Philosophy 101 test 1

__________ is a skeptic a) sextus empiricus b) epicurus c) epictetus

A

__________ is the study of knowledge, including its nature and extent a) epistemology b) philosophy of science c) metaphysics d) axiology

A

a system of rule by those most qualified to govern is known as a(n) __________ a) meritocracy b) oligarchy c) democracy d) plutocracy

A

aristotle explained __________ view of earth this way: "[t]here is no reason why what is situated in the middle and is similarly related to the edges should move upwards rather than downwards or sideways. but it cannot move in opposite directions at the same time. so it necessarily rests where it is." a) anaximander's b) democritus's c) parmenides's d) heraclitus's

A

at his death, socrates asks his friend crito to __________ a) pay a debt b) clear his name c) take revenge on his accusers d) take care of his family

A

for aristotle, the primary explanation of the development of all living things is __________ a) teleological b) providential c) mechanical d) biological

A

the four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and __________ a) logic b) categorical logic c) bioethics d) aesthetics

A

traditionally, the dominant class in Aryan culture was the __________ a) brahmins b) ahimsa c) samsara d) atman

A

according to plato, the truly real world is the world of the __________ existing forms a) plausibly b) independently c) dependently d) provisionally

B

daoism is also known as __________ a) maoism b) taoism c) baoism d) laoism

B

democritus explains events in __________ a) divine terms b) mechanistic terms c) terms of human will d) terms of predestination

B

dukkha is a concept in __________ a) daoism b) buddhism c) hinduism d) confucianism

B

in plato's allegory of the cave, prisoners believe what they perceive on the cave wall __________ a) is insensible b) real c) is unreal d) cannot be known

B

the rig-veda is the oldest book of the __________ a) aranyakas b) vedas c) brahmanas d) upanishads

B

__________ goods are what all our actions are pointed toward a) purposeful b) mechanistic c) intrinsic d) instrumental

C

__________ is the fallacy of arguing erroneously that since there are only two alternatives to choose from, and one of them is unacceptable, the other one must be true a) composition b) equivocation c) false dilemma d) division

C

__________ is the most highly venerated and influential scriptures in Hinduism a) yajur-veda b) sama-veda c) bhagavad-gita d) atharva-veda

C

among the features of reality, according to parmenides, is __________ a) plurality b) instability c) uniformity d) difference

C

plato argues that the soul is __________ a) empirical b) sensible c) immortal d) mortal

C

the sophists prefer __________ explanations of phenomena a) purely deductive b) divine c) relativistic d) naturalistic

D

true or false? a deductive argument is an argument intended to give probable support to its conclusion

false

true or false? affirming the consequent is a valid argument form

false

true or false? an argument of this form—If p, then q; not p; therefore, not q—is called modus tollens

false

true or false? aristotle believes that simply studying philosophy will make one virtuous

false

true or false? asceticism is one's soul or self in the hindu tradition

false

true or false? at his trial, socrates declares he prefers exile to death

false

true or false? confucianism and daoism are essentially the same philosophy

false

true or false? hedonism is identical with gluttony

false

true or false? heraclitus rejects the idea of an organizing principle of the universe

false

true or false? plato declared that the intellect is not worth much without the senses to guide it

false

true or false? socrates accepts the oracle's pronouncement that no one in athens is wiser than he

false

true or false? socrates is more concerned with his social standing than with philosophy

false

true or false? socrates says death is probably bad

false

true or false? the appetitive part of the soul, according to plato, should rule the other parts

false

true or false? the objects of knowledge, according to plato, are ascertained exclusively through sense experience

false

true or false? the relativist is committed to the view that there are objective truths

false

true or false? the skeptic sextus empiricus endorses the view that our lack of knowledge should motivate us to seek absolute truth

false

true or false? the sophists hold that absolute knowledge is attainable

false

true or false? aristotle says that virtue is a mean lying between two vices

true

true or false? aristotle's logical system is built out of classes of things and their relations

true

true or false? daoism advocates the view that the best life is lived in harmony with nature

true

true or false? epicureanism is the view that life's highest aim is happiness attained through moderate pleasures and the avoidance of mental disturbance

true

true or false? modus tollens is a valid argument form

true

true or false? parmenides distinguishes between appearance and reality

true

true or false? plato holds that knowledge is recollected

true

true or false? plato points out a conceptual inconsistency with relativism; namely, since all sincerely held beliefs are equally true, then two opposing beliefs are true at the same time

true

epicureanism, stoicism, and skepticism all aim toward __________ a) belief b) faith c) peace of mind d) knowledge

C

epicureanism, stoicism, and skepticism are all motivated toward __________ a) material security and peace of mind b) peace and love c) peace of mind and freedom from disturbance d) freedom from pain

C

epicurus did not propose __________ a) moderation in pleasures b) we not fear death c) recklessly sensual, overindulgent living d) a philosophy for achieving happiness

C

one commonality between socrates and the sophists was the latter's focus on __________ inquiries a) meteorological b) astronomical c) humanistic d) metaphysical

C

socrates was said to be physically __________ a) decrepit b) fit c) unattractive d) attractive

C

the __________ cause tells us "that for the sake of which" something is a) efficient b) formal c) final d) material

C

the stoic thinks that all but __________ are under our control a) perceptions b) feelings c) political office d) intentions

C

the study of correct reasoning is called __________ a) axiology b) cognition c) logic d) value theory

C

according to aristotle, virtue is a disposition to __________ a) behave in line with the accepted religious norms b) behave in line with existing law c) pursue what is in our own interests d) behave in line with a standard of excellence

D

according to plato, the spirited side of the soul __________ a) should govern our actions b) is the intellectual part c) is the part that desires satisfaction of the bodily cravings for things like food and sleep d) is the part that is motivated to maximize honor, self-esteem, success, and winning

D

if inductive arguments succeed in lending probable support to their conclusions, they are said to be __________ a) sound b) weak c) valid d) strong

D

if you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. this kind of argument is known as __________ a) hypothetical syllogism b) modus tollens c) modus ponens d) reductio ad absurdum

D

plato and xenophon wrote __________ featuring socrates's method a) novels b) plays c) short stories d) dialogues

D

socrates claimed he did not accept __________ for teaching a) clothing b) political appointments c) dinner invitations d) money

D

the carpenter who makes a table is that table's __________ cause a) formal b) final c) material d) efficient

D

true or false? plato's forms are objectively real, eternal, abstract entities that serve as models or universals of higher knowledge

true

true or false? sextus empiricus says that skeptics manage to get through life fine just by attending to appearances

true

true or false? socrates continues to philosophize while awaiting his execution

true

true or false? the heart of aristotle's logical system is the syllogism

true

true or false? the purported original skeptic was pyrrho

true

true or false? the smriti material consists mainly of epics, myths and legends, and legal and moral codes

true

true or false? the upanishads is the sacred text in hinduism

true

true or false? this argument form known as modus tollens is valid

true