Pharm Test 1: Legal and Ethical

phase 1-4 clinical trials

Phase 1: small number of people, normal subjects, this is the initial evaluation- tests pharmokinetics Phase 2: limited number of subjects with target disease, determines effectiveness and side effects Phase 3: large number of subjects, multiple centers, determine effectiveness, safety, dosage ranges Phase 4: post marketing surveillance

Authoritative sources to be used for looking up a drug before giving it

United States Pharmacopeia, Physicians Desk Reference, computerized database, nurse's drug handbook, manufactured drug cards

5 guideline for correct recording of medications

check all three names, action of drug, why is was ordered, check recommended dose/actual dose, consider allergies/side effects

components of a valid medication order

clients name, date order written, medication name, dosage, route, frequency, prescriber signature

physician's desk reference

commercially published compilation of manufacturers' prescribing information (package insert) on prescription drugs, updated annually.

Schedule 1-5 categories

highest to lowest potential to abuse Schedule 1 have no accepted medical use schedule 2 my lead to severe dependance ex) opioids put into place by the Controlled substance act of 1970

Stat orders

immediately

legal requirements for the safe administration of narcotics

must be prescribed from a licensed person, only a certain number of pills can be given at a time, have to be documented correctly

one time or single dose orders

only to be given once

Correct preparation of meds include

prepare meds in privacy and quiet, compare the med sheet (MAR used at bedside), calculate carefully, read label 3 times when pouring, only give drugs you prepare, ID patient 2 times, double check when questioned, record immediately, observe closely then record again

Nurse Practice Act

protects patients who need nursing care laws that ensure safe, competent nursing practice

5 plus 5 rights of drug administration

time, route, amount, medication, patient, evaluation, documentation, education, assessment, refusal

PRN orders

"as needed"

Three times a drug order must be checked before administering

1. compare MAR at storage, compare label to MAR as you prepare each drug, compare med label to MAR at bedside before giving the drug

Patient's rights to drug administration

5+5, patient must be educated and can refuse medication

USP ( united states pharmacopeia)

A publication, established in 1820, that contains legally recognized standards of identity, strength, quality, purity, packaging, and labeling for drug substances, dosage forms, and other therapeutic products, including nutritionals and dietary supplements

Standing orders

A standing order is a written instruction issued by a medical practitioner or dentist. It authorises a specified person or class of people (eg, paramedics, registered nurses) who do not have prescribing rights to administer and/or supply specified medicines and some controlled drugs

TPAPN

Texas Peer Assistance Program helps nurses with chemical dependency, confidential, allows nurses to get help without losing their license