PHB 301: Promotion and Programming (Quiz 6 - #)

Briefly state the three foci of process evaluation.

1. Gather data about the delivery of interventions. 2. Relate to the dissemination of the health program. 3. Note the concerns when evaluating a health program.

Variable costs

Copies of program handouts, program advertising, and refreshments for participants

Monetary resources

Dollars or percent variance from budget per line item

Budget

Mechanisms for planning and tools for communicating and refining priorities; projections of dollar amounts that enable the program planner to assess the fiscal feasibility of doing a project

Physical resources

Number and type of equipment, square footage of office space

Informational resources

Number of computers bought or upgraded, number of program recruitment efforts, availability of communication hardware and software, ease of process data entry and retrieval, ease of impact data entry and retrieval

Time resources

Number of days delayed, percent of deadlines met, number of repeated requests

Human resources

Number of hours worked, staff-to-recipient ratio, hours per client contact per staff, degree of job satisfaction of staff and volunteers, degree of commitment of staff to program and intervention

Transportation

Parking fees, total mileage per month, number of bus passes used, program vehicle expense

Fixed costs

Rent, salaries of administrative personnel, and insurance costs

In-kind donation

Services provided to a program free of charge but for which the program would have to pay if it were not donated

Break-even analysis

The mathematical determination of the point at which the expenses related to providing the program are equal to or less than the revenues generated for or from the program

Managerial resources

Years of supervisory experience, degree of ability to clearly and persuasively communicate with staff, high degree of influence on program strategy

The theoretical point of view taken, which guides the decisions as to what factors will be included as costs and as outcomes

accounting perspective

The program efficiency index is useful for: (Chapter 9)

converting data into information and quantifying outputs of the service utilization plan.

A generic term used to encompass expenses related to the program

cost

The intent of a {Answer} analysis is to determine which of two different programs will have the greater benefit to the program's intended population, given each program's costs.

cost-benefit

The funders for an HIV awareness program that you have been implementing have requested that you compare the cost per participant of the program to the cost per participant of another HIV awareness program. Which type of economic evaluation are they requesting?

cost-comparison

As part of its annual evaluation, a violence prevention organization reported that a new violence prevention program cost $1,000 less per estimated averted shooting than another program that the organization ran. What type of economic evaluation is this?

cost-effectiveness

The cardiology unit wanted to determine which was more economically preferable to patients: having high cholesterol or having chronic high blood pressure. Which of the following economic evaluations would be most useful for this type of analysis?

cost-utility

The decreasing value of capital equipment into the future

depreciation

At which level of the public health pyramid would a social marketing plan be useful? Select all that apply.

direct services, population services level, enabling services level

The process of converting future health benefits and future dollars to the present values

discounting

True or False? The element of the service utilization plan that ensures that the program is provided to members of the intended audience is called queuing.

false

The rate at which current dollars will have a lower value in the future

inflation

Purchases that cannot be made because of having spent the money on something else

opportunity costs

Imagine that you were a funding agency and reviewing the program coverage. Would you be more concerned about over- or undercoverage? Why?

overcoverage because it serves those who aren't supposed to be and undercoverage because of the waste of resources.

The three accounting perspectives are {Answer}, program, and societal.

participants

effectiveness

planning the realistic potential for achieving your desired outcome when an intervention is being used in real life.

At which level of the pyramid would it be impossible to have overcoverage?

population services level

Characteristics of the population are an example of a service utilization plan input measure at which level of the public health pyramid? (Chapter 9)

population services level

When deciding how to monetize program effects, using the {Answer} helps identify potential outcomes and impacts to be monetized.

process theory

A high degree of match between the capacity to provide the program or service and the demand for the program or service minimizes ...... and the need for a wait list.

queuing

The systematic alteration of any parameter of the economic analysis for the purpose of determining the point at which the conclusions would become substantively different

sensitivity analysis

What describes the four P's: promotion, place, price, and product?

social marketing

efficiency

the relationship between the amount of output and input, with higher outputs and achieved with fewer inputs, which can be interpreted as more efficient.

True or False? Implementation documentation is an important part of process evaluations. (Chapter 9)

true

Outreach workers from the CeaseFire program spent a total of 500 combined hours with program participants during the first year of program implementation. This is an example of which service utilization output?

units of service

efficacy

when you maximize potential effects under specific conditions.