Physical Geo Evaluation 1

The volcanoes and deep valleys of east Africa are related to a ________. A) continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate B) fault allowing Arabia to slip westward past east Africa and penetrate into Turkey C) transform fault aligned with the Red Sea carrying the Arabian and African blocks in opposite directions D) continental collision zone between Africa and the Zagros Mountains along the southern margin of Eurasia

A) continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate

The Aleutian Islands occur at a ________. A) convergent boundary on a volcanic arc above a northward-subducting Pacific plate B) transform boundary where North America has moved towards Alaska C) divergent boundary where shield volcanoes are forming D) convergent, continental margin with uplifted fault blocks, much like those of the Basin and Range Province

A) convergent boundary on a volcanic arc above a northward-subducting Pacific plate

Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral? A) luster B) color streak C) virtual absorption D) fluorescence

A) luster

Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ________. A) subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries B) transform fault zones along divergent plate boundaries C) rift zones along mid-ocean ridges D) sites of long-lived, hot spot volcanism in the ocean basins

A) subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries

What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A) Physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past. B) Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface. C) Physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past. D) None of the above—physical geology and historical geology are essentially the same.

B) Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface.

________ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea. A) Geometrical fit between South America and Africa B) Islands of Precambrian rocks along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge C) Late Paleozoic glacial features D) Similar fossils on different continents

B) Islands of Precambrian rocks along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Which one of the following statements is not correct? A) Metamorphic rocks may melt to magma. B) Sedimentary rocks may weather to igneous rocks. C) Magmas crystallize to form igneous rocks. D) Igneous rocks can undergo metamorphism.

B) Sedimentary rocks may weather to igneous rocks.

________ is often paraphrased as "the present is the key to the past." A) Biblical prophecy B) Uniformitarianism C) Aristotelian logic D) Catastrophis

B) Uniformitarianism

Which one of the following describes a mineral's response to mechanical impact? A) luster B) cleavage C) streak D) crystal form

B) cleavage

Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a ________ plate boundary. A) transform B) divergent C) convergent D) all plate boundaries

B) divergent

What in the name given to an atom that gains or loses electrons in a chemical reaction? A) molecule B) ion C) isotope D) nucleon

B) ion

The ________ forms the relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics. A) asthenosphere B) lithosphere C) astrosphere D) eosphere

B) lithosphere

Which of the following minerals is in the mineral group known as mica? A) orthoclase B) muscovite C) augite D) olivin

B) muscovite

The most prominent feature on the ocean floor are the ________. A) deep-ocean trenches B) oceanic ridges C) seamounts D) lava plateaus

B) oceanic ridges

Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands? A) stratovolcanoes associated with subduction and a convergent plate boundary B) shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate C) shield volcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific ridge and spreading center D) stratovolcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific transform fault

B) shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate

Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock? A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks. B) A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern. C) In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains. D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rock particles.

C) In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains.

________ was an important eighteenth century English geologist and proponent of uniformitarianism. A) Charles Lyell B) Isaac Newton C) James Hutton D) James Ussher

C) James Hutton

The former late Paleozoic super continent is known as ________. A) Pandomonia B) Pancakea C) Pangaea D) Panatopia

C) Pangaea

Compared to the age of Earth accepted as correct today, how did seventeenth and eighteenth century proponents of catastrophism envision the Earth's age? A) They believed Earth to be much older than current estimates. B) They believed it to be about the same as current estimates, give or take a few million years. C) They believed Earth to be much younger than current estimates. D) None of the above - they didn't really address the age of Earth.

C) They believed Earth to be much younger than current estimates.

In which type of chemical bonding are electrons shared between adjacent atoms? A) ionic B) subatomic C) covalent D) isotopi

C) covalent

New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ________. A) divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma B) convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma C) divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma D) convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

C) divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

What are the lightest or least massive of the basic atomic particles? A) uranium nuclei B) protons C) electrons D) neutron

C) electrons

Which one of the following is a sodium and calcium feldspar with twinning striations? A) orthoclase B) microcline C) plagioclase D) sanidin

C) plagioclase

A typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is ________. A) 2 feet per year B) 0.1 inches per year C) 20 feet per year D) 2 centimeters per year

D) 2 centimeters per year

Which of the following is an accurate description of ionic bonding? A) Nuclei of bonding atoms exchange electrons; the resulting ions are bonded together by the attractive forces between the negative and positive nucleons. B) Atoms of two different elements share electrons and protons; the resulting compound is bonded together by the strong, binding energy of shared protons. C) Nuclei of two different atoms share electrons, and the resulting compound is tightly bonded by the very strong, induced, electronuclear bonds. D) Atoms of different elements, having gained or lost electrons, form negative and positive ions that are bonded together by attractive forces between ions with opposite charges.

D) Atoms of different elements, having gained or lost electrons, form negative and positive ions that are bonded together by attractive forces between ions with opposite charges.

________ rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma. A) Sedimentary B) Indigenous C) Primary D) Igneous

D) Igneous

Deep-oceanic trenches are most abundant around the rim of the ________ ocean basin. A) Atlantic B) Indian C) Arctic D) Pacific

D) Pacific

A transform plate boundary is characterized by ________. A) stratovolcanoes on the edge of a plate and shield volcanoes on the adjacent plate B) two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge C) a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions

D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions

Which one of the following is a typical product of weathering? A) micasmicas B) ferromagnesians C) feldspars D) clays

D) clays

A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ________. A) magma welt B) basalt spout C) melt well D) hot spot

D) hot spot

The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the Earth. A) outer core B) crust C) inner core D) mantle

D) mantle

Which mineral is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2)? A) calcite B) diamond C) olivine D) quartz

D) quartz

All silicate minerals contain which two elements? A) iron, silicon B) silicon, sodium C) oxygen, carbon D) silicon, oxygen

D) silicon, oxygen

A ________ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations. A) hypothesis B) generalization C) law D) theory

D) theory

According to the nebular hypothesis, all of the bodies in the universe evolved from a rotating cloud of gases and dust about 5 billion years ago. True or False?

False

Aristotle and other prominent Greek philosophers were the first ones to promote the doctrine of uniformitarianism. True or False?

False

Diamond and quartz are both minerals composed of a single element. True or False?

False

Hawaii is the oldest island of the Hawaiian Island chain. True or False?

False

Iceland is a good example of an island arc, formed from an oceanic-oceanic plate collision. True or False?

False

Igneous rocks are produced largely by the deposition and consolidation of surface materials like sand and mud. True or False?

False

Oceans cover slightly less than half of the Earth's surface. True or False?

False

Positive ions are atoms that have gained electrons during a chemical reaction. True or False?

False

The currently accepted age of Earth is approximately 4.5 million years. True or False?

False

The oldest rocks on the seafloor are much younger than the oldest rocks on the continents. True or False?

False

All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number. True or False?

True

In general, rocks of the continental crust are less dense than rocks of the oceanic crust. True or False?

True

Internally, the Earth consists of spherical shells with different compositions and densities. True or False?

True

Much of our modeling of Earth's interior comes from the study of seismic or earthquake waves. True or False?

True

Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals. True or False?

True

The Himalayan Mountains are the tectonic product of a collision between India and Eurasia that began in Eocene time and still continues. True or False?

True

The micas, biotite and muscovite, both exhibit one direction of cleavage. True or False?

True

The oldest rocks of the oceanic crust are found in deep ocean trenches far away from active, mid-ocean ridges. True or False?

True

The volcanoes of Hawaii are localized above a deep mantle hot spot; they are not part of the East Pacific oceanic ridge. True or False?

True

Wegener's continental drift hypothesis was weakened because a viable mechanism for moving the continents was lacking. True or False?

True

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. a. Hawaii b. island arc c. volcanic arc d. subduction

a. Hawaii

4 spheres of earth + what's their relation?

atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere. They are INTERCONNECTED! These different environments are interconnected

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. a. oceanic ridge b. seafloor spreading c. arc volcanoes d. divergent

c. arc volcanoes

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. 32) a. hypothesis b. theory c. fact d. observation Diff

c. fact

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. a. abyssal plain b. seamount c. oceanic ridge d. continental slope

d. continental slope

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern. a. Curie point b. paleomagnetism c. magnetic poles d. polar wandering

d. polar wandering