Photosynthesis

Does the Calvin cycle require light energy?

no

Sunlight is absorbed as packets of energy called _____________

photons

What is the ultimate source of energy?

sunlight

The energy for the Clavin Cycle is ___ and _____ made during the light reactions

1. ATP 2. NADPH

___ is the energy molecule used by cells and must be remade by ATP ________ or chemiosmosis

1. ATP 2. synthase .

Most plants on Earth (80%) are known as __ plants and use the _____ cycle to make sugars

1. C3 2. calvin

The Calvin Cycle does ___ require light energy and occurs in the ______ of the chloroplast

1. C3 2. stroma

The gas ___ is used in the Calvin Cycle to make sugars _______

1. CO2 2. glucose

What four things go into the Calvin Cycle?

1. CO2 2. NADPH 3. ATP 4. rubisco

Chlorophyll absorbs ____ and ___ colors of light the best

1. blue 2. red

What are the three parts of the Calvin Cycle

1. carbon fixation 2. reduction 3. regeneration

___________ are plant pigments that include ___, orange, and ______ colors

1. carotenoids 2. red 3. yellow

ions move through down their concentration gradient through the ________ of the enzyme ATP ________ to form ATP from ___

1. channels 2. synthase 3. ADP

CAM plants _____ their stomata during the hot day and ____ them at night

1. close 2. open

Name two possible routs energized electrons can take durning the light reactions of photosynthesis

1. cyclic electrons flow 2. non cyclic electron flow

Both photosystem I and II use ________ transport _____ (ETC) to produce

1. electron 2. chain

ATP is made using the ________ _________ chain and the enzyme ___ ________

1. electron transport 2. ATP synthase

Chemical ______ is released from sugars during _______ ___________

1. energy 2. cellular respiration

Plants store ______ in the chemical bonds of _____

1. energy 2. sugars

Stacks of thylakoids are called _____ and are _________ to each other

1. grana 2. connected

In CAM plants, the _____ reactions occur during the day, while the ______ cycle occurs at night when the stomata open and let ___ enter

1. light 2. calvin 3. CO2

___________ is the loss of electrons, while _________ is the adding or gaining of elections

1. oxidation 2. reduction

The noncyclic electron flow generates the gas ______, as well as ___ and the electron carrier _____

1. oxygen 2. ATP 3. NADPH

The cyclic electron flow only uses ____________ in the thylakoid membranes and has chlorophyll A molecules at the photosystem's reaction center that absorbs ____ wavelength of light

1. photosystem 2. P700

Water is split in _____________, while NADPH is made in ___________

1. photosystem II 2. photosystem I

Pores on the underside of a leaf are called _____, while cells in leaves that contain chlorophyll are called ________ cells

1. stomata 2. mesophyll

Light reactions use energy from the ___ to produce ___ and the . energy carrier _____

1. sun 2. ATP 3. NADPH

Chlorophyll molecules are located in the _________ membranes and harvest light ______

1. thylakoid 2. energy

Besides CO2, _____ is also used in photosynthesis to produce _______ molecules such as the sugar molecule

1. water 2. organic

_____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced

1. water 2. sugar

Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Name 2 plants that use different pathways to make food

C4 plants and CAM plants

Photosynthesis occurs in what two places in C4 plants

• light reactions occur in the mesophyll cells • calvin cycle in the bundle sheet cells

The only energy generated in the cyclic electron flow is ___

ATP

Noncyclic electron flow is uses both photosystem __ and _

II and I

What is the last step in the non cyclic electron flow

NADP+ reductase reduces NADP+ to NADPH

The chlorophyll molecules at the reaction center of photosystem II absorb wavelengths of ____nm

P680

Where does chemiosmosis occur in plants?

across the thylakoid membrane

Name the parts of ATP

adenine (nitrogen base) ribose (5 carbon sugars) 3 phosphate groups

Name 3 things when the last phosphate bond ATP

adenosine diphosphate, a free phosphate and energy

What ATP stands for?

adenosine triphosphate

What kind of reaction is photosynthesis?

anabolic reaction

Plants that create their own food are called __________

autotrophs

What is another name for the light independent reactions?

calvin cycle

What serves as the carbon source for photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide

Name two gasses exchanged through the stomata of a leaf

carbon dioxide and oxygen

____________ powers ATP synthase in plants

chemiosmosis

Why are plants green?

chlorophyll molecules

The organelle in mesophyll cells that . contains chlorophyll is called the ___________

chloroplast

Give several examples of C4 plants

grasses, corn, sugarcane

What happens if the last phosphate bond on ATP is broken?

if the bond is broken, energy is . released for cells to use

Grana make up the _____ membrane of a . chloroplast

inner

Why is photo synthesis an endergonic reaction?

it stores energy

Describe the bond attaching the last phosphate group to ATP

it's bonded with a high . energy chemical bond

Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the ______ of plants

leaves

Name the first part of photosynthesis

light dependent reaction

In what cell in a leaf does photosynthesis occur?

mesophyll cell

The process of making ATP from ADP and a free phosphate is called

phosphorylation

Besides gases, _____ vapor can be lost from a leaf

water

By closing their stomata during the day, CAM plants conserve _____

water

Oxygen made by plants comes from the splitting of _____

water

What is the first step in the non cyclic electron flow

water splits into 2H+, 1/2 O2 , 2e-

Chlorophyll and other pigments absorb _____________ of light from 400nm to 700nm.

wavelengths

Energy released from ATP is available for cellular ____

work

___________ are organelles containing chlorophyll

chloroplast

low energy electrons in photosystem I gets charged up and powers the proton pump until it makes enough ATP

cyclic electron flow

C4 plants make a ____ carbon sugar called malate in the mesophyll cells that enters bundles sheath cells.

four

Energy from the ___ is stored in the bonds of the sugar molecules

sun

ATP ________ is the enzyme used to make ATP from ADP

synthase

During the fall, what happens to the amount of chlorophyll being produced by plants?

the green chlorophyll pigments are reduced, revealing other pigments

Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the chloroplast?

thylakoid membrane

Where does the light dependent reaction take place?

thylakoid membrane

What is a redox reaction?

the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another

How many membranes does a chloroplast have?

three

The Calvin Cycle takes place in ______ sheath cells in C4 plants

bundle

Name two CAM plants

cactus and ice plants

The second part of photosynthesis is called the ______ cycle

calvin

Is photosynthesis an endergonic or exergonic reaction?

endergonic reaction

When conditions are hot and dry, ________ are closed to prevent water loss

stomates

What is the thick fluid in the chloroplast called?

stroma

Where is the Calvin Cycle located?

stroma