Pharmacology

Bupropion

Atypical antidepressant

Phenelzine

MAOI antidepressant

A nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a child who has asthma and a new prescription for a cromolyn sodium metered dose inhaler. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates the need for further teaching? a. "I will give my child a dose as soon as wheezing starts." b. "my child should rinse out his mouth after using the inhaler." c. "My child should exhale completely before placing the inhaler in his mouth." d. " If my child has difficulty breathing in the dose, a spacer can be used."

a. "I will give my child a dose as soon as wheezing starts."

A nurse is administering subcutaneous heparin to a client who is at risk for DVT. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. administer the medication into the client's abdomen b. inject the medication into a muscle c. massage the site after administering the medication d. use a 22 g needle to administer the medication

a. administer the medication into the client's abdomen - The nurse should apply firm pressure to the injection site after administration.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for tamoxifen. The nurse should recognize that tamoxifen has which of the following therapeutic effects? a. antiestrogenic b. antimicrobial c. androgenic d. anti-inflammatory

a. antiestrogenic Tamoxifen is an anti estrogen medication used to treat and prevent breast cancer

A nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who has major depressive disorder and a new prescription for Phenelzine. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the plan as safe for the client to consume while taking Phenelzine? a. broiled beef steak b. macaroni and cheese c. pepperoni pizza d. smoked salmon

a. broiled beef steak Phenelzine, an MAOI, is an antidepressant. this medication interacts with a variety of foods to produce a hypertensive crisis. Fresh meats do not interact with phenelzine and are safe to consume.

A nurse is providing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about administering morphine via IV bolus to a client. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? a. respiratory depression can occur 7 min after the morphine is administered b. the morphine will peak in 10 min c. withhold the morphine if the client has a RR less than 16/min d. administer the morphine over 2 min

a. respiratory depression can occur 7 min after the morphine is administered IV morphine peaks in 20 minutes. The nurse should withhold the morphine if the client has a RR less than 12/min. The nurse should administer it slowly over 4 to 5 min to prevent hypotension and respiratory depression.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has RA and a prescription for long-term prednisone therapy. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects? a. stress fractures b. orthostatic hypotension c. gingival ulcerations d. weight loss

a. stress fractures Clients who take prednisone are at risk for HTN and weight gain due to sodium and fluid retention. Prednisone can also lead to osteoporosis and stress fractures.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking Isoniazid and Rifampin for 3 weeks for the tx of active TB. the client reports his urine is an orange color. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. "Stop taking the isoniazid for 3 days and the discoloration should go away." b. "Rifampin can turn body fluids orange." c. "I'll make an appointment for you to see the provider this afternoon." d. "Isoniazid can cause bladder irritation."

b. "Rifampin can turn body fluids orange." A client who has active TB should not stop taking prescribed medication. Rifampin can cause body fluids such as sweat, tears, saliva, and urine to turn a reddish-orange color but this does not cause any harm.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who had a kidney transplant and has a prescription for oral cyclosporine. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. I will be able to stop taking this medication 6 months after my surgery b. I am likely to develop higher BP while taking this medication c. I am likely to lose my hair while taking this medication d. I am taking this medication to boost my immune system

b. I am likely to develop higher BP while taking this medication

A nurse is planning care for a client who has seizure disorder and a new prescription for valproic acid. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse plan to monitor? Select all that apply. a. BUN b. PTT c. AST d. UA e. ALT

b. PTT c. AST e. ALT Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant that can alter coagulation and life-threatening hepatotoxicity.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a positive TB skin test and is beginning a prescription for Isoniazid. the nurse should teach the client that which of the following laboratory values should be monitored while taking Isoniazid? a. TSH b. asperate aminotransferase c. K+ d. NA

b. asperate aminotransferase Isoniazid can be toxic to the liver.

A nurse is caring for a client who is at 28 weeks of gestation and is experiencing preterm labor. Which of the following medication should the nurse plan to administer? a. oxytocin b. nifedipine c. dinoprostone d. miosprostol

b. nifedipine CCB - it inhibits uterine contractions by blocking calcium into the uterine cells All other options induce labor.

A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving IV gentamicin three times daily. which of the following findings indicates that the client is experiencing an adverse effect of this medication? a. hypoglycemia b. proteinuria c. nasal congestion d. visual disturbances

b. proteinuria Gentamicin cause cause hypokalemia, apnea, and impaired hearing. Proteinuria is a manifestation of nephrotoxicity.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values for a client who is receiving a continuous IV heparin infusion and has an aPTT of 90 seconds. Which of the following actions should the nurse prepare to take? a. administer vitamin K b. reduce the infusion rate c. give the client a low-dose aspirin d. request an INR

b. reduce the infusion rate An aPTT of 90 seconds is outside the expected reference range of 60 to 80 seconds. the nurse should contact the provider, reduce the infusion rate, and assess the client for bleeding. Do not give this pt aspirin, it is a contraindication for a client who is receiving heparin.

A home health nurse is visiting an older adult client who has Alzheimer's disease. His caregiver tells the nurse she has been administering prescribed Lorazepam, 1 mg three times per day, to the client for restlessness and anxiety during the past few days. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse assess the client for? a. low-grade fever b. sedation c. diuresis d. tonic-clonic seizures

b. sedation Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine with anti-anxiety and sedative effects. Older adults clients are especially at risk for CNS depression even with low doses of benzodiazepines.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for clopidogrel. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? a. insomnia b. hypotension c. bleeding b. constipation

c. bleeding (Plavix) - antiplatelet - used to prevent stenosis of coronary stents, MIs, and strokes Clopidogrel can cause dizziness, headache, diarrhea and hypertension. The nurse should monitor for coffee ground emesis, black tarry stools, ecchymosis, or any indication of bleeding.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a new prescription for amitriptyline to treat depression. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse plan to perform prior to starting the client on this medication? a. hearing examination b. glucose tolerance test c. electrocardiogram d. pulmonary function tests

c. electrocardiogram Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that can cause tachycardia and ECG. Amitriptyline can also cause blurred vision.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for enalapril. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication? a. ecchymosis b. jaundice c. hypotension d. hypokalemia

c. hypotension Ace inhibitor Enalapril can cause a decrease in Hgb and Hct, but does not alter platelets. It can cause kidney failure, not liver failure. It can cause hyperkalemia.

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who reports fatigue and cold intolerance. The client has an increased TSH level and a decreased total T3 and T4 level. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications? a. methimazole b. somatropin c. levothyroxine d. propylthiouracil

c. levothyroxine Clinical manifestations for hypothyroidism include fatigue, cold intolerance, and a decreased body temperature and pulse.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for chlorothiazide to treat HTN. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? a. thrombophlebitis b. hyperactive reflexes c. muscle weakness d. hypoglycemia

c. muscle weakness Chlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat HTN and CHF. It promotes excretion of water, sodium, potassium, and can cause hypokalemia. Manifestation of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, hypoactive reflexes, muscle cramps, and dysrhythmias. Chlorothiazide can also cause hyperglycemia and hypercalcemia

A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about contraindications to ceftriaxone. The nurse should include a severe allergy to which of the following medications as a contraindication to ceftriaxone? a. gentamicin b. clindaymycin c. piperacillin d. sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim

c. piperacillin Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic, so you need to check for allergies to penicillin and cephalosporins

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has chronic kidney failure with an Av fistula for HD and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. Which of the following therapeutic effects of protein alfa should the nurse include in the teaching? a. reduced blood pressure b. inhibits clotting of fistula c. promotes RBC production d. stimulates growth of neutrophils

c. promotes RBC production -Epoetin alfa can cause hypertension, can cause clot formation, and stimulates eryhtorpoisis in the bone marrow to increase RBC production and reduce anemia.

A nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client is to be on long-term oral prednisone for asthma. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the plan? a. stop taking the medication if a rash occurs b. take the medication of an empty stomach to enhance absorption c. schedule the medication on alternate days to decrease adverse effects d. treat SOB with an extra dose of the medication

c. schedule the medication on alternate days to decrease adverse effects Adverse effects caused by long-term glucocorticoid therapy can include suppression of the adrenal gland.

A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and is taking oral furosemide 40 mg daily. For which of the following adverse effects should the client be taught to monitor and notify the provider if it occurs? a. nasal congestion b. tremors c. tinnitus d. frontal headache

c. tinnitus Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can cause ototoxicity. the client should be taught to notify the provider if tinnitus, a full feeling in the ears, or hearing loss occurs

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a UTI and new prescriptions for phenazopyridine and ciprofloxacin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the need for further teaching? a. "If the phenazopyridine upsets my stomach, I can take it with meals." b. "The phenazpyridine will relieve my discomfort, but the ciprofloxacin will get rid of the infection." c. "I need to drink 2 L of fluid per day while I am taking the ciprofloxacin." d. "I should notify my provider immediately if my urine turns an orange color."

d. "I should notify my provider immediately if my urine turns an orange color."

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg PO daily to treat HTN. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? a. "Take hydrochlorothiazide as needed for edema." b. "Check your weight once each week." c. "Take the hydrochlorothiazide on an empty stomach." d. "Take the hydrochlorothiazide in the morning."

d. "Take the hydrochlorothiazide in the morning." The client should take hydrochlorothiazide on a regular basis and check his weight daily to monitor for edema. The client should take hydrochlorothiazide with food to reduce gastric distress and take it in the am to allow for diuresis during the day and prevent nocturia.

A nurse is caring for a client who has peptic ulcer disease and reports a headache. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer? a. ibuprofen b. naproxen c. aspirin d. acetaminophen

d. acetaminophen Aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen are NSAIDS that act as anti platelets and can increase the risk fo GI irritation and hemorrhage.

A nurse is caring for a client who has congestive heart failure and is taking Digoxin. The client reports nausea and refused to eat breakfast. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. encourage the client to eat the toast on the tray b. administer the antiemetic c. inform the client's provider d. check the client's apical pulse

d. check the client's apical pulse Nausea, anorexia, fatigue, visual effects, and cardiac dysrhythmias, often caused by a slow pulse rate, are possible findings in digoxin toxicity.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. The nurse should instruct the client that lactulose has which of the following therapeutic effects? a. increases blood pressure b. prevents esophageal bleeding c. decreases heart rate d. reduces ammonia levels

d. reduces ammonia levels Lactulose is a laxative

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is to start taking Hydrochlorothiazide for HTN. The nurse instructs the client to eat foods rich in potassium. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. this medication will not work unless I have enough potassium b. potassium will increase the therapeutic effect c. Potassium will lower my BP d. this medication can cause a loss of potassium

d. this medication can cause a loss of potassium Foods high in potassium include bananas, raisins, baked potatoes, pumpkins, and milk