Physical Science ES Chapter 19
Part A: There are five atoms in the methane molecule, CH4. One of these five is a carbon atom, which is 1/5×100=20% carbon. What is the percentage carbon in ethane, C2H6?
25%
Part B: There are five atoms in the methane molecule, CH4. One of these five is a carbon atom, which is 1/5×100=20% carbon. What is the percentage carbon in propane, C3H8?
27%
Part C: There are five atoms in the methane molecule, CH4. One of these five is a carbon atom, which is 1/5×100=20% carbon. What is the percentage carbon in butane, C4H10?
29%
Remember that carbon-carbon single bonds can rotate but carbon-carbon double bonds cannot rotate. How many different structures are shown below?
3
What is the percent volume of water in 80-proof vodka?
60%
Part B: Identify the functional group(s) present in each molecule.
Alcohol- CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH Ketone- CH3COCH3 Carboxylic acid- CH3CH2CH2COOH
Identify each property as that of alcohols, ethers, or both.
Alcohols: can hydrogen-bond with each other boiling point much higher than alkanes Ethers: boiling point close to that of alkanes Both: can hydrogen-bond with water contain oxygen have flammable vapors
Part B: Classify the following line-bond formulas as ketones or aldehydes.
Aldehyde- 2 hydrogens with a double bonded oxygen 3 hexagons with an oxygen coming off the top 4 bonds with double bonded oxygen at the top Ketone- hexagon with a double bonded oxygen at top 6 bonds with double bond on second bond double oxygen bond at top
Part C: What is the chemical formulas for the following structure?
C4H10O
Part D: What is the chemical formulas for the following structure?
C4H8O
Part B: What is the chemical formulas for the following structure?
C7H12
Part A: What is the chemical formulas for the following structure?
C7H16
Part A: The molecule below contains both an aldehyde and a ketone functional group. Select only the carbonyl carbon atom of the aldehyde functional group.
Carbon in the middle connected to a doubled bonded oxygen. Just select the C.
Rank the following hydrocarbons in order of increasing number of hydrogen atoms: Rank from least to most. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Cyclo with 2 double bonds Cyclo with 1 double bond Cyclo
Rank the following hydrocarbons in order of increasing number of hydrogen atoms: Rank from least to most. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Cyclobutane and 2-Butene are equal Butane
Rank the following organic molecules in order of increasing solubility in water:
Just regular structure with 4 carbons Structure with 1 OH bond Structure with 2 OH bonds
Part A: A functional group is a specific set of atoms, arranged in a specific structure, that defines a particular class of organic compounds. Classify each molecule according to its functional group.
Ketone- Long Structure with 5 Hydrogens and double bonded oxygen on the 3rd carbon Ester- Long structure with 2 carbons, then an oxygen, the 2 carbons, doubled bonded oxygen on the 2nd carbon Aldehyde- short structure with 2 carbons, double bonded oxygen on 1st carbon
Rank the following molecules in order of the phase they form at room temperature: solid, liquid, gas. Rank from solid to gas. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Only one with a hexagon CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH CH3CH2CH2CH3
Rank the following organic molecules in order of increasing solubility in water:
Pentagon with O attached Pentagon with N and H attached Pentagon with N+, 2 H's, and Cl- attached
Part A: Add groups to complete polyvinyl alcohol, formed by the polymerization of the following monomer. If a carbon atom contains only one hydroxyl group, place it below the carbon backbone, as demonstrated by the hydroxyl group added for you.
Top- all hydrogens Bottom- H,OH,H,OH,H,OH
In water, does the following molecule act as an acid, a base, neither, or both?
a base
The polymer styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), shown here, is used for making tires as well as bubble gum. Is it an addition polymer or a condensation polymer?
an addition polymer
What is one way functional groups are distinguished from one another?
by the heteroatoms they contain
Part B: One of these products is a common food preservative. What is its name?
sodium benzoate
Part A: What products are formed upon the reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide, NaOH?
sodium benzoate,water