PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 PART 1
What information should the nurse include when discussing sun protection with parents of young children?
" Apply SPF 30 sunscreen before going out in the sun."
The nurse is educating a client newly diagnosed with a urinary tract infection about the prescribed phenazopyridine hydrochloride. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for dither clarification?
" I should report reddish- orange urine immediately to the prescriber. "
A teenager asks the nurse how tetracycline will improve the acne. Which statement should the nurse provide to the client regarding the action of tetracycline?
" Tetracycline interferes with the production of free fatty acids."
A client is taking oral amoxicillin to treat otitis media for the past 6 days. The client has told the nurse that "my ear is now back to normal" and asks about stopping the antibiotics. How could the nurse respond?
" That's excellent that you're feeling better, but its important to keep taking the antibiotics until they're all finished."
A client diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and begun multi-drug therapy. The client has asked the nurse why is it necessary to take several different drugs. How should the nurse respond to the client's question?
" The use of multiple drugs prevents the development of drug-resistant TB."
What health education should the nurse provide to a client prior to the instillation of atropine eyedrops?
" These drops might sting a little bit, and they will make you temporarily sensitive to light."
A client diagnosed with a tumor of the spinal cord is prescribed a corticosteroid. What statement by the client demonstrates an accurate understanding of this treatment?
" This drug won't cure my cancer, but it may help me feel much better."
What Administration instructions should the nurse provide to the parents of a 4- year old child prescribed a neomycin-polymyxin B- hydrocortisone combination drug for otitis media in the right ear?
"Place three drops into the right ear four times a day."
A client receiving isoniazid (INH) and rifampin has a decreased urinary output and decreased sensation in his or her great toes. Which laboratory values should be assessed?
ALT and AST
What over-the-counter (OTC) medication is most likely to be safe and effective in the treatment of pain and fever associated with otitis media?
Alternating doses of acetaminophen and ibuprofen
A nurse is caring for an adult client diagnosed with bacterial sinusitis. The nurse has cautioned the client against taking prescribed oral erythromycin together with antacids. What is the basis of this instructions?
Antacids decrease the absorption of the drug
The nurse prepares to administer tetracycline 500 mg PO every 6 hours to an adult client newly diagnosed with Lyme's disease. The client takes an oral contraceptive for birth control. Which measures would the nurse provide for safe effective drug administration? Select all that apply.
Assess baseline renal and hepatic profiles, complete blood count, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), Instruct client about the importance of wearing sunscreen and protective clothing when in the sun while taking the drugs, Report serve nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, rash, or perineal itching to the prescriber.
Which medication can be applied to the lesion related to a bacterial skin infection?
Bacitracin
A client previously experienced an anaphylactic reaction to penicillin G. Which medication should not be administered to this client due to the potential for cross-sensitivity?
Cefadroxil
Which drug is a first- generation cephalosporin used as a surgical prophylaxis?
Cefazolin
Which is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis associated with a vaginal hysterectomy?
Cefazolin sodium
The nurse prepares to administer amoxicillin to an adult client newly diagnosed with acute otitis media in the right ear. Which measures would the nurse provide for safe and effective drug administration? Select all that apply.
Check for possible drug interactions and report to prescriber, Report sudden onset of rash, wheezing, or shortness of breath, Assess for improvement of otalgia, otorrhea, and improvement of hearing
A child who has not received the chickenpox vaccine has developed the chickenpox virus. THe child has itching related to the chickenpox pustules. What herbal preparations should the nurse suggest when asked about interventions to decrease itching triggered by chickenpox pustules?
Colloidal oatmeal
What ocular condition is generally treated with a prescription for ciprofloxacin eyedrops?
Conjunctivitis
A nurse preparing to administer a client's first scheduled dose to Tetracycline should first ensure that the client has not recently eaten what type of foods?
Dairy products
A client has been prescribed ciprofloxacin IV for the treatment of cellulitis. After initiating the infusion of the client's first scheduled dose, the client develops a pronounced rash on the chest and arms. How should the nurse respond initially to this event?
Discontinue the infusion and inform the care provider promptly
A youngster has just returned home from the family's tropical vacation and is now reporting worsening tenderness in the right ear. When the child is diagnosed with otitis external, what causative of this infection should the nurse focus upon?
Frequent swimming and water sports while the child was on vacation
What potential adverse reaction is most likely to develop during cefazolin therapy?
Gastrointestinal upset
The client with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is at risk for what ocular condition?
Glaucoma
A client is administered a third-generation cephalosporin. The broad- spectrum agents like cephalosporins are most effective in treating which types of microorganisms?
Gram negative
The nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin when the client mentions having experienced diminished heating. What action should the nurse take based on this statement?
Hold the dosage and notify the health care provider of the alteration in hearing
A client is diagnosed with a gram- negative infection and is prescribed an aminoglycoside. What is the action of an aminoglycoside?
It blocks protein synthesis of the cell wall
How does adding a beta- lactamase inhibitor agent help achieve a therapeutic effect when prescribed for otitis media?
It extends the spectrum of antibacterial activity of penicillin
A client is prescribed pencilling V orally for a strep throat. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?
It inhibits cell wall synthesis.
A client has been prescribed once-daily aminoglycoside. What is the advantage of this method of administration?
It reduces the risk of nephrototoxicity
What is the rationale for not administering tetracycline to children under the age of 8 years?
It will interfere with enamel development.
An adult client has begun treatment with fluconazole. The nurse should recognize the need to likely discontinue the drug if the client develops which sign or symptom?
Jaundice
The nurse prepares to administer gentamicin intravenous every 8 hours to an older adult client which intervention should the nurse provide to decrease nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity? Select all that apply.
Obtain baseline assessment of cranial nerve eight and periodic measurements during therapy, Monitor estimated creatinine clearance and BUN at baseline and periodically during therapy, Provide the client with 2 to 3 L of non caffeinated oral fluids daily, unless contraindicated.
When acetylsalicyle acid is administered in low doses, it blocks the synthesis of thromboxane A2. What physiologic effect results from this action?
Platelet aggregation is inhibited
What microorganism is the most likely cause of necrotizing otitis externa?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A client, being treated in the intensive care unit, has been diagnosed with ventilator associated pneumonia. Culture and sensitivity testing of the client's sputum indicates that erythromycin is a treatment option. Which nursing assess is most appropriate to rule our contraindication for medication therapy?
Review lab results to confirm normal liver function.
A young adult client's acne has responded well to treatment with Tetracycline. However, the client has now returned to the clinical 6 weeks later with signs and symptoms of oral candidiasis. The nurse should recognize that this client's current health problem is likely attributable to which occurrence?
Superinfection following the eradication of normal oral flora
What aspect of a client's history would contraindicate imipenem- cilastatin drug therapy?
The client has a document allergy to penicillin
Why is concomitant use of erythromycin and corticosteroids contraindicated?
The client may be unable to adequately metabolize the corticosteroid.
A client with a diagnosis of breast cancer is administered a corticosteroid in addition to chemotherapy agents. What effect will the corticosteroids have on this client's course of recovery?
The corticosteroid will decrease signs and symptoms of cancer.
A 4- year old was diagnosed with acute otitis media and began a course of oral amoxicillin.The parent has contacted the clinic and states tat there has been no significant improvement in the child's ear infection since beginning oral amoxicillin 3 days ago. The nurse should consider which explanation for this phenomenon?
The ear infection has a viral etiology.
A client, diagnosed with a genitourinary infection, is being treated with a fluoroquinolone. What is the advantage of a fluoroquinolone over an aminoglycoside?
The fluoroquinolone can be given orally.
An adult client has been prescribed oral prednisone for the treatment of an acute dermatological condition. When teaching this client about this course of treatment, what teaching point should the nurse emphasize?
The importance of gradually reducing rather than abruptly stopping the drug
A client, being treated for latent tuberculosis (TB) on an out-client basis, tells the nurse, "I've been feeling pretty good lately, so I haven't actually been all that consistent with taking my drugs. " Subsequent health education by the nurse should focus on what subject?
The need to consistently take the prescribed drugs in order to cure TB
Which client has the highest risk of developing ototoxicity secondary to gentamicin?
a man who has required repeated courses of gentamicin over the past several months
Which is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?
acetylcysteine
A child has symptoms of influenza, including a fever. Which medication should not be administered to the child because of risk of Reye's syndrome?
acetylsalicylic acid
A client is being treated for a urinary tract infection trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. What assessment should the nurse make prior to the administration of the medication?
assessing for renal insufficiency
A client is prescribed ibuprofen for knee pain. When the client is admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain, which assessment should the nurse prioritize?
assessment for occult blood
A nurse in instructing a client on the antibiotic regimen for the treatment of pneumonia. Which statement is most important to share with the client?
complete the entire prescription of medication
A client is to be started on an antibiotic. Which factor is most important to take into consideration before beginning the antibiotic regimen?
culture and sensitivity
What is the expected results of timolol maleate therapy?
decreased intraocular pressure (IOP)
An older adult client is assessed in the clinic for signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis related to pneumococci. Which sulfonamide that will most likely be prescribed?
doxycycline
A woman is seen in the clinic for treatment of vaginal itching and discharge. The nurse should be prepared to provided the client with information concerning which single dose medication?
fluconazole
The presence of what eye disorder would cause the nurse to question prescription of dexamethasone eyedrops?
fungal infection
What eye disorder would contraindicate long-term use of ophthalmic corticosteroids?
glaucome
A client is admitted to the emergency department with a suspected overdose of acetaminophen. What adverse effect is the most common is acute or chronic overdose of acetaminophen?
hepatotoxicity
A resident of a skilled nursing facility develops methicillin-resistant. Staphylococcus aureus. What type of infection has this person developed?
hospital- acquired infection
A client is receiving hydrocortisone 40 mg PO daily for treatment of severe autoimmune inflammation. Which nursing intervention is the most important to implement?
implement infection control measure
An adult client with an autoimmune disorder regularly takes oral corticosteroids. The nurse knows that corticosteroids can be used in the successful treatment of inflammation but that they also create a risk for:
infection
A client is prescribed acetylsalicylic acid for fever and headache. What is the action of acetylicyle acid?
inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central and peripheral nervous system
Which medication will be administered for the treatment of salicylate overdose?
intravenous sodium bicarbonate
A client being treated for tuberculosis (TB) is determined to be drug resistant. Which medication no longer be effective in the treatment of the tuberculosis?
isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF)
A client is allergic to acetylsalicylic acid. Which medication is contraindicated due to cross-hypersensitivity reactions?
naproxen sodium
A client, diagnosed with tuberculosis, will soon being first-line drug treatment. How will rifampin most likely be administered to this client?
orally, on an empty stomach
Necrotizing otitis externa has the potential to progress to which condition?
osteomyelitis
A group of nursing students are learning about the factors that underlie recent increases in the incidence and prevalence of antibiotic- resistant microorganisms. What factor is known to contribute to antibiotic resistance?
overuse of antibiotics
When administering anoles in the home setting, the home health nurse should prioritize educational intervention that address what nursing diagnosis?
risk for infection related to antifungal therapy
The nurse, providing education to a client prescribed erythromycin, recognizes a need for additional instruction when the client makes which suggestion? Select all that apply.
taking the medication with or without food, recognizing dark urine is a normal side effect, stomach cramping is considered an adverse effect
A critically ill client has developed a fever of 38.9 C, and blood cultures have been drawn and sent to the laboratory or culture and sensitivity testing. Determination of the culture will give the care team what information?
the exact identity of the infectious microorganism
When conducting health education for a client prescribed an oral penicillin for an infection caused by gram-negative bacilli, the nurse should emphasize which instructions?
the need to take the medication on an empty stomach
Why is important to monitor the results of a serum gentamicin levels?
to identify whether the drug is at a therapeutic level
A client is prescribed imipenem-cilastatin for the treatment of an E. coli infection. The nurse should be aware that cilastatin is combined with the imipenem for what purpose?
to inhibit the destruction of imipenem
A client, who sustained a burn from a gas grill, has been prescribed a sulfonamide to prevent a burn infection. What route is preferred in the prevention of a burn infection?
topical
