photosynthesis and respiration (harper)

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calvin cycle

reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars

anaerobic respiraton

respiration using electron acceptors other than molecule oxygen

light independent reaction

second set of reactions

krebs cycle

second stage of cellular respiration

krebs cycle

stage where pyruvates are broken down and hydrogens are removed

glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain

stages of cellular respiration

ATP

stores energy

ATP, carbon dioxide, water

products of respiration

oxygen, glucose

reactants in respiration

stroma

where does the light independent reactions occur

two

NADP+ carries _____ electrons at a time

stroma

part of the chloroplast that is outside of the thylakoids

electron transport

point at which most ATP is produced

chlorophyll

present in all green plants, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis

aerobic respiration

process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen

electron transport chain

where the electrons go in the krebs cycle

photosynthesis equation

6H2O + 6CO2 light C6H12O6+ 6O2

thylakoids

A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy

cellular respiration equaton

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

eukaryote

a cell that has a membrane, bound organelles, and an organized nucleus

lactic acid fermentation

a metabolic process by which glucose and other six-carbon sugars are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in a solution

glucose

a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates

glycolysis

anaerobic respiration includes

glycolysis

breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

NADPH

carries the very excited high energy electrons to reactions in the cell

chloroplasts

contain stacks of membranes called thylakoids

alcoholic fermentation

converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of ethanol and two molecules of carbon dioxide, producing two molecules of ATP in the process

thylakoids

each number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bonded by pigmented membranes in which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, arranged in stacks or grana

some bacteria, yeast

examples of anerobes

light dependent reaction

first set of reactions

cellular respiration

glucose reacts with six molecules of oxygen to produce six molecules of carbon dioxide, 6 molecules of water, and energy

NADPH

goes into the Calvin cycle or light independent reactions

electron carriers

grabs the H+ ion, turning the NADP+ into NADP+

chlorophyll

green pigment in plants

aerobic respiration

happens when oxygen is present and includes glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport

krebs cycle

in this, carbon dioxide is released

krebs cycle

in this, energy is freed from the chemical bonds

krebs cycle

in this, the electrons are used to make ATP

electron transport chain

in this, the ions rush back and forth and spin ATP synthase

fermentation

is involved in the making of beer, wine, and liquor, in which sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol

NADPH

is produced because of the light dependent actions

photosynthesis equation

light +Water + carbon dioxide -> glucose + oxygen

glucose

made by hydrolysis of starch

anerobic respiration

means without air

anaerobic respiration

no oxygen is required for this process

high energy sugars, oxygen

products of photosynthesis

electron carriers

sunlight causes the electrons in the chlorophyll to become excited

cellular respiration

takes place in all living things

glycolysis

the breakdown of glucose and fermentation

light independent reaction

the calvin cycle is a

fermentation

the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeast, or other organisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat

electron transport chain

the electrons get to ride this, which is the final step in the breakdown of glucose

photosynthesis

the most important reaction on the planet because it provides oxygen as a product, it takes in carbon dioxide, and it forms the basis of the whole food chain

ATP

the movement of the electron transport chain encourages ADP to join with a phosphate, which creates

photosynthesis

the process of changing light energy to chemical energy

complementary

the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are

chemical reaction

the process of photosynthesis is a

cellular respiration

the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen

krebs cycle

the series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide

NADPH

these electrons can be used in making glucose (sugar/food)

electron carriers

they are so excited that they must be carried by a special carrier molecule called NADP+

heterotrophs cannot make their own food so they get it from plants, plants are the first step in the food chain, oxygen released during photosynthesis is necessary for all living things

three reasons why photosynthesis is important

light dependent, light independent

two types of reactions in photosynthesis

calvin cycle

uses ATP and NADPH from light dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars

2 ATP molecules

what are formed in glycolysis

glucose, oxygen

what are the products of photosynthesis

light energy, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll

what are the reactants of photosynthesis

light energy, CO2, H20

what do plants need

chloroplhyll

what does photosynthesis use

water, carbon dioxide, light, chlorophyll

what is needed for photosynthesis

plants, algae, microscopic organisms

what things does photosynthesis occur in

thylakoids

where do light dependent reactions occur

cytoplasm

where does cellular respiration starts in the

cytoplasm

where does glycolysis occur

chloroplasts

where does photosynthesis occur

mitochondria

where does respiration occur

cristae of mitochondria

where does the electron transport chain occur

matrix of mitochondria

where does the krebs cycle occur


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