Physical Science Lecture Final

A force is a vector quantity because it has both

magnitude and direction.

A kilogram is a measure of an object's

mass.

Which metric prefix means "one-thousandth"?

milli-

A heavy truck and a small truck roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill, the heavy truck will have greater

momentum.

If an object has kinetic energy, then it must also have ____________

momentum.

A good heat conductor is a

poor insulator.

A projectile is launched vertically at 50 m/s. If air resistance is negligible, its speed upon returning to its starting point is

50 m/s

What is your weight in kilograms if you weigh 155 pounds? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs)

70.5kg

A 2-kg mass is held 4 m above the ground. What is the approximate potential energy of the mass with respect to the ground?

80J

On Earth, the weight of 0.995 kg of candy would be approximately

9.95 N.

The planet with the most distinct set of rings is

Saturn

In addition to force, what does work involve?

motion

What is the first step in the scientific process?

observe natural phenomenon.

If you push for an hour against a stationary wall, you do no work

on the wall.

Which has the greater density, a lake full of water or a cup full of lake water?

Both have same density.

Black holes appear black for what basic reason?

Light cannot escape them.

The asteroid belt is between the orbits of

Mars and Jupiter.

Motion MUST involve

a change in position.

A rocky object from outer space that survives a trip through the Earth's atmosphere and strikes the Earth is

a meteorite.

The Milky Way is

a spiral galaxy.

Disregarding air resistance, objects fall at constant

acceleration.

A feather and a coin dropped in a vacuum fall with equal

accelerations.

To what does the law of reflection apply?

all of these

A mass is accelerated when _______________ acts upon the mass.

an unbalanced force

A bullet fired from a rifle begins to fall

as soon as it leaves the barrel.

A heavy object and a light object are dropped at the same time from rest in a vacuum. The heavier object reaches the ground

at the same time as the lighter object.

The tail of a comet is longest when the comet is

closest to the Sun.

Energy cannot be

created.

As a piece of metal with a hole in it cools, the diameter of the hole

decreases

Pressure is defined as

force divided by area

A player hits a ball with a bat. The action force is the impact of the bat against the ball. The reaction to this force is the

force of the ball against the bat.

The pitch of a musical sound depends on the sound wave's

frequency

Ice has a lower density than water because ice

is made of open-structured, hexagonal crystals.

A car traveling at 100 km/h strikes an unfortunate bug and splatters it. The force of impact is greater on the

is the same for both.

A Mack truck and a Volkswagen traveling at the same speed collide head-on. The impact force is greatest on the

is the same on both.

Whenever the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration

is zero

What is the SI unit of energy?

joule

Which metric prefix means "thousand"?

kilo-

Which is the standard unit of mass in the metric system?

kilogram

The term sublimation refers to which of the following phase changes?

solid to a gas

A sheet of paper can be withdrawn from under a container of milk without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly. This best demonstrates that

the milk carton has inertia.

A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. Neglecting air resistance, the speed with which it is caught is

the same as the speed it had when thrown upwards.

Compared with the mass of a certain object on Earth, the mass of the same object on the Moon is

the same.

"For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" is a statement of Newton's

third law

An object is raised above the ground gaining a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is raised twice as high, it gains

twice as much potential energy.

If you do work on an object in half the time, your power output is

twice as much the usual output

A 1000-kg car and a 2000-kg car are hoisted the same distance in a gas station. Raising the more massive car requires

twice as much work.

If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do

twice as much work.

Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same

weight. volume. mass. all of these *none of these

Power is

work divided by time.

Which of these electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength?

xrays

When a rock thrown straight upwards gets to the exact top of its path, its velocity is

zero and its acceleration is about 10 m/s/s.

An object travels 8 m in the first second of travel, 8 m again during the second second of travel, and 8 m again during the third second. Its acceleration in meters per second per second is

0

What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/h for 10 s?

0 m/s2

Which one of the following describes an object in motion?

It is continuously changing position.

The planet with the largest diameter is

Jupiter

The planet whose orbit lies nearest to the Sun is

Mercury.

In which case would you have the largest mass of gold? If your chunk of gold weighed 1 N on the

Moon?

The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are

distance and time

An object at rest may have

energy.

The force that accelerates a rocket in outer space is exerted on the rocket by the

exhaust gases

When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows

from your finger to the ice

The scientific method is most effective in

gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.

An object in free fall

has a velocity that changes 9.8 m/s each second.

Which human sense is second in supplying the most information about the external world?

hearing

Food in a pressure cooker is cooked faster because of the

higher temperature.

In science, an educated guess is a

hypothesis

If you run a refrigerator in a closed room with the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will

increase

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes

larger

Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats. Its density is

less than the density of the water.

Which of the following has a definite volume but no definite shape?

liquid

An object that has potential energy may have this energy because of its

location

After a rock that is thrown straight up reaches the top of its path and is starting to fall back down, its acceleration is (neglect air resistance)

the same time as it was at the top of its path.

When a chocolate bar is cut in half, its density is

unchanged.

Acceleration is the time rate of change of what?

velocity

Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much

volume. mass. inertia. *all of these

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is

water expands when freezing.

The diameter of a lead pipe was measured to be 2.40 centimeters. Its diameter in units of meters is

0.0240 meters

A rock is thrown vertically into the air. At the top of its path, its acceleration in meters per second per second is about

10

If you drop an object, it will accelerate downward at a rate of about 10 m/s/s. If you instead throw it downwards, its acceleration (in the absence of air resistance) will be

10 m/s/s

What is the buoyant force acting on a 10-ton ship floating in the ocean?

10 tons

A 1-kg mass at the Earth's surface weighs about

10N

A student measures the length and width of a rectangle to be 49.4 cm and 59 cm, respectively. Wanting to find the area (in cm2) of this rectangle, the student multiplies on a calculator and obtains a result of "2914.6". The area should be reported as ____.

2915 cm2

Exert 100 J in 50 s and your power output is

2W

The equation F = ma is a statement of Newton's

2nd Law.

Which requires more work: lifting a 50-kg sack vertically 2 m or lifting a 25-kg sack vertically 4 m?

Both require the same amount of work.

Which temperature scale labels the freezing point of water at 0 degrees?

Celsius

When the alignment of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth produce a lunar eclipse, the body that is in between the other two is the

Earth

If an object falls with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object must

continually change by the same amount each second.

Which of the following methods of heat transfer generally involves mass movement?

convection

The heat we get from the Sun is transferred through space by which process?

radiation

When liquids change to a solid phase, they

release energy.

When a gas is changed to a liquid phase, the gas

releases energy

When an ice cube in a glass of water melts, the water level

remains the same.

A rock is thrown upward at 50° with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, its horizontal component of velocity

remains unchanged.

A scientific hypothesis is a(n)

testable assumption used to explain an observation

A 4-kg ball has a momentum of 12 kg∙m/s. What is the ball's speed?

3 m/s

A karate chop delivers a blow of 3000 N to a board that breaks. The force that acts on the hand during this event is actually

3000N

Arnold Strongman and Suzie Small have a tug-of-war on a polished floor. Arnold wears socks and Suzie wears gym shoes. The likely winner is

Suzie

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a

low specific heat capacity