Physical Geology Exam 1

The main hazard of an eruption that forms a large caldera is:

A) Burning, building collapse, and suffocation from an eruption column and pyroclastic flows

How fast do plates move relative to one another?

A) Centimeters per year

The vertical igneous feature shown in this photograph is a:

A) Dike

The kind of volcano shown in this photo is a:

A) Scoria cone

Which of the following map or diagram would best show you the shape of the land surface?

A) Shaded-relief map

A vesicular igneous texture indicates that:

A) There was a lot of gas in the magma

Which of the following is the best example of heath transfer by conduction?

A) a pan is placed directly on a burner

In which of the following types of bonding do atoms share one or more electrons?

A) covalent

What type of rock would the materials shown in this photo produce?

A) sedimentary

What strategy was described for inferring the environment in which rock is formed?

B) Comparing the characteristics of the rock to deposits from modern environments

The kind of volcano shown in this photo is a:

B) Shield volcano

The principle of isostasy refers to:

B) the relationship between regional elevations and thickness of crust

What is the interpreted origin for magma that forms flood basalts?

C) A rising mantle plume

What is probably the most important factor in the health of most ecosystems?

C) Availability of clean water

Which potential geologic hazard is NOT represented by a feature on this figure:

C) Contaminated groundwater

The main layers of the Earth in correct order, from the surface moving down, is:

C) Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

What types of rocks would be the most common in a composite volcano?

C) Felsic and intermediate lava flows and tephra

Which of the following Earth layers is the thickest?

C) Mantle

What type of boundary is depicted in this figure?

C) Ocean-continent convergent boundary

Which of the following minerals could be used to make glass windows?

C) Quartz

Which of the following is the Principle of Uniformitarianism?

C) The present is the key to the past

Which of the following is a principle to interpret relative ages?

C) a younger rock can include pieces of an older rock

Hot spots in continental settings typically produce:

C) basaltic lava flows or explosive calderas

What steps are involved in having a hypothesis become an established theory?

C) the hypothesis is consistent with new data and investigations used to test its predictions

Which of the following is most likely associated with a divergent plate boundary?

C)Mid-ocean ridge

The distribution of natural resources is influenced by:

D) All of the above

When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from:

D) All of the above

Which of the following is true about rocks and minerals?

D) All of the above

Which of the following surface environments is the most likely site for deposits in this photograph?

D) Beach

Why does the Tibetan Plateau, shown in this figure, have high elevation?

D) Continental collision

How does the addition of water cause melting?

D) It changes the location of the liquid-solid boundary

Hot spots in oceanic setting typically produce:

D) Lines or clusters of volcanic islands

Which of the following is NOT one of the main families of rocks?

D) Meteorites

On this map of south Atlantic, what is the feature that makes a zigzag pattern on the seafloor?

D) Mid-ocean ridge

Which of the following factors helps magma rise toward Earth's surface?

D) None of the above

What type of basaltic feature is shown in this photo?

D) Pahoehoe lava flow

Which of the following volcanoes is generally the largest?

D) Shield volcano

The most important class of rock-forming minerals on Earth is:

D) Silicates

Which of the following is NOT a main group of chemical elements on the Periodic Table?

D) Sulfides

Coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that:

D) The rock cooled slowly

Which of the following occurs in a lava tube?

D) all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a mineral?

E) All of the above

Which of the following is a common use of a mineral?

E) All of the above

Which of the following is a way geology can help us learn about Earth's past?

E) All of the above

Which of the following activities is NOT used to monitor volcanos?

E) All of the above are used to monitor volcanos

Which mineral property is the least reliable for identifying a mineral?

E) Color

Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because:

E) The lithosphere is thinner and hotter

Which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling?

E) Volcanic glass

Eruptions of scoria cones are commonly associated with:

E) a and b only

When basaltic lave reach the ocean they:

E) a and b only

Important characteristics to observe in rocks include:

E) a, b, and c only

A key step in developing a new explanation is:

E) all of the above

A meter is:

E) none of these

Which of the following is NOT a problem addressed by geologists?

e) all of the above are addressed by geologists