Final exam

35 yo female diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. What is the molecular basis for this condition?

Auto antibodies to postsynaptic Ach receptor

55 to diagnosed with Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome. What is the molecular basis for the condition?

Auto antibodies to presynaptic Ca receptor

In humans

Back muscles are strong to maintain erect posture

19 yo dies suddenly during a sports game. His autopsy showed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. What protein is affected?

Beta myosin heavy chain

The zygomaticus major muscle

Contributes to laughing and smiling

The depressor anguli oris muscle

Contributes to pouting

Damage to the muscle called the lavatory ani would result in

Decreased support for pelvic viscera Defecation?

The muscles of the anterior group of forearm muscles are primarily

Flexors

Which back muscle extends the head

Longissimus capitis

Which muscle does not extend the neck

Longus capitis

In order for both eyes to direct their gaze to the right, which of the following muscles are used?

Right lateral rectus, left medial rectus

Contracting the R sternocleidomastoid muscle would

Rotate the head to the left

56 yo male presents to ED w/ chest pain into neck. EKG will most likely show what

ST elevation and ST depression

In the body's lever system

The joint represents the fulcrum point

The prime mover is

The muscle that does most of the movement

The origin is

The stationary end of the muscle

Hypokalemia EKG will have what

U waves followed by low T wave

No distinct pattern

V fib

Which is life threatening?

V fib, v tach, torsades de pointe, asystole

21 yo male has c/o multiple syncopal episodes. His EKG showed prolongation of QT segment. What's the most likely cause?

V tach

Wide QRS complex, no P waves

V tach

If abd muscles are contracted while the vertebral column is fixed, this will aid in

Vomiting, childbirth, urination, defecation

What are the muscles involved with mastication

masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

The muscle shape that has the capacity to shorten to the greatest degree is

Straight

Small boxes

0.04 seconds

Normal PR internal

0.12-0.20

Large boxes

0.2 seconds

76 yo female visits pcp. Vital signs normal. EKG shows PR interval of 0.24 seconds. From the EKG, you can deduce the pt has which of the following?

1st degree AV block

Prolonged PR interval on EKG is most likely a

1st degree AV block

Well developed mentalis muscles results it

A dimple in the chin

Irregular R-R intervals, no distinct P waves

A fib

Thromboembolism and stroke is a complication of

A fib

An antagonist is

A muscle working in opposition to another muscle

Saw tooth, no P waves

Atrial flutter

Of the following muscles of the thigh, which is on the posterior side?

Biceps femoris

Of the muscles from the thigh, which is not part of the quadriceps group

Biceps femoris

Which muscle would be considered an antagonist to the rectus femoris

Biceps femoris

The orbicularis oculi muscles

Causes crows feet wrinkles

The flexion of the elbow represents a

Class III lever system

The major movement made during quiet breathing is accomplished by

Diaphragm

Contraction of the inferior rectus muscle directs the pupil to look

Down

What protein is affected in muscular dystrophy

Dystrophin

Normal QRS Interval

Equal or less than 0.12

Normal QT interval

Equal or less than 0.44

Which back muscle inserts on the ribs and vertebrae

Erector spinae

Contracting the trapezius would

Extend and laterally flex the neck

The anconeus works with the triceps brachii to

Extend the forearm

The adductor longus is named for its

Function and size

When you say "ah" and stick out your tongue, what muscle do you use

Genioglossus

The rotator cuff muscles

Hold the head of the humerus int he Glenoid fossa of the scapula

Which of the following represents a class one lever system?

Hyperextension of the head

ER Dr looks at EKG with tall and tended T waves. The lab tests results will show what?

Hyperkalemia

Which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff

Infraspinatus

When a skeletal muscle contracts to cause a given movement, the more movable end of attachment of the muscle is termed

Inseriton

Facial muscles are unusual in that they

Insert and sometimes originate on skin and connective tissue

Which abd wall muscle inserts on the 10th and 12th ribs and rectus sheath

Internal abd oblique

Which muscle contracts during forced expiration

Internal intercostals

What back muscle originates on the vertebral spinous process

Interspinales

Muscles that change shape of the tongue are

Intrinsic muscles or extrinsic muscles

For both eyes to look to the left, which muscles are used?

Left lateral rectus, right medial rectus

The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the

Levator ani and coccygeus muscles

Which muscle is involved in chewing gum?

Masseter

Muscles that elevate the jaw and close the mouth include the

Masseter and medical pterygoid

Which back muscle extends and rotates the vertebral column

Multifidus

Raising the eyebrows is the action of the

Occipitofrontalis muscles

The digastric muscle is involved in

Opening the mouth

The type of muscle that functions as a sphincter is

Orbicular

Of the following muscles, which one wraps around the orbits

Orbicularis oculi

Depressor anguli muscle is synergistic with

Orbicularis oris

Closing or puckering the lips is the action of the

Orbicularis oris muscle

The sternocleidomastoid muscle extends from the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the sternum and medial clavicle. When both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract, the head is flexed. The end of the muscle that connects to the sternum is the

Origin

The brachioradialis is named for its

Origin and insertion

Which muscle is involved with swallowing

Palatopharyngeus

Muscles that have their fasciculi arranged like barbs of feather along a common tendon are called

Pinnate

The type of muscle that can contract with the greatest force is the

Pinnate

Flexion of the hip is a movement produced by the

Psoas major and iliacus

Which muscle flexes the vertebral column

Psoas minor

Which of the following muscles is named for its location?

Quadriceps femoris

The levaor palpebrae superioris muscle

Raises the eyelid

The abd muscle that has its origin at the pubic crest and symphysis pubis is the

Rectus abdominis

Anterior thigh muscles

Rectus femoris, sartorius, adductor magnus, gracilis

Thigh muscles part of quadriceps group

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

In order to stabilize the hyoid bone so that the larynx can be elevated in swallowing, the __ muscle group is used

Suprahyoid

Four muscles of rotator cuff (SITS)

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

When you "pull your tummy in" and compress your abd, you use the recuts abdominals, external abd oblique, internal abd oblique, and trans versus abdominis muscles. This is an example of muscles working as

Synergists

The insertion is

The end of the muscle where action occurs

What protein is affected in dilated cardiomyopathy

Titan

Which of the following muscles is named for its shape

Trapezius

The muscles that extend the neck are

Trapezius, semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis