Philip II & Alexander the Great
Hellenistic
"like the Greeks"
Assimilation of Persian Culture
(Absorb into the Greek culture),Wearing Persian clothes, marrying Persian women, Persians into his Army, asked to be worshipped
Phalanx
16x16 hoplites, 2x length of spears
Time as a Hostage
3 yrs in Thebes as a youth, common practice for peace
Alexandria
70, Egyptian Alexandria most famous, trading & learning center
Greeks' Response to other Cultures
Barbarians
Accomplishments as General
Crushed Persian Empire, India, 22,000 miles, NEVER lost a battle
Demosthenes
Orator, Philip II's biggest critic, tried telling people not to listen, he gave many speeches warning the Athenians that Phillip was a threat to Greek freedom.
Hellenistic Period
Started w/Alexander the Great's conquests. time where Greek art and culture merge with influences from the Middle East; culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests
Battle of Chaeronea
This is where Macedonia, under the rule of Phillip II, crushed the Greek allies. After this, Phillip II controlled most of Greece.
Alexander's Legacy
Trade grew, spread Macedonian and Greek rule, spread Greek traditions, economics, education, Greece weak after his death, 146BC Greece under Rome
Death of Alexander
age 33, fever or too much alcohol, 323BC
Lighthouse
ancient wonder, protected ships w/ firelight
Fate of Philip II
assassinated by his favorite wife
Hellenistic Philosophy
emphasis on philosophy. concerned with ethics, logic, and physics (essence of physical world). practical philosophy, unlike Plato.
Philip II
father of Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, conquered/ united Greece under his rule. He was assassinated., Ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 BCE; founder of centralized kingdom; later conquered rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonian authority
Break Up of the Empire
fights broke out, Greece broke up into city-states, ANTIGONUS became king of Macedonia, Ptolemy of Egypt, Seleucus of Persian Empire
Macedonia
formally known as Yugoslavia
Conquest of Persia
freed Greek cities from Persian rule, battle of Granicus, defeated Persian army at Issus, Gaugamela, then rest of the Persian Empire, NEVER LOST A BATTLE
Library
largest collection of books, 500,000 scrolls
Alexander the Great
son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world
Aristotle
teacher and researcher
Philip's Destiny
to conquer Greece and unite it