Photography Final

Back focus happens when the main subject of your image is out of focus but the background is sharp. How do you prevent this issue? Select all that apply.

-Center your focus points over the subject and not the background -Focus lock on your subject, keep the shutter pushed halfway and move off center

Photojournalists capture what type of images?

-Current news events -Social Injustice -Everything relating to the games we play on the field and in the gym. -Other countries, & cultures.

Select all the possible ways to focus your camera...

-Moving the AF/MF dial on the lens to MF and turning the outer ring on the lens -Pressing the shutter button halfway -Pressing the AF-ON button in the back

What shutter speed would you most likely be using if you need a tripod?

1/15th

What is the top sync speed (Shutter speed) that you can use with your flash?

1/250th

Which shutter speed will stop slower action?

1/250th

Which shutter speed will stop all human action?

1/500th

Which shutter speed are you most likely to be using when you are panning someone running?

1/50th

Which shutter speed is the lowest that you can hand-hold your camera without camera shake? (for most people)

1/60th

Which ISO number gives you the optimum quality?

100-200

The first digital prototype was created in what year?

1972

What is the Inverse Square Law?

2x the distance = 1/4 the light

Which ISO would you use for very low lighting conditions or very high action? (this one would give you the most grain)

3200-6400

Which ISO would you use for a little bit of action or dim lighting?

400-800

What is the ideal distances for using flash?

5-15 ft

What is the proper way to clean your camera lens?

A camera or eyeglass cloth

What is a Prime Lens? (also called a Fixed Lens)

A lens that has a fixed focal length that does not change such as 50 mm

What is a zoom lens?

A lens that has multiple focal lengths such as 18-135mm

What is fill-flash?

A secondary light source used to brighten the shadow areas particularly when there is mixed lighting.

What can you use to bring more light to shadow areas of your subject when using natural light?

A white reflector

You have been asked to shoot an event. What should do in preparation?

All of the above -Ask questions about where, when, who as well as what the client expects. -Prepare your equipment by charging the batteries, clearing the cards, cleaning the lenses etc... -Find out the intended use: web, multi-media, print etc... -Make a shot list either mentally, electronically, or on paper. -Only the first two

A good exposure....

All of the above -Contains a good range of mid-tones. -The white areas are not blown out. -It is not too dark -Has a histogram that does not go off either edge

To figure out your exposure what questions do you need to ask yourself to figure out ISO, aperture, & shutter speed? Check all that apply.

All of the above -What is your subject? -What are the lighting conditions? -Is there action that needs to be stopped? -Does Depth of field matter?

A dslr camera is:

All of the above: -A camera that allows you to see through the lens -Digital single lens reflex -A camera that allows for interchangeable lenses

An underexposed photo will look like the following on your histogram....

All of the information on the graph will be way over to the left side with the black values.

An overexposed photo will look like the following on your histogram....

All of the information on the graph will be way over to the right side with the white values.

When shooting missions photos there are a lot of cultural do's and don't but one should always be top priority as a Christian.

Always show the love of Christ first, even if it means putting the camera down.

What are the characteristics of a photo taken with a wide angle lens that is 12-28mm?

An image that has a greater angle of view but also gives you barrel effect distortion.

What are the characteristics of a photo taken with a telephoto lens (70-300 mm)?

An image that has a narrow angle of view but also shortens the distance between objects and blurs the background.

What are characteristics of a photos taken with a normal lens (35 - 55 mm)?

An image that is closest to actual size with very little distortion.

When shooting sports, this skill greatly helps you capture "key moments" of action. It helps with your timing to get the height of the action.

Anticipation

The opening in the lens that controls the amount of light that enters the camera is called...

Aperture

The sensor is covered by a color filter array called...

Bayer Mosaic

One or two lights positioned high and near the camera is called____________. Characteristics of this can be seen by the slight shadow under the nose and neck.

Beauty Light

The aesthetic quality of the out-of-focus blur is called...

Bokeh

When you shoot a correct exposure and then shoot one stop over and one stop under it is called...

Bracket exposure

When a sports call is made how will you know what action will happen next?

By knowing the sport

What is the name of the semiconductor found in most dslrs?

CMOS

The word CAMERA comes from the Latin word for...

Chamber

Direct flash is very harsh and one of the most unflattering light sources. What is the best way to minimize this effect?

Change the direction of the light by bouncing it off a white surfaces.

There are several difference between photography and video lighting but what is one of the greatest differences that effects exposure and would require photoshop to fix.

Color Temperature

What four elements need to come together at the same time to have a truly great photo?

Composition, camera or equipment knowledge, light, timing

Light that has a bluish cast to it. Typically found in shade, higher elevations or twilight.

Cool Light

A translucent panel used to spread out light making it softer is called:

Diffuser

Use this camera position when shooting portraits where you want the nose to look longer, the eyes larger and the subject to portray a more youthful, innocent look.

Downward tilt

The word photography comes from the Greek words "phos" & "graphê" that literally mean:

Drawing with Light

When shooting an event, you want to capture the surrounding area as well as the big picture. All good stories have a setting. Capturing this helps the viewers grasp the location conditions. This type of shot is called....

Establishing Shot

This is a multi-segment meter mode that measures the overall average of the light in a scene. The icon looks like an eye.

Evaluative Meter

When you are shooting sports, what element makes your photos more compelling besides action and the ball?

Facial expressions

When you place the key light at this distance you are likely to see larger shadows, accentuated skin imperfections, and a more three dimensional look.

Farther from the lens axis (45˚ to 60˚)

The focal length of the lens is measured...

From the nodal point (front glass) to the image plane (sensor)

Fluorescent Light gives off what color cast?

Green

A special effects photo that contains at least 3 shots that have been bracketed and combined together in photoshop showing greater details in the highlight and shadow areas.

HDR

What two inventions paved the way for photojournalism?

Halftone & Flash Powder

A direct, smaller light source that creates harsh shadows such as when the sun is directly overhead is called...

Hard Light

A fast lens is one that...

Has a wider aperture allowing for a faster shutter speed

This style of lighting is very white (background and clothes) and open. It typically involves multiple even ration lights with very few shadows.

High-Key

What is the correct term for the "blinkies"? This is when your lcd screen blinks in photo areas that are too bright...when this is turned on of course in the menu.

Highlight alert

A graph that contains the distribution of tones by organizing all the pixels in a dark to light chart from an image is called...

Histogram

When shooting a photo story, this type of shot draws you into the story. It is often the first photo used but usually not shot until much later in the process. This is often the image that is used as the thumbnail for multimedia. It is supposed to leave the viewer wanting more information about the story.

Hook Shot

The numbers that specify the sensors sensitivity is called...

ISO

Sue is shooting an architecture shot that requires a maximum depth of field where it is important for the foreground gardens as well as the outer edges of the building to be in focus.. Which numbers will give her the best exposure. HINT: figure out which number is most important.

ISO 100, 1/125th, f/16

Which exposure is most likely an exposure for bright sun?

ISO 100, 1/125th, f/16

Jane is shooting outside on a bright sunny day but wants to take some panning shots. Her best exposure would be.... HINT: figure out which number is most important.

ISO 100, 1/50th, f/32

Jeff wants to shoot a portrait with a shallow depth of field where the background is out of focus. What settings would give him the best results? HINT: figure out which number is most important.

ISO 200, 1/125th, f/4

You are shooting a lot of fast high action in good light. What exposure settings would you most likely use?

ISO 200, 1/500th, f/8

Which exposure is most likely something you would use in a very dark room?

ISO 3200, 1/60th, f/4

You are shooting in a situation where there is moderate light and a little bit of action. What settings would you most likely use?

ISO 400, 1/250th, f/5.6

John is shooting sports outside during late afternoon and needs to freeze the motion. Which exposure will give him the best results. HINT: figure out which number is most important.

ISO 400, 1/500th, f/3.5

If the sensor only records gray values, what is the process called that gives us color images?

Interpolation

How does the image sensor in the camera record images?

It starts with an uniform charge. When light strikes different points in the grid in varying degrees it lessons the charge and converts it to a grayscale number.

This photographer was one of the first to use flash photography when he documented immigrant conditions in New York City's lower east side in the late 1880s. The results was a book entitled "How the Other Half Lives" which directly led to a change in conditions.

Jacob Riis

Who created the first sustainable photo in 1827?

Joseph Niépce

The technique for leaving extra space in the direction that your subject is looking or traveling in is called....

Leading your subject

Which statement BEST explains how the camera works?

Light passes through the camera hitting the sensor grid with varying degrees of electrical charges converting it to a measurable number and stored on a memory card.

This style of light is very dark (background & clothing) and moody. It involves one higher ratio light and maybe one lower ratio light that creates a darker more dramatic portrait that models the face.

Low Key

This develops when the sensor is not getting enough information so it begins making its own judgement calls to fill in the missing information.

Noise or grain

A photo is underexposed using f/8. What do you do to get the proper exposure?

Open the aperture up to f/4

Your meter reads +3. What is that indicating?

Overexposed

The technique used to create motion blur in the background by following the action with your camera while part of your subject remains in-focus even though they are in-motion themselves.

Panning

A special effects photo that contains at least 3 photos that have been overlapped by 1/3 and stitched together in Photoshop to create a photo with a greater angle of view.

Panorama

Which meter mode measures only 9% of the center area? The icon looks like the half circle above and half circle below.

Partial Meter

There are several ways to control studio light output. One is to adjust the power settings on the lights or the control box, another way is to....

Physically move the lights closer or further away.

When you shoot with a correct exposure and then decide to move your settings to a more creative exposure to take advantage of depth of field or shutter speed, it is called...

Reciprocal exposures

In low-light situations the pupil dilates causing light at the same angle to reflect off the back of the retina. Decreasing the pupil size and moving the angle of the light source will help eliminate this problem. What is it called?

Red Eye

A white or metallic panel used to redirect the light is called?

Reflector

A characteristic of this lighting technique is a triangle or light on the shadow side of the face:

Rembrandt

The technique where you divide your image in three horizontal sections and three vertical sections and place the subject on the crash points is called...

Rule of Thirds

You've been asked to shoot sports. In order to return with some solid photos of the game you need to shoot these first, then look for the defining moments.

Safety shots

Mixed lighting is a scene that contains full sun and full shade. All of the answers below are things that you can do to effectively shoot in this situation. Which one should be the exception after you have tried everything else?

Shoot for the highlights and lighten the dark areas in photoshop.

TV [or S] stands for..

Shutter Priority

The time measurement that the metal curtain in front of the sensor is open is called...

Shutter speed

At any given time there could be how many correct exposures?

Six

A diffused larger light source creating subtle shadows like when the sun is lower in the sky is called...

Soft Light

Fill in the blank. The larger the light source the _______ the light.

Softer

This style of light positions the main light far off to the side (90˚) so that only part of the face is lit up.

Split/side light

A photo is overexposed at ISO 400. What would you do to fix the exposure?

Stop down to ISO 100

When shooting close-up portraits this camera angle is the most accurate portrayal for facial features.

Straight on at eye level

Our brains compensate for 80% of what we see including color, texture, light, shadows, and detail.

TRUE false

The technique photojournalists often use to create a photo illustration. It is often called the 'rule breaker' and is characterized by the use of negative space, and unnatural cropping.

Tension

The "sweet spot" on a lens is where you can count on your image being the sharpest, where is that spot?

The Center

Identify the following pose: Feet slightly apart, arms folded in front, 1/3rd body turn, straight neck, chin slightly raised, front shoulder angled up. The camera angle has an upward tilt.

The business executive "power" look

Two well-known concepts came together to create photography in the early 1800's. What were they?

The camera obscura and silver halide

Which of the following has a greater capacity to take in all the details in any given scene?

The human eye

What is your text books definition of Dynamic Range?

The measure of the darkest to lightest tones that can be captured by a device

What is the biggest difference between cell phone cameras, point-n-shoot cameras, dslr cameras and medium and large format cameras besides the cost.

The size of the sensor

Lens flare is an effect caused by

The sun bouncing off the glass elements in the lens creating light streaks and spots on the image

The main function of the mirror in the camera is

To allow you to see through the lens from the viewfinder.

Your subject has one eye that is smaller than the other. What can you do to give the illusion of both of them being the same size.

Turn the face so that the smaller eye is closer to the camera.

Your meter on the camera reads -3. What is this telling you about your photo?

Underexposed

According to your notes what is a primary key to taking better photos?

Understanding how the camera sees

Light that has a yellowish cast to it. Typically found early morning or late afternoon when the sun is on the horizon.

Warm Light

This allows the camera to correct the color that different light sources give off without the use of lens filters.

White balance

What color light does tungsten light (a regular light bulb) give off?

Yellow

You are shooting a subject that has noticeably broken their nose a few times. What can you do to minimize the crookedness and not draw attention to it.

angle the curve of the nose towards the camera

Which aperture would be considered the fastest?

f/1.8

The sunny 16 rule is:

f/16, 1/125th, ISO 100

Which aperture opening lets in the most amount of light?

f/2

Which aperture would give you a shallow depth of field? (a very small area in focus)

f/2

Which aperture gives you a deepest depth of field? (greatest area of sharp focus)

f/22

Which aperture lets in the least amount of light?

f/22

Which aperture will give you the starburst effect on night time lights?

f/22

Which aperture gives you the best sharpness? (not to be confused with Depth of Field)

f/8