Pharm Final

The nurse is assessing a client who is being admitted to the healthcare facility. When asked about allergies, the client states, "I'm allergic to penicillin." What is the nurse's best initial response?

"Do you remember what happened the last time you received penicillin?"

A client has been diagnosed with a fungal infection and been prescribed a topical antifungal medication. What assessment question should the nurse ask when addressing the possible etiology of the fungal infection?

"Have you been prescribed any antibiotics in the recent past?"

A client with a fungal infection has been prescribed a miconazole vaginal suppository. What education should the nurse provide about safe and effective administration?

"If possible, lie down for 10 or 15 minutes after inserting the medication."

A client's gastrointestinal symptoms have been attributed to a helminth infection and the provider has prescribed praziquantel. When reviewing the prescription with the client, what instructions should the nurse most likely provide?

"Make sure to take all three doses that you've been prescribed."

A client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has been started on insulin therapy to control glucose levels. The client does not want to take any medications that come from an animal source. What is the best response by the nurse?

"Many forms of insulin, such as genetically engineered, do not use animal products

A client with giardiasis is to receive tinidazole. The nurse should instruct the client to do what?

"Take the drug as a single dose with food.

The nurse is assessing a client and is asking about the client's current medication regimen. The client states, "I'm not taking anything that you need a prescription to get." What is the nurse's best response?

"Which drugs do you take that don't require a prescription"

The nurse is providing health education for a client who has been prescribed atovaquone (Malarone) prior to leaving on a tropical vacation. The nurse should state:

"You'll have to take this drug each day, starting before you leave on your trip."

What are nursing diagnoses that may be made during administration of antitubercular drugs? Select all that apply.

-Acute pain -Imbalanced nutrition -Risk of ineffective therapeutic regimen management

Incidence of fungal infections has increased with the rising number of people who are immunocompromised. What groups are considered to have a compromised immune system? (Select all that apply.)

-Clients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) -Clients taking immunosuppressant drugs -Clients who have undergone transplantation surgery or cancer treatment -The elderly

Which are advantages of over-the-counter (OTC) medications? Select all that apply.

-Greater autonomy to choose a medication -Convenience to access the medications

In discussing the drug regimen with the client, what factors should be included? (Select all that apply.)

-Length of time before desired therapeutic effect will occur -Steps to minimize adverse reactions -Adverse reactions to expect

What helminths should the nurse classify as nematodes? Select all that apply.

-Pinworm -Whipworm -Threadworm

An 80-year-old woman is receiving treatment with oral fluconazole for a fungal infection Following yesterday's and today's dose, she reports an upset stomach to the charge nurse. How should the nurse at the facility best respond to the woman's report?

-Provide food along with the fluconazole when -administering it in the future.

A client is started on carvedilol therapy after experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse will monitor the client for the medication's effect on which post MI condition? Select all that apply

-hypertension -right sided heart failure -left sided ventricular dysfunction

The nurse is conducting client education for a newly diagnosed diabetic. The order is for 32 units of insulin. The insulin is supplied in a multidose vial that is labeled 100 units/mL. How many mL of insulin would be needed to treat this client?

0.32 100 units/1 mL = 32 units/X X = (32/100) mL = 0.32 mL

A client has been prescribed a one-time dose of 4 mg morphine IV. The medication is available in ampules of 10 mg/mL. What volume of morphine should the nurse draw up?

0.4

A nurse is to administer 175 mg of a medication intramuscularly. The label on the multidose vial states that the concentration is 100 mg/mL. What volume of the drug should the nurse administer? (Record your answer using two decimal places.)

1.75

When a drug is discontinued, what percentage of that drug will remain in the body after three half-lives?

12.5% Each half-life removes 50% of the drug stored in the body. Hence, after one half-life, the percentage of drug in the body would be 50%. After two half-lives, the percentage of drug in the body would be half of 50%, which is 25%. Consequently, after three half-lives, the percentage of drug would be 12.5%.

The recommended dose of a drug is based on drug evaluation studies and targeted to which population?

150-pound person

Methocarbamol (Robaxin) 1.5 g orally four times a day has been prescribed for a client to treat neck pain. Robaxin is available in 500-mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer for each dose?

3

The nurse is to administer 200 mg of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole suspension. The suspension must be shaken well as suspensions settle to the bottom of the bottle. The medication available is trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole 250 mg in 5 mL. Which is the correct dosage required for administration?

4 mL

An 80-year-old with internal bleeding is admitted through the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident. The health care provider has ordered 2 units of packed red blood cells (1 unit is 250 mL) to infuse over 1 hour each. The drip rate on the blood administration set is10 gtt/mL. What would be the flow rate in drops per minute?

42

For which clients would treatment with acyclovir be most clearly indicated?

A 77-year-old whose recent debilitating pain has been attributed to a herpes zoster infection

The nurse is providing emergency health care at a refugee camp and there are several clients who are being treated for helminthic infections. What client should the nurse prioritize for referral to one of the camp care providers?

A client who is taking albendazole and whose urine output has decreased sharply over the past 24 hours

A nurse has administered a drug that will have a therapeutic effect on the client's parasympathetic nervous system. The nurse understands the drug will primarily affect what neurotransmitter?

Acetylcholine

What action should the nurse perform during the implementation step of the nursing process?

Administration of medication and documentation occurs during the implementation phase.

Some anticholinergic drugs have the same clinical indications in the pediatric population as in the adult population. Which statement accurately describes a difference between the populations related to the use of anticholinergics?

Adverse effects tend to be more severe in children.

A nurse is reviewing the health record of a client for whom antimalarial therapy is being proposed. The nurse should identify what aspect of the client's history as contraindicating the use of antimalarials?

Alcoholic liver disease

A 75-year-old male client is experiencing extrapyramidal symptoms secondary to an antipsychotic drug. Which drug would the nurse expect the health care provider to order to relieve these symptoms?

Anticholinergic medications are indicated in the relief of central nervous system symptoms of Parkinson's disease or extrapyramidal symptoms associated with some antipsychotic drugs.

A nurse is caring for a client who asks why she has been prescribed posaconazole following kidney transplantation. The nurse responds that posaconazole is used as prophylaxis to prevent:

Aspergillus infection.

A client has been diagnosed with depression following several months of reduced concentration and sleep difficulties. The client has been prescribed bupropion SR 150 mg PO b.i.d. What should the priority nursing assessment be?

Assessment of the client's mood and affect

An adult client's presentation is suggestive of ascaris infection and anthelmintic medications are being considered by the care team. While awaiting the results of diagnostic testing, what assessment would best address the client's risk factors for this infection?

Assessment of the client's recent travel history

A patient has been instructed to take metronidazole for intestinal amebiasis. Which instruction should the nurse give to the patient regarding the drug?

Avoid intake of alcohol

An adult client has recently begun cancer treatment with methotrexate (MTX). When reviewing this client's laboratory work, the nurse should consequently prioritize assessment of what?

BUN & creatine

To prevent viral infections, what precaution should the general public take?

Become vaccinated against prevalent virus infections.

A client is experiencing an inflammatory response following an injury. What assessment finding would confirm the role of thromboxanes in the inflammatory process?

Bleeding has stopped at the injury site

A 79-year-old woman has recently moved to a long-term care facility, and the nurse at the facility is conducting a medication reconciliation. The nurse notes that the woman has recently been taking tamoxifen. The nurse is justified in concluding that the woman has a history of what malignancy?

Breast cancer

A client is admitted to the hospital with elevated temperature, chills, cough, and fatigue. The health care provider orders a chest x-ray, which indicates pneumonia. The blood cultures also come back positive for a Gram-negative bacillus. The provider orders two antibiotics to be given to the client, one for Gram-negative organisms and one for Gram-positive organisms. Why does the provider not prescribe just one antibiotic for both types of bacteria?

Broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance.

A nurse is caring for an elderly patient who is to be administered isoproterenol. Which change monitored in the patient should the nurse report immediately to the primary health care provider?

Changes in pulse rate

A client is experiencing difficulty swallowing a large oral tablet. What action by the nurse would be most appropriate?

Check to determine whether the drug can be crushed or mixed with food

In which clients are the use of cidofovir contraindicated?

Clients with renal impairment

A patient diagnosed with acute primary HIV infection is in the clinic. What treatment should be initiated for this patient?

Combination antiretroviral therapy

A client has been prescribed primaquine to prevent a relapse of malaria and is nearing the end of the prescribed course of treatment. During the nurse's most recent assessment, the client reports "I'm feeling dizzy and nauseous a lot, with ringing in my ears." What is the nurse's best action?

Communicate these assessment findings to the provider promptly

A nurse is asked to explain the difference between community-acquired infections and hospital-acquired infections. What response best describes the difference?

Community-acquired infections are usually less severe and easier to treat since hospital-acquired infections often involve drug-resistant microorganisms.

Which activity would the nurse expect to complete during the evaluation phase of the nursing process in drug therapy?

Compare the outcome expected with the actual client outcome

A nurse is caring for a 25-year-old client who has been prescribed an adrenergic drug for shock. Which action should the nurse implement?

Continually assess the client for physiological changes and notify the primary care provider with changes

The nurse understands that an admission assessment is completed to accomplish what goal?

Data collection During the assessment, data collection occurs.

A client has been prescribed a beta blocker. The nurse knows that beta blockers can have which effect on the heart?

Decrease the heart rate

A 72-year-old man with pain issues is being given a drug by the intramuscular route. His serum blood level concentrations have been erratic. The nurse suspects that this may be due to

Decreased blood flow to tissues and muscles alter the absorption of drugs administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly in older adults. Increased plasma albumin levels, altered gastric pH, and altered gastrointestinal motility would not affect blood concentrations.

The nursing instructor is teaching students about Alzheimer's disease. The instructor informs the students that clients with this illness experience problems with memory and thinking. The reason that this happens is which?

Degeneration of cholinergic pathways

The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multi-dose bottle. The label is torn and soiled but the name of the medication is still readable. What is the nurse's priority action?

Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle

A client has been treated with abacavir for the past 6 weeks. The client contacts the physician's office with reports of diarrhea, abdominal pain, sore throat, cough, and shortness of breath. Which is the appropriate action to take for this situation?

Discontinue the therapy

female patient is taking oral cyclophosphamide therapy for breast cancer. Because of possible adverse effects of the drug, the nurse will instruct the patient to:

Drink alot of water

A 44-year-old man has come to the clinic with an asthma exacerbation. He tells the nurse that his father and brother also suffer from asthma, as does his 15-year-old son. The nurse explains that this is an allergic response based on a genetic predisposition. The specific allergen initiated by immunological mechanisms is usually mediated by immunoglobulin:

E

A client in her twenties has told the nurse that she will be going on a safari trip for her honeymoon and that she has been prescribed antimalarial prophylaxis. The nurse should follow up with what education?

Encourage the client to use reliable contraception

Which would the nurse expect to be prescribed to a client experiencing acute bronchospasm?

Epinephrine. would be used to treat bronchospasm. Dopamine is indicated for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Metaraminol is used to treat shock if norepinephrine or dopamine cannot be used. Norepinephrine is used to treat shock and during cardiac arrest to promote sympathetic activity

When planning the care for a client receiving imatinib, the nurse would identify which nursing diagnosis as most likely?

Excess fluid volume related to fluid retention

The nurse is explaining Rh factors to a client who will receive a blood transfusion. How should the nurse best describe histocompatibility antigens?

Genetically determined markers for self-cell identification

client is diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is prescribed a statin. As part of client education, the nurse should teach the client to avoid eating:

Grapefruit contains a substance that strongly inhibits the metabolism of drugs normally metabolized by the cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 enzyme.

The clinical nurse educator who oversees the emergency department in a children's hospital has launched an awareness program aimed at reducing drug errors. What measure addresses the most common cause of incorrect doses in the care of infants and children?

Have nurses check their math calculations with a colleague before administering a drug

What is a drawback to HMO insurance?

Health care providers in the organization are the only ones who can be consulted

A nurse is addressing a group of nursing students about gamma globulins. What is the best response to the nursing students about the function of IgA?

Helpful in defense against invasion of microbes via nose, eyes, lungs, and intestines

The nurse has administered an intravenous solution that is expected to draw interstitial fluid into the vascular space. The nurse likely administered what type of solution?

Hypertonic

Which patient statement indicates the need for additional teaching about propranolol?

I can stop the drug once my blood pressure is controlled." A patient receiving propranolol should understand that the drug should not be stopped abruptly but rather should be tapered over a period of 2 weeks. Getting up slowly, spacing activities, and reporting any chest pain or difficulty breathing demonstrate an understanding of the possible adverse effects of the drug and measures to address them.

A client has been placed on amphotericin B. The nurse caring for this client should administer this medication:

IV

A client has sought care because of seasonal allergies that are having a negative effect on the client's quality of life. The nurse should recognize the role of what immunoglobulin in this client's health problem?

IgE

The nurse brings the client's afternoon medications and attempts to teach the client about them. The client states, "Just tell my wife about them, she will take care of me at home." What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?

Ineffective Self Health Management

A client, diagnosed with Trichomonas vaginalis, is being treated with metronidazole orally. What instruction is most important for the nurse to provide this client to minimize the risk for reinfection?

Instruct her to have her partner treated

A client is to receive penicillin. The nurse understands that this drug achieves its effect by which action?

Interfering with the pathogen cell wall

A patient is receiving carboplatin. The nurse would expect to administer this drug by which route?

Intravenous

A client is administered atropine to increase the heart rate. What is the action of atropine?

It blocks the parasympathetic vagal stimulation Moderate to large doses of atropine increase the heart rate by blocking parasympathetic vagal stimulation. The exacerbation of the parasympathetic vagal stimulation is opposite to the effect of atropine. The blockage of histamine is seen with the antihistamine medications, not anticholinergic agents. Atropine does not block cell wall synthesis.

A female client is ending an extensive chemotherapeutic regimen that included cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs. What does the nurse understand about bone marrow toxicity in this client?

It is a common adverse effect of her treatment.

A client is prescribed pyrantel for the treatment of a roundworm infection. The nurse understands that this drug may be preferred for which reason?.

It requires a single dose

A nurse is gathering subjective and objective data during the initial assessment of a client. Which statement best reflects how the comparison between this initial data gathered and the data gathered with subsequent assessments helps in the nursing process?

It will help determine the effectiveness of the therapy

A client is exposed to a viral infection. What role will interferon most likely play during this exposure?

It will interfere with virus replication.

Jack Thomas is a 45-year-old automobile mechanic with a history of throat cancer. Jack has just undergone radical neck resection. As a result of the surgery, Jack suffers from xerostomia, a dry mouth condition. He is prescribed pilocarpine therapy. What advice should you give Jack regarding the drug therapy?

Jack should be cautioned about blurred vision and its hazardS.

During assessment, a nurse asks a client about any chronic conditions that might have an impact on the client's prescribed drug therapy. What issue, if reported by the client, would alert the nurse to a possible problem?

Kidney disease Chronic conditions, such as renal disease, heart disease, diabetes, or chronic lung disease, can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug

A 68-year-old female who was diagnosed with hypertension 2 weeks ago and was prescribed a new hypertension medication. The client has returned to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse notes that the client's blood pressure is unchanged from her last clinic visit. When the client was asked if she was taking the new medication on a regular basis, she stated, "I thought that I was supposed to take the new drug when I had a pounding headache or was in a stressful situation, not all the time." The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client would be which?

Knowledge, Deficient, due to the lack of understanding of treatment regimen

What would be considered the body's last barrier of defense?

Major histocompatibility complex

A nature photographer will be embarking on a trip overseas and is beginning a protocol for malaria prophylaxis involving 500 mg of chloroquine phosphate. What instruction should the nurse include in this client's health education?

Make sure you take your pill on the same day each week."

A 72-year-old patient with TB is undergoing standard treatment in a health care facility. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse perform during ongoing assessment of the treatment?

Monitor for appearance of adverse reactions

A client is admitted to the emergency department after having taken several barbiturates and drinking a pint of vodka. What is important for the nurse to continuously monitor for this client?

Monitor for respiratory depression

A client presents to the emergency department with a swollen, reddened, painful leg wound and has been diagnosed with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cellulitis. The health care provider has ordered a complete blood count and white cell differential. Which blood components would the provider most likely anticipate to be elevated?

Neutrophils

A nurse is preparing to administer primaquine therapy to a client. The nurse should anticipate administering the drug by which route?

ORAL

An older adult client must take a variety of medicines under different conditions and at different times of the day. The client's spouse is available to help most of the time. How can the couple best ensure that the client takes all medicines under the correct conditions?

Once a week, dispense all the medicines into a large, divided container

When applied topically to the eye, which drug produces dilation of the pupil without changing accommodation?

Phenylephrine

A client is taking an OTC allergy product. The nurse would expect to find that this product most likely contains:

Phenylephrine is a common agent found in many OTC cold and allergy products. Ephedra has been banned by the Food and Drug Administration as a drug. Neither epinephrine nor albuterol are found in OTC products.

A client's systemic fungal infection has not responded appreciably to conservative treatment so the client has been prescribed amphotericin B. What aspect of the client's pre-illness medication regimen should the nurse discuss with the provider?

Prednisone

The Golgi complex, or Golgi apparatus, consists of stacks of thin, flattened vesicles or sacs within the cell. These Golgi apparatus are found near the nucleus and function in association with the ER. What is one purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

Prepare hormones or other substances for secretion producing excretory granules.

A client who is hospitalized and receiving antiretroviral therapy has a nursing diagnosis of Risk for Injury related to weakness and dizziness. Which would be most appropriate for the nurse to do?

Provide for frequent rest periods.

A patient being treated for HIV with saquinavir informs the nurse they he has been "suffering from depression" and taking St. John's wort to help. What is important for the nurse to discuss with this patient?

Refraining from use of St. John's wort, which can cause decreased effectiveness of saquinavir

When administering the fusion protein inhibitor enfuvirtide, the nurse should include which technique to assure the medication's continued effectiveness?

Regularly rotate the subcutaneous injection sites that are used.

A patient has just received the first dose of imatinib and the nurse on the oncology unit is amending the patient's care plan accordingly. What nursing diagnosis is most appropriate in light of this addition to the patient's drug regimen?

Risk for Infection related to bone marrow suppression

A nurse is administering IV acyclovir to a client. The pharmacy sent the correct dose in an IV bag with the instructions to give over one hour. The nurse realizes that the dose was ordered to be administered 1 PM and it is now 1:45 PM. What should the nurse do?

Run the infusion as directed (over one hour) and note the time that it was started in the chart. Fill out any medication discrepancy reports that the institution requires when a medication is given late

Which recommendations should be made to a client being treated for trichomoniasis to prevent re-infection?

Sexual partners should be treated

A nurse is preparing to administer a client's prescribed anthelmintic medication. What diagnostic results should provide the rationale for the team's choice of medication?

Stool for ova and parasites

A patient is to start with chemotherapy. The patient is worried about going bald in the course of the treatment. How can the nurse assist the patient in being comfortable with his or her body image?

Suggest the use of a wig or cap

Phentolamine is the agent used to treat extravasation of dobutamine.

TRUE. Maintain phentolamine on standby in case extravasation occurs.

A postmenopausal woman with breast cancer will most likely be treated with which anti-estrogen drug?

Tamoxifen

When describing the various helminthic infections, which would an instructor include as being due to a cestode?

Tapeworm

The nurse is developing a care plan for a client who will receive donepezil in the home setting. How can the nurse best facilitate safe and effective administration of the medication?

Teach the client's caregiver to administer the medication in a timely and safe manner

An immigrant and his wife are both HIV positive. The physician prescribes antiretroviral medications. However, the client, tell the nurse he is concerned about his ability to afford the treatment. What advice can the nurse provide to the client to help begin the treatment?

The client can approach social agencies and pharmaceutical companies that provide antiretroviral drugs on compassionate grounds

An older adult client has been diagnosed with candidiasis and prescribed fluconazole. What aspect of the client's health status should warrant close monitoring by the nurse?

The client has atrial fibrillation and takes warfarin daily

A client tells the nurse that she has taken several doses of over-the-counter fluconazole to treat a "yeast infection." When assessing the client's risk for drug toxicity, what aspect of the client's health status should the nurse prioritize?

The client has decreased renal function following recent pyelonephritis

A patient tells the clinic nurse that they have been taking OTC Pepcid to relieve acid indigestion for several years. This is the first time the patient has ever reported this problem to a health care provider. Why should the patient share their use of Pepcid with their health care provider?

The drug could mask symptoms of a serious problem that is undiagnosed

A client has been prescribed the nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker, timolol for the treatment of open angle glaucoma. What instructions should the nurse provide to assure the effectiveness of the medication?

The proper method for instilling eye drops

A client with cancer is taking the prescribed dose of morphine sulfate and a family member informs the nurse that the client is extremely sedated. What finding by the nurse would indicate the causative factor of the increased sedation experienced by the client?

There is a bottle of St. John's wort the client is taking for depression

Which autacoids facilitate platelet aggregation?

Thromboxanes

The nurse is describing the necessity of recovery periods between treatment cycles to a client receiving chemotherapy. How should the nurse best explain the need?

Time is needed to replace many of the healthy body cells killed by chemotherapy

A client who is receiving primaquine comes to the clinic with nausea, vomiting, and vertigo. What other finding would the nurse expect to assess if the client was experiencing cinchonism?

Tinnitus

What is a tissue-invading worm infection caused by eating undercooked pork?

Trichinosis

A nurse is taking a history on a client new to the clinic. The client reports being allergic to penicillin. What additional information about this reported allergy would be important for the nurse to find out?

What reaction symptoms occurred

A female HIV-positive patient with a high CD4 count has been taking nevirapine (Viramune) for 9 weeks. What clinical manifestations indicate to the nurse that the patient is having complications from this medication?

Yellow sclera and hepatomegaly

A patient having chemotherapy is losing her hair. She asks the nurse if her hair will come back as it originally was. What is the best response by the nurse?

Your hair will grow back, but the new hair may be a different color or texture."

The nurse should have basic knowledge of drug classifications in order to administer medications safely to clients. What drug information is instrumental in determining nursing actions following drug administration?

adverse effects

A client has recently been prescribed a drug that treats hypertension by blocking the sympathetic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system. This action is characteristic of which?

an adrenergic antagonist

Which is a psychological factor affecting the body's response to a drug?

compliance

A client has been diagnosed with an infection. The nurse can help to ensure the success of anti-infective treatment by:

confirming that the medication prescribed is the drug of choice for the specific microorganism

The nurse is reviewing recent laboratory values for an older client prior to administration of tetracycline. Which finding would lead the nurse to hold the dose?

creatinine of 2.8 mg/dL (247.52 µmol/L) (high

The nurse is preparing to administer eye drops containing an anticholinergic preparation to a client prior to an eye examination. Before administration, the nurse explains that the eye drops will cause what pupil reaction?

dilatation

Which units of measure would a nurse expect to find when using the apothecary system?

drams apothecary system includes units such as grain, dram, ounce, minim, fluidram, and fluid ounce

A nurse is caring for older adult residents in a long-term care facility. Which assessment should be performed on a regular basis for clients who are prescribed amantadine?

falls

A new drug has been created by altering DNA. What process has been utilized to create this drug?

genetic engineering

A red blood cell placed in which solution would shrink as water moves out of the cell?

hypertonic

A client taking isoniazid is worried about the side effects/adverse reactions. The nurse tells the client that a common adverse reaction of isoniazid is which of the following?

jaundice

A nurse is instructing a client concerning a newly prescribed drug. What should be included to help improve client compliance and safety?

measures to alleviate any discomfort associated with adverse effects

A neonate's highly immature liver and resulting low levels of the enzyme cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) affects what aspect of pharmacokinetics?

metabolizes drugs in the liver

A client with heart failure has been prescribed a calcium channel blocker. The nurse is aware that this medication primarily affects what aspect of cardiac cell function?

permeability of the cell membrane

What is the branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease?

pharmacotherapeutics

The most important part of the cell that acts as a semipermeable structure that separates the intracellular and extracellular environments is the:

plasma membrane.

The pharmacology instructor explains to the students that adverse effects can be extensions of:

primary action of a drug

A client is informed of a need for extensive dental surgery. The dentist prescribes a course of antibiotic therapy before beginning the procedure and continuing for 5 days after the procedure. What is this is an example of?

prophylaxis

A client taking rivastigmine reports to the clinic nurse that she has been having gastrointestinal problems since she started the medication. The nurse will advise the client to do which?

take the medication with food

A client newly diagnosed with syphilis is allergic to penicillin. What medication should this client be prescribed?

tetracycline

A 21-year-old client is currently breastfeeding her 5 month-old infant. The client has been diagnosed with pinworms. What affect should the nurse anticipate when the client is prescribed anthelmintic medication for pinworms?

the client will be encouraged to stop breastfeeding while being treat

Although the numbers and virulence of microorganisms help determine whether a person acquires an infection, another major factor is:

the host's ability to defend itself against the would-be invaders

The nurse is describing the function of receptor sites in the cell membrane. The nurse explains that in order to effect change within the cell:

the receptor site must recognize the specific chemical.

A client who is a young adult was immunized against pertussis as a child and has now been exposed to the causative bacteria, Bordetella pertussis. The client's exposure to this bacteria will cause:

the release of IgG by memory B cells.

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is prescribed tetracycline. Which drug, if found being used by the client, would alert the nurse to the need for a decreased dosage of that drug?

warfarin