Pharmacology - Chapter 21 - Antineoplastic Drugs

an abnormal mass of tissue as a result of neoplasia. Neoplasia is the abnormal proliferation of cells

A Neoplasm is __?

1. inflammation 2. autoimmune conditions 3. transplants

A common combination of drugs used with antineoplastics is used in treatment of what?

reacting with DNA in all cycles of the cell which prevents reproduction

Alkylating agents contain alkyl radicals which work by:

managing & preventing breast cancer

Tamoxifen when used as an antineoplastic agent works by:

1500

The Absolute neutrophil count must be above ___ in order to begin or continue chemo treatment.

1. *G-1* = (gap 1) postmitotic or pre-DNA synthesis 2. *S* =DNA synthesis 3. *G-2* = (gap 2) premitotic or post DNA synthesis 4. *M* = Mitosis 5. (*G-0* = resting stage-cells are not in the process of dividing)

The Mechanism of Action for antineoplastic agents is __? (i.e. the reproductive cycle of a cell has which stages?)

Drugs, radiation and surgery

The Three modalities of cancer treatment are __?

1. Alkylating agents 2. Antibiotics 3. Cisplatin 4. Nitrosoureas

The cell cycle non-specific categories for antineoplastics drugs are:

1. Antimetabolites 2. Bleomycin 3. Vinca alkaloids 4. Podophyllin

The cell-cycle specific categories for antineoplastics drugs are:

depends on the site of action & mechanism of action (i.e. divided by how they work)

The classification for antineoplastics drugs is divided into groups how?

1. Alkylating agents 2. Antimetabolites 3. Plant alkaloids 4. Antibiotics

The different types of antineoplastic agents are divided generally how?

interfere with the metabolism of reproductive cycle of the tumor cells, thereby destroying them

The efficacy of antineoplastic agents is based primarily on their ability to __?

moderate

The neoplastic disease of Kaposi's Sarcoma (AIDS) has a ___ sensitivity to chemotherapy

Antineoplastic Agents

These Destroy and prevent the spread of malignant cells.

early side effects of antineoplastics

Because the cell of the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and hair follicles are amount the faster growing tissues the ___ are associated with these tissues.

Monitor WBC count, platelets, & bleeding times.

Before dental treatment of a patient always be sure to __?

1. Rheumatoid arthritis, 2. Psoriasis, 3. S. Lupus

Besides malignancies, which other areas do antineoplastic drugs treat?

a heavy metal complex of platinum that is cell cycle non-specific

Cisplatin is __?

reproduction of neoplastic cells

Combinations of drugs with widely different mechanisms of action are used to inhibit __ in all phases.

interfere with the neoplastic cells by suppressing growth

How are Antineoplastic Agents used?

interfering w/RNA synthesis

Hydroxyurea when used as an antineoplastic agent works by:

1. De novo resistance 2. Acquired resistance

Resistance to chemotherapy occurs by either of the following methods:

1. Bone marrow suprression 2. Osteonecrosis-94% of these have been in CA pts 3. GI effects 4. Dermatologic effects 5. Hepatoxicity/nephrotoxicity 6. Neurologic effects 7. Immunosuppression 8. Germ cells 9. Oral effects

Some adverse drug reactions to antineoplastic agents are:

supressing lymphocytes in leukemias and lymphomas and in combination therapies

Steriods when used as an antineoplastic agent works by:

True

T/F Rapidly growing cells are more susceptible to inhibition or destruction by antineoplastic agents than slow growing cells?

True

T/F a neoplasm can be either benign or malignant?

S

This cell phase represents DNA synthesis.

M

This cell phase represents mitosis.

G-1

This cell phase represents the postmitotic or pre-DNA synthesis of a cell.

G-2

This cell phase represents the premitotic or post DNA synthesis.

G-O

This cell phase represents the resting stage-cells are not in the process of dividing

1. Acute Leukemia 2. Breast cancer 3. Hodgins Disease 4. Wilms tumor 5. Oat cell

Which neoplastic diseases have a high sensitivity to chemotherapy?

1. Liver 2. Pancreatic 3. Lung 4. Renal 5. Melanoma

Which neoplastic diseases have a low sensitivity to chemotherapy?

killing more cells

Mixing several chemotherapeutic agents can increase the chance of ___ because they work by different mechanisms and have different adverse reactions.

being mitotic inhibitors and act by arresting cell in metaphase

Plant Alkaloids work by:

interuppting the cell cyle at the G- Stage

Predinose when used as an antineoplastic agent works by:

producing chromosomal breakage

Procarbazine when used as an antineoplastic agent works by:

natural mutations

Acquired resistance occurs through __?

cell-cyle nonspecific and are effective for solid tumors

Antibiotics when used as an antineoplastic agent work by:

attacking the cells in the S period of reproduction by interfering with purine or pyrimidine synthesis

Antimetabolites work by:

malignancies

Antineoplastic Drugs are Designed to treat __?

Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents

Antineoplastic Drugs are also known as __?

the neoplasm was always resistant to the chemo agents

De novo resistance means that __?

during all cycles including the resting cycle

If a antineoplastic agent is labeled as "cell cycle non-specific" it can be effective when?

only at specific phases of cellular growth

If a antineoplastic agent is labeled as "cell cycle specific" it is effective when?

G-o

In some tumors, which cell cycle makes the cells difficult to reach and destroy?

blood & bone marrow

You should always time dental tx with drug therapy to maximize __ functions.