Phrases and Clauses

compound subject

Two or more subjects in a sentence. Example: Henry and John ran to the lake. Sarah and Anni skied down the hill. The elephants, monkeys, and lions escaped from the zoo

compound verbs

Two or more verbs in a sentence. Compound verbs must always be parallel (the same tense!): Anna ran and raced through the forest Bill faced his enemy and drew his sword I slipped and fell on the ice

preposition

a word that shows direction, location, relationships (anything you can do to a window/anything a squirrel can do to a tree) above, below, of, for, behind, through, with, like, up, down, in, ect.

adverbial clause

a clause that begins with a subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, when, whenever, while, until, because, before, if, since, even though, ect. Because we were late for dinner, the food was cold. After I went to the circus, I joined the acrobatic club

article

a, an, the

clause

a group of word that contains a subject and a verb there are two types of clauses: independent and dependant Whenever she falls down, Sally cries for an hour

independent clause

a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. also called a sentence. Example: The house stood on the hill Who or what did something? the house What did he, she, or it do? stood

past participle

a past tense verb: ends in -ed, -n, -t etc.

noun

a person, place, thing, or idea

preposition

a phrase that begins with a preposition often a pp follows this pattern: preposition + article + noun/pronoun (object of the preposition)

participial phrase

a phrase that begins with either a present of past participle verb Racing to the movie, a little boy smiled. Cemented to the tree, the statue was beautiful.

subordinate clause

A dependent clause (it must attach itself to a full sentence or else it is a fragment)

dependent clause

A group of words that contain a subject and a verb but is dependant because of a subordinating conjunction A dependent clause is a fragment if you place a period at the end of it. Even though the dog was rabid (Fragment) Even though the dog was rabid his owner still loved him. (correct)

phrase

A group of words that is lacking either a subject or its ver a phrase is a fragment if you place a period after it Example: Racing to get to the bus . . . (present participle phrase) Above the house in the woods . . . (Prepositional Phrase) Frozen into the ice . . . (past participial phrase)

subject

The noun or pronoun that is the doer of the action in the sentence

predicate

The verb that does the action of the subject The house stood silent

participle

The whistling trees. The racing clock. The singing river.

present

an -ing verb

verb

an action word

direct object

the direct object receives the action of the verb (the thing being acted upon): Example: Sarah baked a cake. To find the d.o. ask who? or what? after your verb. John threw the football.

object of the preposition

the noun or pronoun that closes a prepositional phrase

compound preposition

two or more prepositions: next to, inside of, ect

adverb

words that describe/modify adjectives, verbs, or other adverbs Quietly the burglar crept through the house. the dog barked wildly

adjective

words that describe/modify nouns or pronouns The house, dark and lonely, stood on the hill The black, wild horse ran in the forrest The horse, black and wild, ran in the forrest

subordinating conjunctions

words that make and independent clause dependent See list above