Pharm final
Which would NOT occur when nicotinic receptors are stimulated? (Mark all that apply.)
Signs and symptoms of a rest and digest reaction Muscle relaxation
A patient is admitted to the emergency room after a car accident. Based on the experience of the emergency room nurse, what system will affect a response to the emergency?
Autonomic nervous system
A patient is using his incentive spirometer during the postoperative period. The skeletal muscles during the use of the incentive spirometer are stimulated by which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
After teaching a group of students about the neurotransmitters involved in the autonomic nervous system, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which neurotransmitter as being released by the preganglionic nerves of the sympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic receptors would be found in which location?
Adrenal medulla
When describing the location of various receptors, what would be located in the urinary bladder?
Alpha-1
Which receptor is found in the beta cells of the pancreas?
Alpha-2
Nicotinic receptors are found in which area?
Autonomic basal ganglia
Which effect results from activation of beta2 receptors?
Bronchodilation
Which type of cells synthesize and store norepinephrine and epinephrine?
Chromaffin
Which is a component of the body's sympathetic response?
Decreased bowel sounds
The nursing instructor is explaining the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in influencing body functions. Which change in a patient's body functions would be directly related to the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreased heart rate
When assessing a patient, which would the nurse interpret as indicating stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system? (Select all that apply.)
Decreased heart rate Increased tearing Bronchoconstriction
Axons from the CNS neurons end in which structure?
Ganglia
Which would be included when describing the parasympathetic nervous system structure and function?
Ganglia are located close to or within the effector tissue. Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors are found in the parasympathetic nervous system.
The sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems are continuously at work in our bodies. This continual action provides a sense of balance to all parts of the body. What is the term used to represent this sense of balance?
Homeostasis
Which structure is responsible for the secretion of adrenocorticotropin hormone?
Hypothalamus
The adrenergic receptors are categorized as alpha or beta. Which action results from stimulation of alpha2 receptors?
Inhibited release of norepinephrine
The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing the role of neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system. Which would the instructor identify as the main adrenergic neurotransmitter?
Norepinephrine
The body uses tyrosine in the diet to make what substance?
Norepinephrine
A nurse administers a drug that stimulates alpha-1 receptors. What would most likely occur
Pupil dilation
Most of the free norepinephrine molecules are taken up by the nerve terminal that releases them in which process?
Reuptake
A famous magician is known for his outlandish feats, such as being underwater for 10 minutes while removing handcuffs. Some have postulated that he has control over his autonomic nervous system in ways that most people do not. What would be an example of an autonomic response he may have control over?
The rate of his heart beat
After teaching a group of students about the differences between the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, the instructor determines that the students have understood the information when they state
The sympathetic nervous system preganglionic fibers are short, while those in the parasympathetic nervous system are long.
In the sympathetic nervous system, which is the origin of central nervous system nerves?
Thoracic spinal cord
Norepinephrine is made by nerve cells using which substance?
Tyrosine
The functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be broadly described as:
activities designed to maintain a constant internal environment, to respond to stress or emergencies, and to repair body tissues.
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart causes:
an increased rate and force of myocardial contraction.
