PHI2010 CHAPTER 1

The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to _____.

. Socrates.

For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of _____.

knowledge.

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and _____.

logic.

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as _____.

the Socratic method.

The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called _____.

the philosophical method

For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to _____.

the soul.

Socrates preferred exile to death.

False.

An argument is not synonymous with persuasion.

True.

In philosophy—and in any other kind of rational inquiry—accepting a conclusion (statement) without good reasons is an elementary mistake in reasoning.

True.

Persuasion does not necessarily involve giving any reasons at all for accepting a claim.

True.

A deductive argument is an argument intended to give probable support to its conclusion.

False.

If inductive arguments succeed in lending probable support to their conclusions, they are said to be valid.

False.

Socrates thought that the primary occupation of a good citizen should be the pursuit of wealth and prestige.

False.

A good deductive argument is said to be sound.

True.

According to Socrates, we should always consider in doing anything whether we are doing right or wrong.

True.

According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has _____ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure.

an unhealthy soul.

Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____.

epistemology.

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.

metaphysics.

If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as _____.

reductio ad absurdum *.