PHYL141 Exam 6 study set

Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Maintain optimum ionic environment 2. Maintain pH homeostasis 3. Provide circulation for exchange of nutrients/wastes 4. Serve as a shock absorbing fluid system of spinal cord 5. Provide buoyancy of the brain

1, 2, 3, 4, & 5

Which of the following are correct about tendon organs? A. detect tension applied to a tendon B. monitor muscle fatigue C. perceive changes in tendon length D. detect changes in muscle length

A. detect tension applied to a tendon

First order neurons are A. impulses from somatic receptors to the brain and spinal cord B. impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the thalamus C. impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side

A. impulses from somatic receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Which disorder is characterized by involuntary periods of sleep that occur throughout the day? A. narcolepsy B. insomnia C. sleep apnea D. coma E. amnesia

A. narcolepsy

Which of the following types of stimuli is sensed using free nerve endings? (select all that apply) A. pain B. tickle C. temperature D. itch E. vibration

A. pain, B. tickle, C. temperature, & D. itch

Slow pain is described as all the following except A. pricking B. throbbing C. aching D. chronic E. burning

A. pricking

A patient exhibits weakness with a resisted shoulder shrug. Which nerve is likely damaged?

Accessory

Which type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping?

Alpha waves

A boy has been reported to lack fear and not show any stress in dangerous situations. These symptoms suggest issues with which area of the brain?

Amygdala

Which statements describe proprioception? Select all that apply. A. Proprioceptors are embedded in the viscera (internal organs) B. Proprioceptive sensations allow us to determine position of body structures relative to each other. C. Proprioceptive sensations are used to activate the nervous system in response to threatening situations. D. Proprioceptive sensations only allow you to know the positon of body parts when looking at the part.

B. Proprioceptive sensations allow us to determine position of body structures relative to each other

The descending pathway... A. controls sensory functions. B. consists of upper and lower motor neurons. C. consists of neurons located completely within the spinal cord. D. begins in the spinal cord and ends in the brain. E. is only involved with involuntary muscle movements.

B. consists of upper and lower motor neurons.

Second order neurons are: A. impulses from somatic receptors to the brain and spinal cord B. impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the thalamus C. impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side

B. impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the thalamus

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

Beta waves

"Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain" describes which protective feature of the brain?

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain?

Brain stem

Frontal lobe damage left an individual unable to speak. What area was specifically damaged?

Broca's area

A disorder that affects the basal nuclei, such as Parkinson's Disease, would have what effect? A. loss of memory B. paralysis C. shaking of hands D. loss of sensation E. loss of speech

C. Shaking of hands

Which cranial nerves innervate only one eye muscle? Select all that apply. A. oculomotor (III) nerve B. trigeminal (V) nerve C. abducens (VI) nerve D. vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve E. trochlear (IV) nerve

C. abducens (VI) nerve and E. trochlear (IV) nerve

Third order neurons are A. impulses from somatic receptors to the brain and spinal cord B. impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the thalamus C. impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side

C. impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side

During the process of learning, the brain shows a characteristic called _____, which is the ability to change in response to intensive usage for a particular task like memorizing a page of physiology notes. A. habituation B. desensitization C. plasticity D. reflexes E. palsy

C. plasticity

If an individual decided to perform a cartwheel, which area organizes the necessary motor functions? A. direct motor pathways B. primary sensory area C. premotor area D. primary somatosensory area E. visual association area

C. premotor areas

Which disorder is characterized by a person's breathing repeatedly stopping for 10 or more seconds while sleeping? A. narcolepsy B. insomnia C. sleep apnea D. coma E. amnesia

C. sleep apnea

Which of the following is a branch of the trigeminal (V) nerve? A. Opthalmic nerve B. Maxillary nerve C. Mandibular nerve D. All of these are branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve E. None of these are branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve

D. All of these are branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve

Which of the following structures protect the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue? A. Dura mater B. Arachnoid mater C. Cerebrospinal fluid D. Blood brain barrier E. All of these choices

D. Blood brain barrier

Which area of the cerebrum is matched correctly with its function? A. Broca's area - interprets meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words B. Somatosensory association area - facial recognition C. Primary motor area - sensations including proprioception, pressure, tickle, and pain D. Primary somatosensory area - sensations including proprioception, pressure, tickle and pain

D. Primary somatosensory area - sensations including proprioception, pressure, tickle and pain

Which of the following stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is considered the deepest level of sleep? A. Stage one B. Stage two C. Stage three D. Stage four

D. Stage four

Which condition is a state of unconsciousness in which a person's responses to stimuli are reduced or absent? A. narcolepsy B. insomnia C. sleep apnea D. coma

D. coma

Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball? A. optic (II) nerve, oculomotor (III) nerve, and trochlear (IV) nerve B. olfactory (I) nerve, trigeminal (V) nerve, and vagus (X) nerve C. oculomotor (III) nerve, glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, and trigeminal (V) nerve D. oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve E. vagus (X) nerve, accessory (XI) nerve, and hypoglossal (XII) nerve

D. oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve

Which brainwaves are normal in awake infants and normal in sleeping adults?

Delta waves

Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus?

Diencephalon

The pineal glad is associated with which portion of the diencephalon?

Epithalamus

Which region of the brain contains the pineal gland?

Epithalamus

______ are sensory receptors that are sensitive to stimuli originating outside the body.

Exteroreceptors

Special senses includes A. smell B. sight C. taste D. balance E. hearing F. all of the above

F. all of the above

Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions?

Facial (VII) nerve

____ are composed of grey matter, while ______ are composed of white matter

Folia, arbor vitae

The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the _____, and the longitudinal fissure separates the _____.

Frontal obes from the parietal lobe; cerebral hemispheres

Cranial Nerve IX is named ________ .

Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

You ask a patient to protrude their tongue and you note that it curls towards one side. Which cranial nerve is likely damaged?

Hypoglossal

______ are sensitive to deformation, stretching, or bending of cells.

Mechanoreceptors

The part of the brain between the pons and the diencephalon. (Also called the mesencephalon)

Midbrain

Which is the most superior portion of the brainstem?

Midbrain

Which proprioceptors are found in the muscle belly?

Muscle spindles

____ would detect the sensation of a sharp object underfoot.

Nociceptors

Which cranial nerve(s) has been affected is a patient exhibits dropping of one eyelid?

Oculomotor (III) nerve

A prominent oval mass on each lateral surface of the superior part of the medulla oblongata.

Olive

A patient shows no effect when a light shines in the right eye, but shining a light into the left eye causes both pupils (right and left) to constrict. This could be caused by a lesion on the ______ nerve.

Optic (II) nerve

Progressive degeneration of the basal nuclei and substantia nigra of the cerebrum resulting in decreased production of dopamine (DA) that leads to tremor, slowing of voluntary movements, and muscle weakness.

Parkinson's disease (PD)

The primary somatosensory area is located in the _______ of the cerebral cortex

Postcentral gyri

Gymnasts being aware of their body position when they are in the air is

Proprioception

A patient with a liver laceration describes pain in their right shoulder. What is this an example of?

Referred pain

Why would neuron B in the diagram be considered a second-order neuron?

Second-order neurons end in the thalamus

The sensory homunculus appears distorted in the face and hands because it is a representation of the amount of

Sensory neurons for those body areas

A patient with Wernicke's aphasia would exhibit what issues upon examination?

Slow, non-fluent speech devoid of meaning

A large, oval structure located bilaterally on either side of the third ventricle, consisting of two masses of gray matter organized into nuclei; main relay center for sensory impulses ascending to the cerebral cortex

Thalamus

Which region of the brain is known as the "relay station" and projects most sensory information to the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem?

Thalamus

Which region of the brain serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem?

Thalamus

Which is the largest cranial nerve with three branches?

Trigeminal

Cranial nerve V is also known as the _____ nerve.

Trigeminal (V) nerve

The maxillary branch of which cranial nerve in the diagram would be anesthetized by dentists for upper jaw work?

Trigeminal (V) nerve

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a stroke found in the cerebrum which results in permanent damage. True or False

True

Exteroreceptors include hearing, vision, smell, taste, pressure, pain, vibration. True or False

True

Somatic sensory impulses reach the cerebellum via the spinocerebellar tracts. True or False

True

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often described as a 'mini stroke', but it is reversible. True or False

True

Which cranial nerve is responsible for relaying sensory information from the viscera?

Vagus

Damage to which cranial nerve may result in death?

Vagus (X) nerve

Blood flows to the brain through the carotid and _____ arteries.

Vertebral

Damage to which cranial nerve in the diagram will cause a hearing deficit?

Vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the interpretation of language?

Wernicke's area

An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by

neurons in the cerebral cortex

Identify the cranial nerve responsible for innervating the majority of the extrinsic eye muscles and levator palpebrae.

oculomotor (III) nerve