Pharmacology Final - Ch. 13-16

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True or False Marijuana is on the WADA Prohibited List because it has potent ergogenic activity

False

True or False Marijuana use for medicinal purposes is a recent development because marijuana only became popular during the 1960s

False

True or False Most of our daily need for creatine is met with a diet containing fresh fruits and vegetables

False

True or False Nicotine, when administered as a patch or in gum, significantly impairs exercise performance

False

True or False Nutrition is too complex at an individual level for a detailed genetic analysis that would tailor a diet with recommended supplementation for an elite athlete

False

True or False PES can only increase muscle mass and its oxygen-utilizing capacity, and they do little to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

False

True or False Slow twitch muscle fibers are a reservoir for a creatine as they stockpile large amounts of critical metabolic substrate

False

True or False The active form of vitamin D is a peptide hormone important in inflammation and prevention of cancer

False

True or False The only medical use for marijuana is as an appetite enhancer

False

True or False There are two classes of testosterone analogues, those that promote tissue building and those that are masculinizing.

False

Vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals, amino acids, metabolites, or some type of extract are grouped together as ____________________

Nutraceuticals

This neuroendocrine factor suppresses appetite; low levels are associated with food cravings

serotonin

The manifestation of Vitamin D deficiency in children is _________________

Rickets

True or False A 200-pound male will need about 2600-2800 calories a day to maintain body weight

True

True or False A double bond at the third carbon from the methyl end (opposite the fatty acid end) makes a fatty acid an omega-3 fatty acid

True

True or False Adequate dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids can slow the age-related cognitive decline and may help prevent brain deterioration, including senile dementia

True

True or False Alcoholics often suffer from a "fatty liver" and can die from the resulting liver disease

True

True or False Anabolic steroids can increase muscle size even without resistance training.

True

True or False Caffeine can activate the HPA axis and cause some symptoms related to stress and the fight-or-flight response

True

True or False Certain resistance exercise protocols can increase the release of HGH, even in older males.

True

True or False Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths per year in the United States

True

True or False Creatine kinase transfers the high-energy phosphate from the phosphocreatine to ADP making ATP

True

True or False Erythropoietin increases the survival rate of reticulocytes, allowing the number of mature erythrocytes to increase

True

True or False Humans can produce sufficient vitamin D if they get adequate sunshine

True

True or False Improved oxygen delivery keeps muscles from depending on anaerobic metabolism, decrease the buildup of lactate, and could be glycogen sparing.

True

True or False In some years, alcohol-impaired-driving fatalities have accounted for almost one-third of all driving fatalities

True

True or False Levels of endogenous cannabinoids increase during exercise and may contribute to a "runners high"

True

True or False Light-to-moderate alcohol use is associated with a reduced risk for dementia and Alzheimer's disease during aging.

True

True or False Males that take high doses of testosterone can end up with elevated levels of estrogen and breast enlargement.

True

True or False Marijuana has been effective in patients with AIDS and multiple sclerosis.

True

True or False Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work have increased risk of disease, including cancer and heart disease

True

True or False Once a urine test was developed that could detect the recombinant (drug form) of erythropoietin, samples from a previous race could be tested to determine how many competitors were cheating

True

True or False One of the problems with exercise is that it can greatly stimulate appetite and the individual ends up consuming many more calories than were burned during the activity

True

True or False One of the serious health consequences of vitamin D deficiency is the resulting elevated level of parathyroid hormone

True

True or False Osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis is sometimes called the "wear and tear" arthritis

True

True or False Pilots, after having a blood alcohol level of 0.1%, showed significantly poorer performance on flight simulators many hours later

True

True or False Regular consumers of caffeine can experience a withdrawal syndrome if they stop taking caffeine abruptly

True

True or False Research on the ergogenic properties of anabolic steroids is constrained because the large doses taken by athletes and bodybuilders cannot be reproduced in the lab due to ethical considerations.

True

True or False Smoking is the cause of one in five deaths in the United States

True

True or False The receptor that responds to high temperatures also responds to capsaicin, the spice that makes peppers "hot"

True

True or False Too much erythropoietin can increase the hematocrit and blood viscosity to the point where competitive cyclists have died in their sleep

True

True or False Toxicity is associated with taking excessive amounts of vitamin D supplements

True

True or False Training at high altitudes increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, as the person adjusts to the lower oxygen levels in the atmosphere

True

True or False Vitamin C plays a key role in a collagen structure and the health of our joints

True

Nicotine in the pure form is quite toxic, acting as a _______. a. Acetylcholine receptor agonist b. Beta-receptor agonist c. Dopamine antagonist d. Adenosine antagonist e. Muscarinic agonist

a. Acetylcholine receptor agonist

How do anabolic steroids work? a. By binding an intracellular receptor that then binds and regulates DNA b. By activating a calcium channel in the cell membrane c. By binding a cell surface receptor that increases cellular levels of cyclic AMP d. By entering mitochondria and activating ATP synthesis e. By interacting directly with ribosomes to increase the synthesis of muscle proteins

a. By binding an intracellular receptor that then binds and regulates DNA

Moderate drinking for a woman is defined as which of the following? a. One drink per day b. Two drinks per day c. Three drinks per day d. No more than three drinks every other day e. Three drinks per day if spread over at least six hours

a. One drink per day

During exercise, what can caffeine do? a. Significantly increase VO2Max b. Cause a lower RPE c. Significantly raise calcium levels in skeletal muscle d. Only improve endurance performance, with no effect on short burst activity e. increase the sensitivity to pain

a. Significantly increase VO2Max

The first endogenous ligand for the endocannabinoid system, discovered in 1992, is called ____________

anandamide

An _________ transfusion involves reinfusion of blood or blood components into the same individual that originally donated them

autologous

The first successful blood doping experiment confirmed which principle? a. Exercise capacity is dependent, in part, on oxygen utilization. b. Exercise capacity is dependent, in part, on oxygen delivery. c. Catecholamine response is essential in exercise performance. d. Training increases the microvasculature to skeletal muscle. ATP production can be independent of oxygen content during anaerobic metabolism

b. Exercise capacity is dependent, in part, on oxygen delivery.

1. Steroid hormones used to build muscle mass are related to _______, whereas steroid hormones used as anti-inflammatory drugs are related to ____________. a. Epinephrine; thyroxin b. Testosterone; corticosteroids c. Cortisol; aldosterone d. Vitamin D; vitamin A e. IGF-1; HGH

b. Testosterone; corticosteroids

When caffeine is at blood levels consistent with normal (non-excessive) consumption, it probably does which of the following? a. Stimulates cyclic AMP production b. Enhances calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. Acts as an adenosine antagonist d. Increases mitochondrial ATP production e. Activates excitatory glutamate receptors in the brain

c. Acts as an adenosine antagonist

The test that measures the percentage of volume of whole blood composed of red blood cells, and is used for blood doping, is called a _____________.

hematocrit

Elimination of this factor in the rodent brain produces anorexia

neuropeptide Y

To drive legally in most states, BAC should not exceed 0.08. BAC stands for ___________

Blood Alcohol Content

True or False Less than 5 percent of the adult population in the United States admits to binge drinking over the course of a year

False

True or False Long-term consumption of coffee has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

False

True or False Caffeine has been removed from the WADA Prohibited List, and is no longer tested or monitored

False

True or False Caffeine is a potent diuretic, and it is common for endurance athletes that take caffeine to suffer from dehydration and over-heat

False

True or False Collagen is important to the extracellular matrix because it binds 50 times its weight in water

False

True or False Creatine is considered an ergogenic ai and is on the WADA Prohibited List

False

True or False Fish oil supplements are potentially dangerous because of high mercury and PBC/dioxin contamination

False

True or False For every increase in dose of caffeine, there is an equivalent and predictable matching increase in blood levels of epinephrine

False

True or False Growth hormone levels increase as we age and contribute to the age-related increase in cancer.

False

True or False HGH use has escalated as determined by the increase in the number of positive urine tests at the Olympics

False

True or False It is important to have a diet rich in omega-6 fats compared to omega-3 fats to ensure proper growth and maintain muscle strength

False

True or False Laws limiting smoking in public places have had no effect on levels of nicotine detected in nonsmokers

False

Which of the following is true regarding essential nutrients and vitamins? a. They are made and stored in our bodies because they are critical to our health b. They prevent or cure the pathology associated with their deficiency c. They can cure a wide variety of diseases, such as the common cold d. They must be obtained in pill form in order to get sufficient quantities e. They can significantly improve exercise performance when taken at least twice the daily recommended amount

a. They are made and stored in our bodies because they are critical to our health

When cells in the kidney sense low oxygen levels, what happens? a. They increase erythropoietin production. b. They decrease erythropoietin production. c. They become hypersensitive to adrenaline. d. They activate pathways to make more ATP. e. They increase blood flow to the lungs.

a. They increase erythropoietin production.

Chemically, caffeine and theophylline are considered which of the following? a. Xanthine alkaloids b. Calcium channel antagonists c. Cyclic amp analogues d. ATP mimics e. None of the above

a. Xanthine alkaloids

Overproduction of HGH or overuse of it as a drug can lead to ____________

acromegaly

Excessive or maladaptive alcohol use is a form of alcohol dependence and is called _________

alcoholism

Besides all the cancer-causing chemicals, one of the most dominant negative effects of cigarette smoke, especially for competitors, is due to which of the following? a. Carbon dioxide b. Nitric oxide c. Carbon monoxide d. Menthol e. Oxygen free radicals

c. Carbon monoxide

Increased essential omega-3 fatty acid consumption correlates with which of the following? a. Significant decreases in blood levels of HDL b. Increases in blood levels of LDL c. Decreases in blood levels of triglycerides d. Lower blood sugar e. Weight gain

c. Decreases in blood levels of triglycerides

Growth hormone causes __________, whereas anabolic steroid hormones cause _________. a. Inflammation; feminization b. Hyperlipidemia; dyslipidemia c. Hyperplasia; hypertrophy d. Hyperactivity; plasticity e. Cancer; infertility

c. Hyperplasia; hypertrophy

Where is most of the body's creatine found? a. The liver b. The kidneys c. Skeletal muscle d. The lungs e. The adrenal gland

c. Skeletal muscle

The essential omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory action, in part, because: a. They are potent inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2 b. They cause the rapid degradation of prostaglandins c. They are converted into resolvins that help resolve inflammation d. They lower temperature through anti-pyretic mechanisms e. The cause desensitization of critical receptors in the inflammatory response

c. They are converted into resolvins that help resolve inflammation

How does caffeine promote wakefulness? a. By suppressing the HPA axis b. By acting as a powerful sympathomimetic c. By its extensive effects on metabolism, primarily in the liver d. By blocking adenosine's ability to cause drowsiness e. By helping promote oxygen delivery to sensitive tissues

d. By blocking adenosine's ability to cause drowsiness

Which of the following is NOT part of the extracellular matrix in humans? a. Hyaluronic acid b. Glucosamine c. Chondroitin sulfate d. Cellulose e. Collagen

d. Cellulose

What is HGH (human growth hormone)? a. Steroid related to testosterone b. Calcium agonist c. Catecholamine d. Peptide hormone e. Hormone that becomes active following renin treatment

d. Peptide hormone

Which of the following is not supported by research on the effects of creatine? a. improved by upper-body strength b. improved repetitive-bout exercise tasks of less than 30 seconds c. improved lean body mass d. swimming or running performance e. improved the amount of mass lifted and force generated

d. swimming or running performance

Dietary fiber helps maintain which of the following? a. a healthy weight b. lowers the risk of diabetes c. lowers the risk of heart disease d. prevents or relieves constipation e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Acute alcohol intake results in which of the following? a. It causes cutaneous vessels to dilate and increases heat radiation b. It increases resting heart rate and blood pressure c. It causes ergolytic effects on the CNS and peripheral nervous system d. It suppresses ventilatory adaptation e. All the above

e. All the above

Anabolic steroids are used legally for which disease or condition? a. Hypogonadism b. Breast cancer c. Angioneurotic edema d. AIDS-related cachexia (wasting disease) e. All the above

e. All the above

Secondary effects of anabolic steroid use include which of the following? a. Hepatotoxicity b. Left ventricular hypertrophy c. Poor HDL and LD ratios d. Problems with sex drive and aggression e. All the above

e. All the above

What do smokers suffer from? a. Shortness of breath b. An increased risk of injury c. Slower healing times d. Atherosclerotic lesions e. All the above

e. All the above

Which of the following are NOT a common withdrawal symptom associated with quitting smoking? a. Anxiety b. Irritability and anger issues c. Insomnia d. Difficulty concentrating e. Rapid weight loss

e. Rapid weight loss

These modified lipid molecules increase when fasting and decrease during satiety

endocannabinoids

This hormone produced in the gut stimulates appetite and hunger

ghrelin

This hormone stimulates neuropeptide Y and increases food intake

ghrelin

Levels of this hormone and its control of appetite are dependent on sleep duration

leptin

Many obese people have elevated levels of this, suggesting that they have become resistant to its action

leptin

This hormone suppresses neuropeptide Y and food intake

leptin

This hormone's level increases proportionally to BMI and percent body fat

leptin


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IT Fundamentals Practice Exam [U51] - 1 [Test: Mult choice]

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