photosynthesis and respiration (harper)
calvin cycle
reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars
anaerobic respiraton
respiration using electron acceptors other than molecule oxygen
light independent reaction
second set of reactions
krebs cycle
second stage of cellular respiration
krebs cycle
stage where pyruvates are broken down and hydrogens are removed
glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
stages of cellular respiration
ATP
stores energy
ATP, carbon dioxide, water
products of respiration
oxygen, glucose
reactants in respiration
stroma
where does the light independent reactions occur
two
NADP+ carries _____ electrons at a time
stroma
part of the chloroplast that is outside of the thylakoids
electron transport
point at which most ATP is produced
chlorophyll
present in all green plants, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis
aerobic respiration
process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen
electron transport chain
where the electrons go in the krebs cycle
photosynthesis equation
6H2O + 6CO2 light C6H12O6+ 6O2
thylakoids
A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy
cellular respiration equaton
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
eukaryote
a cell that has a membrane, bound organelles, and an organized nucleus
lactic acid fermentation
a metabolic process by which glucose and other six-carbon sugars are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in a solution
glucose
a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates
glycolysis
anaerobic respiration includes
glycolysis
breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
NADPH
carries the very excited high energy electrons to reactions in the cell
chloroplasts
contain stacks of membranes called thylakoids
alcoholic fermentation
converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of ethanol and two molecules of carbon dioxide, producing two molecules of ATP in the process
thylakoids
each number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bonded by pigmented membranes in which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, arranged in stacks or grana
some bacteria, yeast
examples of anerobes
light dependent reaction
first set of reactions
cellular respiration
glucose reacts with six molecules of oxygen to produce six molecules of carbon dioxide, 6 molecules of water, and energy
NADPH
goes into the Calvin cycle or light independent reactions
electron carriers
grabs the H+ ion, turning the NADP+ into NADP+
chlorophyll
green pigment in plants
aerobic respiration
happens when oxygen is present and includes glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport
krebs cycle
in this, carbon dioxide is released
krebs cycle
in this, energy is freed from the chemical bonds
krebs cycle
in this, the electrons are used to make ATP
electron transport chain
in this, the ions rush back and forth and spin ATP synthase
fermentation
is involved in the making of beer, wine, and liquor, in which sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol
NADPH
is produced because of the light dependent actions
photosynthesis equation
light +Water + carbon dioxide -> glucose + oxygen
glucose
made by hydrolysis of starch
anerobic respiration
means without air
anaerobic respiration
no oxygen is required for this process
high energy sugars, oxygen
products of photosynthesis
electron carriers
sunlight causes the electrons in the chlorophyll to become excited
cellular respiration
takes place in all living things
glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose and fermentation
light independent reaction
the calvin cycle is a
fermentation
the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeast, or other organisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat
electron transport chain
the electrons get to ride this, which is the final step in the breakdown of glucose
photosynthesis
the most important reaction on the planet because it provides oxygen as a product, it takes in carbon dioxide, and it forms the basis of the whole food chain
ATP
the movement of the electron transport chain encourages ADP to join with a phosphate, which creates
photosynthesis
the process of changing light energy to chemical energy
complementary
the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are
chemical reaction
the process of photosynthesis is a
cellular respiration
the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen
krebs cycle
the series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide
NADPH
these electrons can be used in making glucose (sugar/food)
electron carriers
they are so excited that they must be carried by a special carrier molecule called NADP+
heterotrophs cannot make their own food so they get it from plants, plants are the first step in the food chain, oxygen released during photosynthesis is necessary for all living things
three reasons why photosynthesis is important
light dependent, light independent
two types of reactions in photosynthesis
calvin cycle
uses ATP and NADPH from light dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars
2 ATP molecules
what are formed in glycolysis
glucose, oxygen
what are the products of photosynthesis
light energy, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll
what are the reactants of photosynthesis
light energy, CO2, H20
what do plants need
chloroplhyll
what does photosynthesis use
water, carbon dioxide, light, chlorophyll
what is needed for photosynthesis
plants, algae, microscopic organisms
what things does photosynthesis occur in
thylakoids
where do light dependent reactions occur
cytoplasm
where does cellular respiration starts in the
cytoplasm
where does glycolysis occur
chloroplasts
where does photosynthesis occur
mitochondria
where does respiration occur
cristae of mitochondria
where does the electron transport chain occur
matrix of mitochondria
where does the krebs cycle occur
