PHARM exam IV
What occurs with mania associated with bipolar disorder?
Distinct episodes of elation
A patient is prescribed hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax) for anxiety. Which adverse effect may be caused by this medication? 1. Diarrhea 2.Insomnia 3. Slurred speech 4. Urinary retention
3. slurred speech
What condition is allopurinol (Zyloprim) used to treat? a. Gout resulting from antineoplastic therapy b. Acute attacks of gouty arthritis c. Cholelithiasis d. First time gout attacks
A
A patient who has been taking an antipsychotic agent developed tongue protrusion, jaw spasms and neck torsions. What are these extrapyramidal symptoms referred to as? 1. akathisia 2. tardive dyskensia 3. dystonias 4. common AES
Dystonias
The nurse is providing education to a patient recently placed on selegiline disintegrating tablets. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? 1. I may need to use a stool softner 2. I will place the tablet on my tongue before breakfast. 3. this medications will slow the development of symptoms 4. i should not push the tablet through the foil
I will place the tablet on my tongue before breakfast.
Which adverse effects associated with levodopa therapy would support the nursing diagnosis "Risk for Injury"? 1. orthostatic hypotension 2. nausea and vomiting 3. tachycardia and palpitations 4. anorexia and depression
Orthostatic hypotension
A patient has been taking an antipsychotic agent for 2 days when suddenly his eyes roll back and his jaw develops spasm the nurse notifies the prescriber that the patient is experiencing? A. pseudoparkinsonian symptoms .B. akathisia .C. tardive dyskinesia .D. dystonia.
Dystonia
A patient who has been prescribed selegiline (Eldepryl) as part of a medication regimen for Parkinson's disease asks how it will help parkinsonism. How does the nurse respond? 1. it decreases the production of acetylcholine 2. "It slows the deterioration of dopamine producing cells." 3. "It speeds up the metabolism of dopamine" 4. it enhances the dopamine activity of nerve cells
"It slows the deterioration of dopamine producing cells."
A patient beginning levodopa (Larodopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease asks how long it will take for the medication to relieve symptoms. What is the nurse's best response? 1. maximum symptoms control occurs when top dosage is reached in 14 to 21 days 2. symptoms relief is immediate but will vary with stress and fatigue level 3. because a loading dose is given the maximum effects of the drug are seen in 24 to 48 hours 4. "The full therapeutic effect of the drug will not be apparent for up to 6 months."
"The full therapeutic effect of the drug will not be apparent for up to 6 months."
Which statement is true regarding disulfiram (Antabuse)? 1 Disulfiram helps reduce the desire for alcohol. 2 Disulfiram helps in maintaining abstinence from alcohol. 3 Disulfiram enhances gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity. 4 Disulfiram blocks pharmacological effects associated with alcohol.
1
Which age range correctly identifies when anxiety disorders commonly begin? 1. 31 to 40 years 2. 51 to 60 years 3. 41 to 50 years 4. 20 to 30 years
20-30 years
What point(s) should be included when teaching a patient about the use of apomorphine for treatment of Parkinsons disease? (Select all that apply.) 1. Apomorphine does not have any opioid activity. 2. A multidose injector pen is commonly used to administer apomorphine 3. may be administere IV for rapid relief 4. You may experience sleep attacks or episodes of daytime sleepiness. 5. you may experience nausea and vomiting, which can be treated with trimethobenzamide (Tigan).
- Apomorphine does not have any opioid activity. - A multidose injector pen is commonly used to administer apomorphine. - you may experience nausea and vomiting, which can be treated with trimethobenzamide (Tigan). - You may experience sleep attacks or episodes of daytime sleepiness. 1, 2, 4, 5
Fluoxetine (Prozac) is prescribed for which conditions?
- Depression - Premenstrual dysphoric syndrome
A patient states that voices are telling her she is evil and that she should leave the hospital. From which condition is the patient suffering? A. Delusions B. Hallucinations C. Disorganized thinking D. Change in affect
ANS: b
A patient has completed substance abuse treatment for alcoholism. What will assist in long-term goal attainment and promote abstinence? (Select all that apply.) a. Naltrexone therapy b. Regular attendance at NA c. Regular contact with his program sponsor d. Following the 12-step program of AA e. Diazepam therapy to reduce the likelihood of DTs
A, C, D
What can be directly absorbed from the GI tract into the bloodstream? (Select all that apply.) a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Fructose d. Galactose e. Lactose f. Maltose
A, C, D
What important point(s) of patient education should be included about disulfiram (Antabuse) therapy? (Select all that apply.) a. The patient should return for liver function tests in 10 to 14 days following initiation of therapy. b. Headache, fatigue, and a metallic taste are common adverse effects that usually resolve. c. Avoid alcohol ingestion to prevent a reaction. d. Carefully read all labels for possible alcohol content, including perfumes and over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as cough syrups. e. Report to the health care provider any allergic symptoms, such as hives or pruritus.
A., B, C, D
Which substance(s) may increase the toxic effects of benzodiazepines? (Select all that apply.) a. Alcohol b. Antihistamines c. Analgesics d. Sedatives e. Vitamins f. Hypnotics
B, C, D, E, F
A patient is admitted to the psychiatric unit with a moderate depressive episode the patient states "is this all in my head"? Which response by the nurse is most therapeutic? A. "You are in control of your thoughts and ideas. Try to be more positive." B. "Depression may be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain, which medication and counseling can help." C. "If medication and therapy don't help, electroconvulsive therapy may be an option. "D. "Drug therapy can work wonders."
B. Depression may be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain ,which medication and counseling can help
Which vitamin will reduce the therapeutic effects of levodopa? 1. vit d 2. vit c 3. vit b1 4. vit b6
B6 (pyridoxine)
What is the mechanism of action of memantine (Namenda)? a. Increases production of dopamine b. Decreases production of serotonin c. Blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) d. Enhances reuptake of central neurotransmitters
C
What will the nurse caution a patient about when providing information about the prescribed azaspirone antidepressant? a. Risk for addiction b. Adverse effect of nausea c. Risk of injury when using machinery d. Additive effects of central nervous system (CNS) depression with alcohol
C. risk of injury when using machinery
Patients who are being treated for depression should continually be monitored for thoughts of suicide. Which behavior may indicate suicidal behavior?
Comments suggesting that "things would be better" after the patient's death
A patient had been admitted for further treatment of a psychotic disorder, after 5 days, the patient reports fatigue, dizziness, dry mouth and constipations the bust explosions to the patient that these symptoms are due to which factor related to the prescribed antipsychotic medication?
Common adverse effect
Which laboratory test result would the nurse observe when a patient has hepatotoxicity? a. Decreased bilirubin b. Increased albumin c. Decreased alkaline phosphatase d. Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
D
What information does the nurse provide to a patient taking entacapone (Comtan)? 1. Some patients may experience unusually high blood pressure 2. Constipation is a common adverse effect of entacapone 3. Entacapone may change the color of urine to brownish orange. 4. many patients experience hyperactivity which will decrease over time
Entacapone may change the color of urine to brownish orange.
Dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia are types of which? 1. extrapyramidal symptoms 2. common adverse effects 3. serious adverse effects 4. signs of toxicity
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Which medications are commonly used to treat OCD? (Select all that apply.) Select all that apply. 1)Fluvoxamine (Luvox) 2)Sertraline (Zoloft) 3)Propranolol (Inderal) 4)Paroxetine (Paxil)
Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (Paxil)
Which medication given for Parkinson's disease may also have "neuroprotective" properties? 1. apomorphine (apokyn) 2. diphenhydramine chloride (benadryl) 3. entacopane (Comtan) 4. Selegiline (Eldepryl)
Selegiline (Eldepryl)
The nurse is teaching a patient with Parkinsons disease about levodopa. Which statement by the nurse is accurate regarding drug administration? 1. take this medication when your tremors get worse 2. Take this medication with food or antacids to reduce GI upset. 3. take this medication at bedtime to prevent tremors 4. take this medication in between meals
Take this medication with food or antacids to reduce GI upset.
The nurse is developing a teaching plan for patients prescribed buspirone (BuSpar). Which information about this medication should be included? a. There is minimal potential for abuse. b. Signs of improvement can be seen within 3 days. c. Sedation is increased compared with other antianxiety medications. d. It stimulates the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
There is minimal potential for abuse.
A patient with a history of schizophrenia had been on antipsychotic medications for a prolonged time the patient is exhibiting new symptoms of tremors , hypotension, and tardíve dyskinesia, laboratory results show an increase in liver enzymes what's does the nurse suspect? A. These are common adverse effects of the medications. B. These are serious adverse effects of the medications and the physician must be notified. C. The patient has been taking increased amounts of antipsychotic medication. D.The patient's schizophrenia is progressing predictably
These are serious adverse effects of the medications and the health care provider must be notified
The nurse is preparing to educate a patient and significant other about antianxiety medications before the patient's discharge. What is pertinent information to be included in the teaching plan? a. Discuss, review, and validate the behavior monitoring system and intervention flow sheet the patient and significant other will continue to use following discharge. b. Discuss the possible dependence associated with the medication at length to make sure the patient does not overuse the drug .c. Instruct the patient to educate family members about the medication therapy, based on recollection of discussions with the nurse. d. Provide all instructions verbally, with repetition as needed when requested by the patient.
a
Clonidine (Catapres) is used in treating which opioid withdrawal symptom(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Hypertension b. Tremors c. Agitation d. Depression e. Sweating f. Nausea
b, c, e
Which assessment(s) would be included in the evaluation of a patient with anxiety? (Select all that apply.) a. Physical examination b. Psychological evaluation c. History of precipitation stressors d. Medication history e. Substance abuse history f. Blood glucose level
a, b, c, d, e
what are the major adverse effects of antipsychotic medications? 1.extrapyramidal symptoms 2.seizures 3.weight gain 4.hyperglycemia 5.dyslipidemia 6.dysrhythmias
all are correct
which premedication assessments does the nurse complete for patients prescribed antipsychotic agents? 1.history of cardiovascular disorders 2.weight 3.positional blood pressure reading 4.history of diabetes mellitus 5.dietary history
all are correct
what effect will occur if a patient being treated with naltrexone (revia) for substance abuse ingests opioids or alcohol? 1. deep sedation 2. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea 3.an absence of the high associated with drugs 4. increased euphoria
an absence of the high associated with drugs
Which food is a good source of vitamin A? a. Sweet potatoes b. Apples c. Bananas d. Whole grain bread
answer: a
Which meal contains the best sources of dietary fiber? a. Eggs, bacon, orange juice b. Salad, whole wheat toast, sliced peach c. Roast beef, mashed potatoes with gravy, corn, milk d. Grilled hamburger on a bun, fresh carrot sticks, potato chips
answer: b
What is the rationale for administering acamprosate (Campral)? a. Withdrawal from alcohol addiction b. Maintenance of sobriety c. Improvement of renal function d. Correction of electrolyte imbalances
b. maintenance of sobriety
A patient who is 8 weeks' postpartum would like to begin a moderate intensity exercise program to lose the remaining 20 lb she gained during her pregnancy. Which exercise regimen will the nurse recommend to accomplish this goal best? a. Walking 2 miles daily in 1 hour, four times weekly b. Jogging 4 miles in 20 minutes, three times weekly c. Walking 4 miles in 1 hour daily d. Jogging 2 miles in 20 minutes, twice weekly
answer: c
A series of adverse effects may be seen in a patient taking the drug hydroxyzine"vistaril,"atarax ". What is this group of adverse effects classified as? A. Anticholinergic B. Adrenergic C. Antiemetic D. Dopaminergic
anticholinergic
What is the recommended time over which antianxiety medications must be gradually tapered before discontinuation? a. 1 week b. 1 month c. 6 months d. 1 year
b. 1 month
Which is a benzodiazepine of choice when treating anxiety associated with alcohol withdrawal? a. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) b. Oxazepam (Serax) c. Diazepam (Valium) d. Clorazepate (Tranxene)
b. Oxazepam (serax)
Which patient is most likely to respond quickly to antianxiety therapy with benzodiazepines? a. Patient with a history of long-term anxiety b. Patient with recent anxiety reactions c. Patient with severe depression in addition to being anxious d. Patient with incidents of auditory hallucinations
b. Patient with recent anxiety reactions
What will the nurse instruct patients who are on daily disulfiram (Antabuse) to avoid? a. All forms of cough syrup b. Alcohol c. Benzodiazepines d. Aspirin products
b. alcohol
A patient is admitted into a substance abuse treatment center and is withdrawing from alcohol. Which statement made by the patient's family member shows a need for further education? a. "Withdrawal symptoms can begin within a few hours of discontinuation of drinking ."b. "Withdrawal symptoms will improve within 24 hours. "c. "Less than 1% of patients develop delirium tremens." d. "Benzodiazepines are commonly used for detoxification."
b. withdrawal symtoms will improve within 24 hours
A severe reactions can occur between SSRIs and which drugs? 1. beta blockers 2. ACE inhibitors 3. birth control pills 4. opioids
birth control pills
How do centrally acting anticholinergics help control symptoms in Parkinson's disease? 1. by preventing destruction of dopamine in the CNS 2. by activating dopamine receptors 3. by increasing the synthesis of dopamine 4. by blocking cholinergic receptors
by blocking cholinergic receptors
Which is a macronutrient that is a separate factor necessary for complete nutrition and wellness? a. A phytochemical b. A trace mineral c. Fiber d. A vitamin
c. fiber
The nurse transcribes an order for lorazepam for a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting as a result of alcohol withdrawal. The most appropriate route of administration for lorazepam with this patient would be: a. by mouth. b. rectally. c. intramuscularly. d. subcutaneously.
c. intramusculary
The nurse teaches a patient taking selegiline (Eldepryl) to avoid which food? 1. oranges 2. bananas 3. cheese 4.popcorn
cheese
When a patient taking a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor receives his dietary tray, the nurse knows to remove the: 1. eggs 2. cheese 3. bread 4. coffee
cheese
A patient taking rasagiline is assessed by the nurse to have a lasting significant increase in blood pressure. When reviewing the patients current list of medications, the nurse decides to hold the next dose of: 1. ativan 2. valium 3. levodopa 4. ciproflaxin
ciproflaxin
Bupropion hydrochloride (Wellbutrin) may cause hypertension when is used in combination with which drug? 1. alcohol 2. nictoine 3. diazepam 4. morphine
nicotine
Which is true regarding psychological drug dependence? a. It is easier to treat than physiological dependence. b. It is not considered a true addiction. c. It is easily controlled by influencing the patient's perceptions. d. It requires medical intervention to treat.
d. It requires medical intervention to treat.
The nurse is assisting with the development of care plan for a patient withdrawing from cocaine. What would be the first nursing diagnosis priority for this patient? a. Altered nutrition; less than body requirements b. Risk for altered peripheral tissue perfusion c. Risk for fluid volume deficit d. High risk for self-directed violence
d. high risk for self-directed violence
Which patient assessment will the nurse expect to observe when a patient has ingested alcohol while on disulfiram (Antabuse)? a. Unconsciousness b. Hypertension c. GI bleeding d. Severe vomiting.
d. severe vomiting
a patient with a history of alcohol abuse is undergoing long term treatment which agent does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for this patient? 1.disulfram (antabuse) 2. verpamil (calan) 3. bupernorphine (subutex) 4. caffeine
disuifram (antabuse)
The nurse is assessing an older patient with Parkinsons disease who was started on entacapone 1 week ago. The patient has a history of coronary artery disease and takes an anti hypertensive and aspirin. Which information would support the need for a reduction in medication dosage by the health care provider? 1. dizziness 2. drowsiness 3. constipation 4. brownish orange urine
dizziness
Which is the drug of choice to treat a patient with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)? a. Lorazepam (Ativan) b. Buspirone (BuSpar) c. Fluvoxamine (Luvox) d. Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
fluvoxamine
a psychotic patient began antipsychotic medications 1 week ago. what does the nurse expect the patient to experience? 1.reduced auditory hallucinations 2.reduction in delusions 3.reduced symptoms of insomnia 4.less agitation 5.increased adverse effects from the drug
3, 4
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) is ordered for a postoperative patient. Which outcome indicates that the drug is effective? 1. Urinary output is more than 60 mL/hr. 2. The patient turns, coughs, and deep breathes as directed. 3. Sips of water are tolerated without vomiting. 4. Blood pressure is stable at less than 140 systolic.
3. sips of water are tolerated without vomiting
What is the best definition of substance abuse? 1. regular ingestion of mind altering chemicals 2. use of illegal drugs 3. dependence of drugs caused by repeated use 4. impairment caused by periodic, purposeful use of chemical substances
4. impairment caused by periodic, purposeful use of chemical substances
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with gout who has elevated uric acid levels. Which medication will likely be administered? a. Allopurinol (Zyloprim) b. Disulfiram (Antabuse) c. Lactulose (Cephulac) d. Memantine (Namenda)
A
The nurse is caring for a patient with a new prescription for donepezil (Aricept) for symptoms of mild dementia. Which symptom exhibited by the patient should the nurse report to the physician immediately? a. Bradycardia b. Vomiting c. Diarrhea d. Dyspepsia
A
What important point(s) of patient education should be included about disulfiram (Antabuse) therapy? (Select all that apply.) a. The patient should return for liver function tests in 10 to 14 days following initiation of therapy. b. Headache, fatigue, and a metallic taste are common adverse effects that usually resolve. c. Avoid alcohol ingestion to prevent a reaction. d. Carefully read all labels for possible alcohol content, including perfumes and over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as cough syrups. e. Report to the health care provider any allergic symptoms, such as hives or pruritus.
A, B, C, D
A nurse working the night shift suspects that a colleague is abusing alcohol. Which action by the nurse is most important? a. "Good faith" reporting is unfaithful to a colleague. b. Reporting will result in loss of the colleague's license. c. It is not of concern, and the nurse won't be penalized for refusing to get involved. d. State guidelines may mandate to report substance abuse.
ANS D
Which dietary fats are cardioprotective? a. Monounsaturated b. Polyunsaturated c. Saturated d. Trans
ANS: A
A female patient is admitted to the adult psychiatric floor with a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder. Anxiolytic medications and group therapy have been prescribed. Evaluation of therapeutic outcomes related to her acute stay can be measured by which assessment(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. She is able to sleep 5 hours during the night. b. The tremor and pacing she exhibited on admission are reduced. c. She is able to attend and actively participate in group sessions. d. She is eating only 10% of her meals. e. She complains of chest pain before group therapy.
ANS: A, B, C
Which is/are extrapyramidal adverse effect(s) of antipsychotic agents? (Select all that apply.) a. Spasmodic movements of muscle groups b. Masklike expression c. Lip smacking d. Inability to sit in one place for an extended period e. Weight gain
ANS: A, B, C, D
A patient is receiving total parenteral nutrition. Which action(s) will the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.) a. Assess for electrolyte imbalance. b. Check residual volume qid. c. Position the patient in a high Fowler's position. d. Monitor blood glucose levels. e. Discard the solution every 24 hours.
ANS: A, D, E
Which patients could have a TCA prescribed? A. A patient with pain following a shingles outbreak B. A patient with Parkinson's disease C. A patient with acute pain from appendicitis D. A patient who has phantom limb pain E. A patient with cancer pain
ANS: A, D, E
A newly admitted patient asks the nurse why the physician has ordered the DASH diet for him. The nurse informs the patient that this diet is ordered to encourage healthy eating specifically for the diagnosis of a. diabetes. b. hypertension. c. arthritis. d. seizure disorder.
ANS: B
A patient presents at the physician's office with reports of frequent nosebleeds and delayed clotting. The physician diagnoses this patient with a vitamin deficiency. To treat this type of deficiency, the nurse will encourage the patient to consume foods high in vitamin a. C. b. D. c. K. d. A.
ANS: C
How does the nurse teach a patient to take selegiline (Eldepryl)? 1. one hour before or 2 hours after meals to increase absorption 2. at bedtime to increase therapeuric effects 3. At breakfast and lunch to decrease the potential for insomnia 4. every 6 hours to ensure maintenance
At breakfast and lunch to decrease the potential for insomnia
A patient admitted 48 hours ago has a diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and is receiving IV hydration and transfusions. When making rounds, the nurse observes the patient to be having a tonic-clonic seizure. What may be the cause of the seizure? a. Low blood counts as a result of bleeding b. Alcohol withdrawal c. Alkalosis d. Inadequate nutrition
B
The nurse is providing information to a patient with chronic gout arthritis who is prescribed probenecid. Which information by the nurse is accurate regarding the action of this drug? a. It prevents uric acid crystal formation. b. It promotes uric acid excretion. c. It provides analgesia. d. It treats acute gout attacks.
B
Which nursing action is accurate when administering colchicine? a. Administer the medication subcutaneously. b. Maintain fluid intake of at least eight 8-ounce glasses daily. c. Increase fiber in the diet to prevent constipation. d. Inform the patient that pain will be alleviated in 2 weeks.
B
A patient is taking an SSRI , and develops deep vein thrombosis "DVT" requiring treatment with warfarin "Coumadin" which interaction could occurs when these medications are taken concurrently? A) Increased risk of blood clotting B) Increased suicide risk C) Increased risk of bleeding D) Increased symptoms of depression
D. increased risk for bleeding
What is the rationale for administering levodopa instead of dopamine for treatment of Parkinsons disease? 1. dopamine has to many reactions with other medications 2. the half life of dopamine is to short 3. levodopa is to expensive 4. Dopamine does not cross the bloodbrain barrier when administered orally
Dopamine does not cross the bloodbrain barrier when administered orally.
The nurse is providing information to a patient recently prescribed entacapone. Which statement is correct? 1. this medication is not to be taken with cardiopa levodopa 2. this medication increases the production of dopamine in the brain 3. dosage is adjusted according to the patients response 4. their will be fewer incidences of dopamine effects such as confusion
Dosage is adjusted according to the patients response.
What must be administered before glucose infusions for a patient in alcohol withdrawal to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy? a. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) b. Thiamine c. Diazepam (Valium) d. Bromocriptine (Parlodel
b. thiamine
A patient has been prescribed apomorphine (Apokyn) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. For which adverse effect does the nurse monitor the patient? 1. facial grimacing 2. bradycardia 3. hypotension 4. urinary retention
facial grimacing
A patient is taking an MAOI is monitored for which? 1. hypertension 2. Afib 3. hypoglycemia 4. hyperglycemia
hypertension
acamprosate (campral) given for the treatment of alcohol abuse works by which mechanism? 1. the absorption of alcohol are blocked 2. it causes severe flushing of the face and hands with alcohol ingestion 3. the sedative effects of alcohol are blocked 4. cravings for alcohol are decreased
it causes severe flushing of the face and hands with alcohol ingestion
Which is most likely associated with a sign or symptom of lithium toxicity?
lethargy and weakness
The nurse is preparing to begin administration of apomorphine to a patient. Before administering, the nurse will perform a baseline assessment of the patients: (Select all that apply.) 1. intellectual ability 2. mobility 3. orientation 4. alertness 5. vital signs
mobility. orientation alertness. vital signs.
Parkinsons disease has which characteristic symptoms? (select all) 1. muscle flaccidity 2. posture alterations 3. slow body movement 4. tachycardia 5. muscle tremors
posture alterations, slow body movement, and muscle tremors
A newly admitted psychiatric patient repetitively states, "I wish I were dead. I just want to kill myself." The priority nursing at this time is to:a. establish a trusting relationship. b. encourage a nonstimulating environment .c. provide for patient safety. d. identify signs of increased anxiety.
provide for patient safety
What is the pharmacologic action of entacapone, a potent -O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor? 1. inhibits the relative excess of dopamine activity 2. enhances the cholinergic symptoms of Parkinson disease 3. reduces destruction of dopamine in peripheral tissues 4. slows the deterioration of dopamine nerve cells
reduces destruction of dopamine in peripheral tissues
Dopamine agonists have been linked with which adverse effects in patients with Parkinsons disease? 1. oculoguric crisis 2. akathsia 3. tardive dyskensia 4. sudden sleep events
sudden sleep events
Which cholinergic symptoms of Parkinson's disease are reduced with anticholinergic drugs? 1. rigidity 2. tremors and drooling 3. postural abnormalities 4. cognitive impairment
tremors and drooling