Pharmacology exam 1 prep U

B. therapeutic uses

Drugs are classified according to what features? A. name B. Therapeutic uses C. side effects D. actions

D. disease

A 75-year-old client with diabetes had an ankle wound that became infected. An intramuscular injection of a low concentration of ampicillin in saline solution was absorbed very quickly, and the infection was controlled. Which factor was most likely responsible for the quick absorption? A. age-related physiology B.drug concentration C. classification of drug D. disease

A. Check to determine whether the drug can be crushed or mixed with food.

A client is experiencing difficulty swallowing a large oral tablet. What action by the nurse would be most appropriate? A. Check to determine whether the drug can be crushed or mixed with food. B. Ask the prescriber to change the medication to a parenteral form. C. Have the client drink a large glass of water to aid in swallowing. D. Contact the pharmacy to order the drug in liquid form.

A. GI function B. Blood flow to the site of administration C. The presence of other drugs D. Route of administration

A client tells the nurse, "I took my sleeping pill yesterday evening, but it didn't seem to work for me like it usually does." The nurse should consider which variable that can affect drug absorption? Select all that apply. A. GI function B. Blood flow to the site of administration C. The presence of other drugs D. Route of administration E. The presence of receptor agonists

A. Drug therapy in children requires special considerations because of the child's size, developmental level, and organ function.

A mother asks why she cannot use adult dosages of over-the-counter (OTC) medication for her 11-year-old child. Which explanation best demonstrates the nurse's understanding of the importance of the mother's question? A. Drug therapy in children requires special considerations because of the child's size, developmental level, and organ function. B. It is a generally safe practice to give an 11-year-old half of the suggested adult dosage. C. Children younger than 16 years of age should never be given OTC medications. D. Drug therapy for neonates, infants, and children is prescribed based upon age.

B. "Discuss this with your care provider, but you'll likely be able to keep taking it."

A newly pregnant client has been taking a category A drug for several years. What should the nurse instruct the client about this drug? A. "Your care provider will work with you to see if the risks of taking the drug outweigh the benefits." B. "Discuss this with your care provider, but you'll likely be able to keep taking it." C. "You likely won't be able to take the drug until you've given birth." D. "Your care provider will likely withhold the drug until you've stopped breastfeeding."

A. category X

A nurse is to administer several drugs. A drug belonging to which class would the nurse interpret as being contraindicated for a pregnant woman? A. category X B. category A C. category B D. category C

B. possible drug-drug interactions that might occur

A nurse notes new drug orders for a client who is already getting several medications. Which is the most important consideration when preparing to administer the new drugs? A. how the client will feel about new medications added to the drug therapy B. possible drug-drug interactions that might occur C. any special nursing considerations that the nurse must be aware of D. if generic preparations of the drugs can be used

C. Place pills in a daily or weekly pillbox organized according to hours of the day or mealtimes.

A nurse who is working with an older adult who takes eight medications a day wants to promote medication adherence. Which nursing intervention would best promote medication adherence? A. Reinforce the need for medication adherence B. Refill prescription medication when the last dose is taken. C. Place pills in a daily or weekly pillbox organized according to hours of the day or mealtimes. D. Ask for regular caps for all medication bottles to facilitate ease of access.

C. intravenous

A post-surgical client rates the pain at 10/10. The nurse confirms that there are standing orders for the administration of opioid analgesics as needed. What route of administration should the nurse choose to achieve the fastest effect? A. oral B. subcutaneous C. intravenous D. intramuscular

C. Receptor site

An instructor is describing a specific area on a cell membrane where most drugs are thought to act. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify this area as what? A. Lock B. Enzyme system C. Receptor site D. Agonist

A. first-pass effect C. active transport D. half-life E. biotransformation

What are the elements of the pharmacokinetic phase of drug activity? (Select all that apply.) A. first-pass effect B. alterations in cellular environment C. active transport D. half-life E. biotransformation

A. "Both tolerance and physical dependence develop over time." B. "When you become tolerant to the medication, you require more to achieve the same result." C. "The rate at which a person develops a tolerance is dependent upon the individual, the amount of medication the person is receiving, and whether the person is receiving pills or shots." D. "Tolerance can develop quickly and a person may need larger doses every few weeks in order to experience relief, whereas someone else may experience relief with the same dosage throughout the entire course of the illness."

During an assessment, a client says, "I am in a great deal of pain but I am afraid of becoming addicted to the medication I'm receiving." Which statements could the nurse use to educate the client on the difference between tolerance and physical dependence? (Select all that apply.) A. "Both tolerance and physical dependence develop over time." B. "When you become tolerant to the medication, you require more to achieve the same result." C. "The rate at which a person develops a tolerance is dependent upon the individual, the amount of medication the person is receiving, and whether the person is receiving pills or shots." D. "Tolerance can develop quickly and a person may need larger doses every few weeks in order to experience relief, whereas someone else may experience relief with the same dosage throughout the entire course of the illness." E. "Physical dependence is when larger doses of a medication are needed to achieve the same level of pain relief. Tolerance is when the body undergoes adverse reactions (i.e., withdrawal) once the medication is stopped."

C. educating clients about drug therapy

What factor does the nurse understand is the key safeguard in drug therapy? A. making sure that each facility has bar code scanning capabilities B. making sure that the right medication is given to the right client C. educating clients about drug therapy D. checking for allergies in a client prior to giving a medication

C. prescription D. nonprescription E. Controlled substances

The Food and Drug Administration assigns newly approved drugs to which categories? (Select all that apply.) A. nutraceuticals B. noncontrolled substance C. prescription D. nonprescription E. controlled substance

B. "It is important to tell your provider all medications you take, including OTC." C. "OTC medications could mask or hide signs and symptoms of a disease." A. "OTC medications can interact with prescription medications."

The client asks the nurse, "Is it safe to take over-the-counter (OTC) medications with prescription medications?" What are appropriate responses by the nurse? Select all that apply. A. "OTC medications can interact with prescription medications." B."It is important to tell your provider all medications you take, including OTC." C. "OTC medications could mask or hide signs and symptoms of a disease." D. "You should avoid taking any OTC medication when taking prescription drugs." E. "Taking OTC medications can make your prescription medication more effective."

B. The pharmacy where the client fills the prescription will not substitute a generic drug.

The client looks at the prescription provided by the doctor and asks the nurse about the notation "DAW." What implication of this notation should the nurse explain? A. The prescription will be filled once the pharmacy is informed of the prescriber's DEA number. B. The pharmacy where the client fills the prescription will not substitute a generic drug. C. The drug falls under the purview of the DEA's Drug Action Watch program. D. The drug is associated with a high risk of adverse effects.

A. "Drugs often have an effect on other drugs so it is important to know what you take before I give you any additional medications."

The nurse admits a client who has a known history of recreational drug use. The client denies it during the nursing assessment. How should the nurse best explain the need for full disclosure when obtaining the client's medication history? A. "Drugs often have an effect on other drugs so it is important to know what you take before I give you any additional medications." B. "In order to treat you successfully, I have to know what illegal drugs you are taking." C. "I suspect you are taking medications that you aren't telling me about and that could be very dangerous." D."I have a professional obligation to find out every drug that you're taking."

A. "I shouldn't alter the dosage without first contacting my doctor."

The nurse has just finished teaching an 82-year-old client about the oral medications prescribed by the physician. Which statement might suggest that the client understands proper use of the medication? A. "I shouldn't alter the dosage without first contacting my doctor." B. "If I miss a few doses of my hypertension medication, I should take an extra dose for a few days." C. "If I suddenly run out of my prescription, I can take an alternative medication." D. "I can still take my medications after the expiration dates."

A. Determine the client's level of education.

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who will be discharged home with several new medications. When preparing the teaching session, what is the nurse's best action? A. Determine the client's level of education. B. Make copies of medication package inserts for the client. C. Ask the client if he or she would like to receive information on the new medications. D. Administer the medications as a way of prompting discussion.

A. "When are you taking your medication?"

The nurse is providing care for a client who has been prescribed a diuretic to treat hypertension. The client states that the effects of the drug are problematic, causing the client to wake up numerous times during the night to urinate. What assessment question should the nurse prioritize? A. "When are you taking your medication?" B. "What is the dosage of your medication?" C. "Have you increased your fluid intake since starting the drug?" D. "Are you taking any herbal medicines?"

A. "I will make sure to store the medications in the bathroom medicine chest."

The nurse is teaching a client about the drug therapy regimen before being discharged. The nurse is emphasizing safety in the home setting. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching? A. "I will make sure to store the medications in the bathroom medicine chest." B. "I'll keep a written record of all medicines, prescription or otherwise, that I take." C. "I need to take the medicines like the health care provider said, before each meal and at bedtime." D. "The drugs that the health care provider prescribed are used to control my blood pressure."

A. decreased renal blood flow B. decreased glomerular function D. decreased tubular secretion

The nurse understands that normal age-related changes occur with drug administration, and drugs that are excreted by the kidney may have to be given in smaller doses. What are the normal age-related changes in excretion of drugs? (Select all that apply.) A. decreased renal blood flow B. decreased glomerular function C. decreased hepatic blood flow D. decreased tubular secretion E. decreased serum albumin

A. decreased absorption surface B. decreased gastrointestinal (GI) motility C. increased gastric pH E. decreased blood flow

The nurse understands that when administering drug therapy to older clients there are normal age-related absorption changes. How is absorption affected in the older client? (Select all that apply.) A. decreased absorption surface B. decreased gastrointestinal (GI) motility C. increased gastric pH D. decreased glomerular function E. decreased blood flow

A. critical concentration.

The serum lithium levels of a client with bipolar disorder have risen to the minimum level required to have a therapeutic effect. This client's serum lithium levels have achieved: A. critical concentration. B. dynamic equilibrium. C. a stable half-life. D. benefits of active transport.

A. provision of comfort B. drug administration C. client education

What nursing interventions are used in drug therapy? (Select all that apply.) A. provision of comfort B. drug administration C. client education D. identification of a problem E. collection of data

A. distribution to the site where the drug is active B. biotransformation C. absorption from site where the drug enters the body D. excretion from the body

What physiologic processes contribute to the achievement of dynamic equilibrium when a nurse administers a drug? Select all that apply. A. distribution to the site where the drug is active B. biotransformation C. absorption from site where the drug enters the body D. excretion from the body E. interaction with other drugs

B. kidneys

What plays the largest role in drug excretion? A. skin B. kidneys C. feces D. lungs

D. Generic drugs must be therapeutically equivalent to brand name drugs.

What statement describes a required characteristic of all generic drugs? A. Generic drugs are required to be protected by a current American patent. B. Generic drugs are designated and patented exclusively by the manufacturer. C. Generic drugs are categorized according to overall usefulness and potential for abuse. D. Generic drugs must be therapeutically equivalent to brand name drugs.

E. The client will comply with the drug regimen. D. The client will effectively manage the therapeutic regimen. A. The client will demonstrate understanding of the drug regimen.

Which are common expected client outcomes related to drug administration? Select all that apply. A. The client will demonstrate understanding of the drug regimen. B. The client will not show signs of a relapse. C. The client will maintain adequate nutrition. D. The client will effectively manage the therapeutic regimen. E. The client will comply with the drug regimen.

B. The drug is lipid soluble. C. The drug has a transport system.

Which characteristics may allow a drug to cross the blood-brain barrier? Select all that apply. A. The drug is water soluble. B. The drug is lipid soluble. C. The drug has a transport system. D. The drug is available for intravenous administration. E. The drug is metabolized by the central nervous system (CNS).

C. body weight

Which factor has the most significant effect on a child's response to the administration of a medication? A. gender B. ethnicity C. body weight D. diet

B. Higher drug concentration in the circulatory system C. Drug given by a subcutaneous route versus an intramuscular route D. A disease that alters the stomach and small intestine lining

Which factors will decrease the rate of drug absorption? Select all that apply. A. Increased blood flow rate B. Higher drug concentration in the circulatory system C. Drug given by a subcutaneous route versus an intramuscular route D. A disease that alters the stomach and small intestine lining

D. Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962

Which legislative act allowed the FDA to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established? A. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 B. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 C. Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1951 D. Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962

B. The time needed for the serum level to fall by 50%

Which phrase accurately describes the concept of a medication's serum half-life? A. The time required for IV medications to penetrate the brain tissue B. The time needed for the serum level to fall by 50% C. The safest margin to prevent toxicity D. The dose adjustment that reduces the risk of adverse effects by one half