, slow drug action, and irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa by some drugs.
Effectiveness of medication therapy is associated with which phase of the nursing process? Assessment Analysis Evaluation Planning
Evaluation example: The nurse would assess the effectiveness of medication therapy during the evaluation phase of the nursing process. Assessment and analysis occur prior to implementation.
The client has been prescribed an oral medication. Prior to administration of this medication, what should the nurse do first? obtain vital signs especially blood pressure. evaluate the client's ability to swallow. verify client understanding of the medication. obtain temperature and evaluate hydration status.
evaluate the client's ability to swallow. Explanation: Prior to administering medications by mouth, it is most important that the nurse assess for swallowing difficulties. Assessment is always the first step of the nursing process. While temperature, hydration, vital signs and blood pressure may be important, swallowing is the highest priority.
What aspects of self-administration of drugs show that the client is deficient in knowledge of the subject? (Select all that apply.) not having a high school degree not having a college degree inability to remember lack of interest in learning cognitive limitation
inability to remember cognitive limitation lack of interest in learning Explanation: Inability to remember, cognitive limitation, and lack of interest in learning are aspects of self-administration of drugs that show that the client is deficient in knowledge of the subject.
The nurse is preparing to administer allergy skin testing. Through which parenteral route should the nurse administer drugs to the client to optimize results? intramuscular subcutaneous intradermal intravenous
intradermal example: When drugs are given by the intradermal route, absorption is slow, which allows for good results when testing for allergies. Administration of drugs through other parenteral routes such as subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular may not yield good results when testing for allergies.
A nurse who had been caring for a client with a cardiac disorder has to now provide care on an outpatient basis. What information should the nurse provide to this client who is willing and now able to manage the treatment regimen? method of drug administration disorders treated using the drug contraindications to prescribing the drug composition of the drug
method of drug administration explanation: When the client is willing and able to manage the treatment regimen, the nurse should provide information concerning the drug, the method of administration, what type of reactions to expect, and what to report to the primary health care provider. A client willing to take responsibility for his treatment may need the nurse to develop a teaching plan that gives the client the information needed to properly manage the therapeutic regimen. The nurse need not educate the client on the composition of the drug or the disorders that the drug is used to teach because this information will not assist the client in administering the drug by himself or herself to achieve the therapeutic effect. The health care team should identify and take into account any contraindications before the drug is prescribed; this is not the responsibility of the client.
The nursing student is studying drug dosage and has learned that there are three systems of measurement associated with drug dosing. What are these systems? (Select all that apply.) Avoirdupois system household measurement system metric system Mercalli system apothecary system
metric system apothecary system household measurement system explanation: There are three systems of measurement associated with drug dosing: the metric system, apothecary system, and household measurements.
The nurse is caring for clients who are each prescribed several drugs. Which client should the nurse monitor most closely for adverse medication effects? 17-year-old female who takes oral contraceptives newborn infant who has no known health problems 7-year-old child with type 2 diabetes middle-aged man who is morbidly obese
newborn infant who has no known health problems Explanation: Clients most likely to have adverse drug reactions include the very young or very old due to physiologic characteristics peculiar to these age groups. Therefore, the newborn infant (even one who is healthy) would be at greater risk than the school-aged child who is at greater risk than the adolescent or middle-aged man.
The nurse, when using the method of dispensing drugs in which each tablet or capsule is packaged separately. Which dispensing method is this? unit-dose method trade-name method generic-name method dosage-strength method
unit-dose method Explanation: The unit dose method is the most common type of labelling seen in hospitals. In this method, each capsule or tablet is packaged separately. On the label, the type of preparation is specified. No such type of dispensing methods are called generic, trade, or dosage strength. These instead are information included on the label, which helps in providing for correct dosage.
