Final exam
35 yo female diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. What is the molecular basis for this condition?
Auto antibodies to postsynaptic Ach receptor
55 to diagnosed with Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome. What is the molecular basis for the condition?
Auto antibodies to presynaptic Ca receptor
In humans
Back muscles are strong to maintain erect posture
19 yo dies suddenly during a sports game. His autopsy showed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. What protein is affected?
Beta myosin heavy chain
The zygomaticus major muscle
Contributes to laughing and smiling
The depressor anguli oris muscle
Contributes to pouting
Damage to the muscle called the lavatory ani would result in
Decreased support for pelvic viscera Defecation?
The muscles of the anterior group of forearm muscles are primarily
Flexors
Which back muscle extends the head
Longissimus capitis
Which muscle does not extend the neck
Longus capitis
In order for both eyes to direct their gaze to the right, which of the following muscles are used?
Right lateral rectus, left medial rectus
Contracting the R sternocleidomastoid muscle would
Rotate the head to the left
56 yo male presents to ED w/ chest pain into neck. EKG will most likely show what
ST elevation and ST depression
In the body's lever system
The joint represents the fulcrum point
The prime mover is
The muscle that does most of the movement
The origin is
The stationary end of the muscle
Hypokalemia EKG will have what
U waves followed by low T wave
No distinct pattern
V fib
Which is life threatening?
V fib, v tach, torsades de pointe, asystole
21 yo male has c/o multiple syncopal episodes. His EKG showed prolongation of QT segment. What's the most likely cause?
V tach
Wide QRS complex, no P waves
V tach
If abd muscles are contracted while the vertebral column is fixed, this will aid in
Vomiting, childbirth, urination, defecation
What are the muscles involved with mastication
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
The muscle shape that has the capacity to shorten to the greatest degree is
Straight
Small boxes
0.04 seconds
Normal PR internal
0.12-0.20
Large boxes
0.2 seconds
76 yo female visits pcp. Vital signs normal. EKG shows PR interval of 0.24 seconds. From the EKG, you can deduce the pt has which of the following?
1st degree AV block
Prolonged PR interval on EKG is most likely a
1st degree AV block
Well developed mentalis muscles results it
A dimple in the chin
Irregular R-R intervals, no distinct P waves
A fib
Thromboembolism and stroke is a complication of
A fib
An antagonist is
A muscle working in opposition to another muscle
Saw tooth, no P waves
Atrial flutter
Of the following muscles of the thigh, which is on the posterior side?
Biceps femoris
Of the muscles from the thigh, which is not part of the quadriceps group
Biceps femoris
Which muscle would be considered an antagonist to the rectus femoris
Biceps femoris
The orbicularis oculi muscles
Causes crows feet wrinkles
The flexion of the elbow represents a
Class III lever system
The major movement made during quiet breathing is accomplished by
Diaphragm
Contraction of the inferior rectus muscle directs the pupil to look
Down
What protein is affected in muscular dystrophy
Dystrophin
Normal QRS Interval
Equal or less than 0.12
Normal QT interval
Equal or less than 0.44
Which back muscle inserts on the ribs and vertebrae
Erector spinae
Contracting the trapezius would
Extend and laterally flex the neck
The anconeus works with the triceps brachii to
Extend the forearm
The adductor longus is named for its
Function and size
When you say "ah" and stick out your tongue, what muscle do you use
Genioglossus
The rotator cuff muscles
Hold the head of the humerus int he Glenoid fossa of the scapula
Which of the following represents a class one lever system?
Hyperextension of the head
ER Dr looks at EKG with tall and tended T waves. The lab tests results will show what?
Hyperkalemia
Which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff
Infraspinatus
When a skeletal muscle contracts to cause a given movement, the more movable end of attachment of the muscle is termed
Inseriton
Facial muscles are unusual in that they
Insert and sometimes originate on skin and connective tissue
Which abd wall muscle inserts on the 10th and 12th ribs and rectus sheath
Internal abd oblique
Which muscle contracts during forced expiration
Internal intercostals
What back muscle originates on the vertebral spinous process
Interspinales
Muscles that change shape of the tongue are
Intrinsic muscles or extrinsic muscles
For both eyes to look to the left, which muscles are used?
Left lateral rectus, right medial rectus
The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the
Levator ani and coccygeus muscles
Which muscle is involved in chewing gum?
Masseter
Muscles that elevate the jaw and close the mouth include the
Masseter and medical pterygoid
Which back muscle extends and rotates the vertebral column
Multifidus
Raising the eyebrows is the action of the
Occipitofrontalis muscles
The digastric muscle is involved in
Opening the mouth
The type of muscle that functions as a sphincter is
Orbicular
Of the following muscles, which one wraps around the orbits
Orbicularis oculi
Depressor anguli muscle is synergistic with
Orbicularis oris
Closing or puckering the lips is the action of the
Orbicularis oris muscle
The sternocleidomastoid muscle extends from the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the sternum and medial clavicle. When both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract, the head is flexed. The end of the muscle that connects to the sternum is the
Origin
The brachioradialis is named for its
Origin and insertion
Which muscle is involved with swallowing
Palatopharyngeus
Muscles that have their fasciculi arranged like barbs of feather along a common tendon are called
Pinnate
The type of muscle that can contract with the greatest force is the
Pinnate
Flexion of the hip is a movement produced by the
Psoas major and iliacus
Which muscle flexes the vertebral column
Psoas minor
Which of the following muscles is named for its location?
Quadriceps femoris
The levaor palpebrae superioris muscle
Raises the eyelid
The abd muscle that has its origin at the pubic crest and symphysis pubis is the
Rectus abdominis
Anterior thigh muscles
Rectus femoris, sartorius, adductor magnus, gracilis
Thigh muscles part of quadriceps group
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
In order to stabilize the hyoid bone so that the larynx can be elevated in swallowing, the __ muscle group is used
Suprahyoid
Four muscles of rotator cuff (SITS)
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
When you "pull your tummy in" and compress your abd, you use the recuts abdominals, external abd oblique, internal abd oblique, and trans versus abdominis muscles. This is an example of muscles working as
Synergists
The insertion is
The end of the muscle where action occurs
What protein is affected in dilated cardiomyopathy
Titan
Which of the following muscles is named for its shape
Trapezius
The muscles that extend the neck are
Trapezius, semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis
