Philosophy Chapter 1 Review
What are the three broad questions that traditionally concern philosophy? And what fields do they correspond to?
(What is real?- Metaphysics)(What is right?- Ethics ) (What is true?-Epistemology)
What is egoism?
An ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality.
Explain the potential benefits of looking at beliefs, ideas, and worldviews that are different from the one you live in.
An individual can learn why they practice it, believe in it, and see of it and gain an understanding why it is that is.
The goal of philosophy according to Vasquez is
Autonomy: the freedom of being able to decide for yourself what you will believe in, by using your own reasoning abilities.
Socrates
Born 469 B.C. and is known as one of the founders of Western Philosophy, creators of the Socratic method, and also to his large contribution to the field of Ethics.
Define the following: Epistemology, Metaphysics, Ethics, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of education.
Epistemology is the philosophical theory of knowledge, Metaphysics is the philosophical study of being and knowing, Ethics is the philosophical study of moral values and rules, the philosophy of science is is a field of applied philosophy that examines the aims, forms, methods, and results of education as both a process and a field of study.
The Republic and the view of justice expressed by Thrasymachus there. How does Socrates respond?
He concludes from the questioning he gave Thrasymachus that rulers don't always make rules that are in accordance with their interests.
How does Velasquez define philosophy?
He defines it as the answering of the questions we receive when we are young and explain them to ourselves.
Explain why Socrates got the reputation of being a gadfly.
He gained this reputation because he would ask anyone a question, which would then be followed up by a series of other questions that were then thought a nuisance.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs- What is it? What are the maintenance needs? What is self-actualization?
It is a leveling system that shows the needs in order before achieving philosophy in its activity state. Maintenance needs are needs that must be fulfilled before self-actualization is achieved. Self-actualization is the state in where one reaches personal growth and fulfillment.
What does it mean to say that self-actualized individuals are creative?
It is not the necessity of it being related to the fine arts, but that they leave their mark where they appear.
What is the etymological meaning of the word philosophy?
Love of Wisdom
What are the "costs" of philosophy?
One must indulge himself in study, constant practice, and the loss of your long held beliefs.
Plato's "Myth of the Cave", what does Velasquez illustrate with this parable?
Philosophy is an activity and will teach you how to do it, not learn it. It's the journey you take, not the prizes you bring back.
Western Philosophy and diversity- what is its history?
Plato and Perictione are the responsible for it's creation. It spread from Greece, then it went into Europe, and then America.
What was the ultimate fate of Socrates?
Socrates died after being sentenced to death, where he then drank hemlock (poison) and killed himself.
"The in-examined life is not worth living." Who said it and what does it mean?
Socrates meant in this saying that a person who can't be happy nor give themselves value is not worth being alive.
"Know Thyself"- to whom is is this platitude attributed? What else is he known for?
Socrates was responsible for saying Know Thyself and is also known as the Socratic method, being called a gad fly, and committing suicide.
What is the relationship between Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates?
Socrates was the teacher of Plato and Aristotle was the student of Plato.
The Allegory of the Cave, in which of Plato's dialogues is it found in?
The Allegory of the Cave is a parable where Socrates explains how wisdom and reality work in life and is found in Plato's Dialogue of The Republic.
Who is commonly referred to as the father of philosophy?
The Holy Philosophical Trinity: Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates.
What method did Socrates most known for?
The Socratic Method in where he asks people many things and lets them talk back as in a dialogue.
What are the main themes and discussion/content that were included in the Apology, The Republic, Crito, and Euthyphro?
The main themes and discussion in the stories are as follows: (Euthyphro) What is holy?| (The Republic) Does justice always benefit the rulers?| (The Apology) Socrates defends his learning.| (Crito) It is allowed to disobey laws.
What does it mean to say that self-actualized individuals are flexible?
They easily adapt to change since of their personal experience and resilience that they exhibit.
What is the function of the philosophical function of wisdom according to the Buddhists?
Things are: 1. Dependent on their parts 2. Interrelated, not isolated 3. Merely labelled
What is the end, goal or purpose of all human beings for Aristotle?
To be happy.
