Philosophy Quiz 2 - Logic

A cogent inductive argument must be strong.

True

A sound argument is a valid argument with true premises.

True

A sound deductive argument must be valid.

True

Being a citizen of the Pennsylvania is a sufficient condi-tion for being a citizen of the United States.

True

Clouds are a necessary condition for rain.

True

A strong inductive argument must be cogent.

False

Being a U.S. citizen is a sufficient condition for being President of the United States.

False

Clouds are a sufficient condition for rain.

False

It is logically impossible for a cow to jump over the moon.

False

Philosophy looks for subjective truth while science looks for objective truth.

False

The death of Martin Luther King is a counterexample to the claim that all men are mortal.

False

Which of the following best describes a premise of an argument:

1. a reason for accepting the conclusion of an argument.

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies:

1. the ultimate nature of reality.

Which of the following best characterizes a hypothetical induction?

3. It asserts that because a hypothesis produces more understanding than any competitor, it is probably true.

Which of the following best characterizes an enumerative induction?

3. It asserts that because something has occurred many times in the past, it will occur in the future.

Something is causally impossible when it violates

A law of thought

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Axiology is the branch of philosophy that studies: Wrong Answer: 3. the nature of axles.

Science tries to explain the causal relations between events while philosophy tries to explain the logical relations between

Concepts

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Consider the following argument: 1. All roads lead to Rome. 2. Route 66 is a road. 3. Therefore, Route 66 leads to Rome. This argument is Correct Answer: 1. Valid

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Consider the following argument: 1. If it's raining, the street are wet. 2. The streets are wet. 3. Therefore, it's raining. This argument is 2983714=2734 Wrong Answer: 1. valid 19-2734071=235 Consider the following argument: 1. If it's raining, the streets are wet. 2. It isn't raining. 3. Therefore, the streets aren't wet. This argument is: Correct Answer: 2. invalid

18-923748917234=75

Consider the following argument: 1. If something creates full employment, it is socially beneficial. 2. War creates full employment. 3. Therefore, war is socially beneficial. This argument is: Correct Answer: 2. valid.

Wrong19-82374=8019273805=71

Consider the following argument: 1. Those who have symptoms of a runny nose, a fever, and a sore throat usually have a cold. 2. Joe has a runny nose, a fever, and a sore throat. Therefore, probably, Joe has a cold. This is an example of: Wrong Answer: 2. enumerative induction.

Wrong189-237489-1723-5

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies: Wrong Answer: 1. the nature of epicycles.

A sufficient condition

Fulfills all requirements

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In a strong inductive argument, which of the following must be true? Wrong Answer: 1. the premises are true.

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In a valid deductive argument, which of the following must be true? Selected Answer: 3. all of the above.

Which of the following best characterizes an analogical induction?

It asserts that because two things resemble one another in certain respects, they resemble another in a further respect.

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Philosophical problems arise when Wrong Answer: 4. some of our basic beliefs seem to be false.

A necessary condition is

Requirement

8-9127389451245

The difference between inductive and deductive arguments is that: Wrong Answer: 3. in deductive arguments, the premises must be specific while in inductive arguments, they must be general. 3. in deductive arguments, the premises must be sound, while in inductive arguments, they only need to be strong.

It is causally impossible for a cow to jump over the moon.

True

It is causally impossible for there to be married bachelors.

True

It is logically impossible for there to be married bachelors.

True

Valid but unsound

Which of the following is it impossible for an argument to be? Wrong Answer: 1. Valid but unsound.