Physical Science Chapter 10

Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are correct? (Select all that apply.) Use the attached table detailing the ions of some common elements in order to answer this question.

AlCl3 Na2S

What is the name of the group of elements in column 1 of the periodic table?

Alkali metals

Which of the following statements correctly describe Dalton's atomic theory? (Select all that apply.)

All matter consists of atoms. Compounds result from the specific combination of a specific ratio of atoms of different elements. Atoms of the same element are identical.

Match each element with the appropriate designation.

Ca --> Metal O --> nonmetal Si --> Semi metal

Which of the following elements is a transition metal?

Cu

The chemical formula for the ionic compound K2S indicates that there is(are) _____ K+ ion(s) for every _____ S2- ion(s).

two; one

Match the rule for naming that would be employed for the appropriate compound.

-ide suffix --> KI -ate suffix --> KMnO4 a prefix --> SO2 and SO3 -ide suffix and Roman numeral --> CuCl2

Which of the following options correctly describe the arrangement of the periodic table? (Select all that apply.)

Elements in the same groups have similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the consequences of a closed shell of electrons?

A closed shell means that an element is not very chemically reactive. A closed shell means that an element's electrons are not easily removed. A closed shell means that an element does not attract other electrons.

Classify the following species as an element or a compound.

Water --> Compound Calcium --> Element

A covalent bond is typically formed between two nonmetals. This bond involves the _____ of one or more electron pairs between the two atoms.

sharing

When the orbitals of outer electrons of two atoms overlap to form a(n) ______ bond, they form two ______ orbitals.

covalent; molecular

In a(n) ____ reaction, a single reactant is broken down into two or more products.

decomposition

The ______ law states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements recur at certain regular intervals when listed in order of increasing atomic ______.

periodic; number

Match each type of orbital with the correct description.

ppσ --> Formed by end-to-end combination of atomic p orbitals ppπ --> Formed by side-to-side combination of atomic p orbitals

A ____ is an insoluble solid that results from a chemical reaction. (Use only one word per blank.)

precipitate

In a(n) ____ ____ reaction, another element replaces one of the original elements in a compound.

single displacement

Which of the following statements correctly describe compounds? (Select all that apply.)

A compound is a pure substance. A compound consists of two or more elements joined together chemically.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the general characteristics of a covalent bond?

A covalent bond involves the attraction between the nucleus of each atom and the electrons of the other. A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms. A covalent bond can be formed through the sharing of more than one electron pair.

Which of the following options correctly describe σ and π molecular orbitals? (Select all that apply.)

Both atomic s and p orbitals can form σ molecular orbitals. A π bonding molecular orbital has a lobe on each side of the bond axis. Atomic p orbitals can combine to form either σ or π molecular orbitals.

Which of the following statements correctly explains why halogen behavior decreases from right to left across a period and down a group in the periodic table?

Effective nuclear charge decreases, making it easier for an atom to give up an electron.

Match the periodic trend by completing each sentence.

Effective nuclear charge increases...across a period Effective nuclear charge decreases...down a group

Match each group of electrons with the correct designation by completing the sentence.

Electrons with the same value of n... are in the same shell Electrons with the same value n and l... are in the same sub shell

Which of the following statements correctly describe electrons within the same shell or subshell? (Select all that apply.)

Electrons within the same subshell have almost the same energy. An electron in a given shell may not be in the same subshell. Electrons in the same shell are on average the same distance from the nucleus.

Which of the following cannot be broken down nor changed into simpler substances by chemical means?

Element

Which of the following nonmetals is the most active?

Fluorine

Order the following elements in terms of increasing activity, starting with the element that is the least active at the top of the list.

Ga, Ca, K

Match each group in the periodic table with the correct name as indicated

Group 1 --> Alkali metals Group 7 --> Halogens Group 8 --> Inert (noble) gases

Which of the following statements correctly describe the physical and chemical characteristics of alkali metals? (Select all that apply.)

The alkali metals have low melting points. The alkali metals are very active. The alkali metals all react with hydroxide to produce compounds with the general formula XOH, where X is an alkali metal.

Which statements correctly describe the relationship between the activity of an element and its resulting compounds? (Select all that apply.)

The more active an element, the more difficult it is to refine. The more active an element, the more stable the resulting compound. The more inactive an element, the easier it is to extract it from its ores.

Correctly complete the following sentences concerning the relative activity of elements and their resulting compounds.

The more active...the more difficult it is to decompose its compounds. The more inactive...the easier it is to refine from its ores.

Dalton's atomic theory stated that matter consists of tiny indivisible particles called ____ , which combine in fixed ratios to form ____ . (Use only one word per blank.)

atoms; compounds

A substance that cannot be broken down nor changed into simpler substances by chemical means is called a(n) ____

element

A compound consists of two or more different ____ that are chemically bonded together. (Use only one word per blank.)

elements

What is the correct name for the ionic compound Li3N?

lithium nitride

Each element in a given compound consists of the same proportion by ____ of the compound. This observation is summarized by the law of definite ____ . (Use only one word per blank.)

mass; proportions

A(n) ____ consists of an independent structure composed of two or more atoms chemically bonded together; examples include oxygen, water, and ammonia.

molecule

The subshells for a given shell (n) can have values of l from 0 to ______.

n-1

The elements are arranged in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic___ . The vertical columns of the table are called ___ or families and the horizontal rows are called ___ .

number; groups; periods

Elements combine to form ionic compounds by gaining or losing ______ electrons. The number of electrons lost must ______ the number of electrons gained in order to form a neutral compound.

outer; equal

A covalent compound in which electrons are distributed unequally, giving one end of the molecule a relatively positive charge and the other a relatively negative charge, is called a(n) ____ covalent compound. (Use only one word per blank.)

polar

The starting material in a chemical reaction (featured on the left-hand side of the formula) is called a _____, whereas a substance formed in a chemical reaction (featured on the right-hand side of the formula) is called a _____.

reactant; product

The end-to-end combination of a pair of atomic p orbitals gives a pair of _____ molecular orbitals, whereas side-to-side combination produces a pair of _____ molecular orbitals.

sigma; pi

Which of the following options is the correct name for Na2CO3?

sodium carbonate

Match each value of n with the possible subshell(s).

1 --> s 2 --> sp 3 --> spd 4 --> spdf

Which of the following ion combinations will result in an ionic compound that has a balanced number of positive and negative charges? (Select all that apply.)

2 Li+ and S2- Ba2+ and 2 Cl- Na+ and Br-

Which of the following statements correctly describes a covalent compound?

A covalent compound contains only covalent bonds.

What is a chemical equation?

A method used to express the results of a chemical change

Which of the following statements correctly defines the term molecule?

A molecule is an independent structure consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

Match the type of element with the appropriate definition.

Active Elements --> Readily combine to form compounds Inactive Elements --> Do not combine to form compounds

What is the term used to describe a chemical equation that contains the same number and type of each atom on each side of the equation?

Balanced

Match each of the following types of element with the correct description.

Metal --> An element that is a good conductor of electricity, has a shiny surface, and can be shaped Nonmetal --> An element that is generally a gas, liquid, or a dull brittle solid at room temperature and is an insulator Metalloid --> An element that has properties between those of metals and nonmetals

______ atoms tend to lose electrons when forming compounds, whereas ______ atoms tend to gain or share electrons when combining chemically with other elements.

Metal; nonmetal

Which of the following statements correctly describe the physical properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids? (Select all that apply.)

Metals can be shaped by bending or hammering. Metals tend to be solid at room temperature.

What type of orbitals are produced in covalent bond formation?

Molecular orbitals

Which of the following elements are classified correctly? (Select all that apply.)

Neon is an inert gas. Francium is an alkali metal.

Match the type of element with the appropriate description of electron loss or gain by completing the sentence.

Nonmetals...tend to gain or share electrons with other atoms when forming compounds. Metals... tend to lose electrons when forming compounds.

What is the term used to describe covalent compounds where the shared electron pairs are closer to one atom than to the other?

Polar

Match the type of matter with the correct properties.

Pure Substance --> A uniform material with definite composition and distinct properties Heterogeneous --> A material with variable composition whose components can be separated by physical means

Which of the following statements correctly describe the rules of naming compounds? (Select all that apply.)

Roman numerals are incorporated into the names of compounds that contain metals that can form different charges. The ending -ide is typically employed for compounds containing two elements.

Match each type of covalent bond with the appropriate description.

Single - Two atoms share one pair of electrons. Double - Two atoms share two pair of electrons. Triple - Two atoms share three pair of electrons.

Match each element with the correct family.

Sodium --> Alkali Metal Bromine --> Halogen Argon --> Inert Gas

How does a heterogeneous substance differ from a pure substance? (Select all that apply.)

The components of a heterogeneous substance can be separated by physical means. The composition of a heterogeneous substance may vary.

Which of the following options correctly describe different types of mixtures? (Select all that apply.)

The composition of a homogeneous mixture is the same throughout. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures may vary in composition. A mixture of substances that are in different phases is heterogeneous.

Which of the following correctly describe the principles that govern the atomic structure of a multielectron atom? (Select all that apply.)

The exclusion principle states that only one electron can exist in each quantum state of an atom. Electrons in atoms occupy quantum states of the lowest energy.

Which of the following are chemical characteristics shared by all halogens? (Select all that apply.)

The halogens exist as F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2 at ordinary temperatures. All halogens combine with hydrogen in the same way, and when the resulting compounds are dissolved in water, they produce an acidic solution.

Which of the following statements about electron transfer in ionic bond formation is true?

The number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained by atoms when an ionic bond is formed.

Which of the following statements correctly describe a chemical reaction? (Select all that apply.)

The physical properties of the substance are changed during a chemical reaction. The molecular composition of the substance is altered during a chemical reaction.

Consider the formula for the ionic compound AlCl3. Which of the following statements correctly interpret this formula? (Select all that apply.)

The positive ion in the compound is Al3+. The compound contains 1 Al3+ ion for every 3 Cl- ions.

Which of the following options correctly describe the symbols used in a balanced chemical equation? (Select all that apply.)

The symbol (l) indicates a liquid. The symbol (g) indicates a substance in the gas phase. The symbol (aq) indicates a substance dissolved in water.

What information is contained in a chemical formula? (Select all that apply.)

Types of elements present in a compound Ratio of elements in a compound

The chemical reactivity of an element is designated as ____ if it readily combines to form compounds. If an element does not tend to react chemically, it is designated as ____ .

active; inactive

The halogens are very ______ elements that all exist as molecules of two atoms at ordinary temperatures. The compounds formed when halogens react with ______ have similar chemical formulas.

active; metals

The alkali metals are ______ elements that tend to react with active ______ to produce stable compounds.

active; nonmetals

A(n) ____ chemical equation is characterized by having the same ____and type of atoms on both sides of the chemical equation.

balanced; number

A covalent compound is a compound that contains only covalent .

bonds

When chlorine (Cl2) gas is mixed with hydrogen (H2) gas in the presence of UV light, hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is produced. This is an example of a ______ reaction where there is ______ in the chemical composition of the substance.

chemical; a change

An atom that has a(n) ______ shell is not very chemically reactive because it ______ have a tendency to gain or accept electrons.

closed; does not

When two or more reactants form a single product, it is called a(n) ____ reaction.

combination

Sugar is an example of a(n) ______, whereas carbon is an example of a(n) ______.

compound; element

The law of definite proportions states that in a given chemical compound, the component ______ are present in ______ proportions by mass.

elements; the same

A chemical____uses symbols to concisely express the results of a chemical change.

equation

The structure of a multielectron atom is governed by both the ______ principle, which states that each electron must have a different set of quantum numbers, and the concept that electrons in an atom occupy a quantum state of ______ energy.

exclusion; lowest

The expression used to convey the composition of a molecule in terms of chemical symbols is called a chemical ____ .

formula

A ______ mixture has the same composition throughout, whereas a ______ mixture does not have a uniform composition.

homogeneous; heterogeneous

Halogen activity ______ from left to right across a period and up a group because of the ______ in atomic size with increasing atomic number.

increases; increase

The periodic law states ______.

the physical and chemical properties of elements appear at regular intervals when listed in order of their atomic numbers

As we move ______ a group or from left to right across a period in the periodic table, nuclear charge tends to ______.

up; increase