Pharm Test 1: Legal and Ethical
phase 1-4 clinical trials
Phase 1: small number of people, normal subjects, this is the initial evaluation- tests pharmokinetics Phase 2: limited number of subjects with target disease, determines effectiveness and side effects Phase 3: large number of subjects, multiple centers, determine effectiveness, safety, dosage ranges Phase 4: post marketing surveillance
Authoritative sources to be used for looking up a drug before giving it
United States Pharmacopeia, Physicians Desk Reference, computerized database, nurse's drug handbook, manufactured drug cards
5 guideline for correct recording of medications
check all three names, action of drug, why is was ordered, check recommended dose/actual dose, consider allergies/side effects
components of a valid medication order
clients name, date order written, medication name, dosage, route, frequency, prescriber signature
physician's desk reference
commercially published compilation of manufacturers' prescribing information (package insert) on prescription drugs, updated annually.
Schedule 1-5 categories
highest to lowest potential to abuse Schedule 1 have no accepted medical use schedule 2 my lead to severe dependance ex) opioids put into place by the Controlled substance act of 1970
Stat orders
immediately
legal requirements for the safe administration of narcotics
must be prescribed from a licensed person, only a certain number of pills can be given at a time, have to be documented correctly
one time or single dose orders
only to be given once
Correct preparation of meds include
prepare meds in privacy and quiet, compare the med sheet (MAR used at bedside), calculate carefully, read label 3 times when pouring, only give drugs you prepare, ID patient 2 times, double check when questioned, record immediately, observe closely then record again
Nurse Practice Act
protects patients who need nursing care laws that ensure safe, competent nursing practice
5 plus 5 rights of drug administration
time, route, amount, medication, patient, evaluation, documentation, education, assessment, refusal
PRN orders
"as needed"
Three times a drug order must be checked before administering
1. compare MAR at storage, compare label to MAR as you prepare each drug, compare med label to MAR at bedside before giving the drug
Patient's rights to drug administration
5+5, patient must be educated and can refuse medication
USP ( united states pharmacopeia)
A publication, established in 1820, that contains legally recognized standards of identity, strength, quality, purity, packaging, and labeling for drug substances, dosage forms, and other therapeutic products, including nutritionals and dietary supplements
Standing orders
A standing order is a written instruction issued by a medical practitioner or dentist. It authorises a specified person or class of people (eg, paramedics, registered nurses) who do not have prescribing rights to administer and/or supply specified medicines and some controlled drugs
TPAPN
Texas Peer Assistance Program helps nurses with chemical dependency, confidential, allows nurses to get help without losing their license
