Physical Science Lecture Final
A force is a vector quantity because it has both
magnitude and direction.
A kilogram is a measure of an object's
mass.
Which metric prefix means "one-thousandth"?
milli-
A heavy truck and a small truck roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill, the heavy truck will have greater
momentum.
If an object has kinetic energy, then it must also have ____________
momentum.
A good heat conductor is a
poor insulator.
A projectile is launched vertically at 50 m/s. If air resistance is negligible, its speed upon returning to its starting point is
50 m/s
What is your weight in kilograms if you weigh 155 pounds? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs)
70.5kg
A 2-kg mass is held 4 m above the ground. What is the approximate potential energy of the mass with respect to the ground?
80J
On Earth, the weight of 0.995 kg of candy would be approximately
9.95 N.
The planet with the most distinct set of rings is
Saturn
In addition to force, what does work involve?
motion
What is the first step in the scientific process?
observe natural phenomenon.
If you push for an hour against a stationary wall, you do no work
on the wall.
Which has the greater density, a lake full of water or a cup full of lake water?
Both have same density.
Black holes appear black for what basic reason?
Light cannot escape them.
The asteroid belt is between the orbits of
Mars and Jupiter.
Motion MUST involve
a change in position.
A rocky object from outer space that survives a trip through the Earth's atmosphere and strikes the Earth is
a meteorite.
The Milky Way is
a spiral galaxy.
Disregarding air resistance, objects fall at constant
acceleration.
A feather and a coin dropped in a vacuum fall with equal
accelerations.
To what does the law of reflection apply?
all of these
A mass is accelerated when _______________ acts upon the mass.
an unbalanced force
A bullet fired from a rifle begins to fall
as soon as it leaves the barrel.
A heavy object and a light object are dropped at the same time from rest in a vacuum. The heavier object reaches the ground
at the same time as the lighter object.
The tail of a comet is longest when the comet is
closest to the Sun.
Energy cannot be
created.
As a piece of metal with a hole in it cools, the diameter of the hole
decreases
Pressure is defined as
force divided by area
A player hits a ball with a bat. The action force is the impact of the bat against the ball. The reaction to this force is the
force of the ball against the bat.
The pitch of a musical sound depends on the sound wave's
frequency
Ice has a lower density than water because ice
is made of open-structured, hexagonal crystals.
A car traveling at 100 km/h strikes an unfortunate bug and splatters it. The force of impact is greater on the
is the same for both.
A Mack truck and a Volkswagen traveling at the same speed collide head-on. The impact force is greatest on the
is the same on both.
Whenever the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration
is zero
What is the SI unit of energy?
joule
Which metric prefix means "thousand"?
kilo-
Which is the standard unit of mass in the metric system?
kilogram
The term sublimation refers to which of the following phase changes?
solid to a gas
A sheet of paper can be withdrawn from under a container of milk without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly. This best demonstrates that
the milk carton has inertia.
A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. Neglecting air resistance, the speed with which it is caught is
the same as the speed it had when thrown upwards.
Compared with the mass of a certain object on Earth, the mass of the same object on the Moon is
the same.
"For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" is a statement of Newton's
third law
An object is raised above the ground gaining a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is raised twice as high, it gains
twice as much potential energy.
If you do work on an object in half the time, your power output is
twice as much the usual output
A 1000-kg car and a 2000-kg car are hoisted the same distance in a gas station. Raising the more massive car requires
twice as much work.
If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do
twice as much work.
Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same
weight. volume. mass. all of these *none of these
Power is
work divided by time.
Which of these electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength?
xrays
When a rock thrown straight upwards gets to the exact top of its path, its velocity is
zero and its acceleration is about 10 m/s/s.
An object travels 8 m in the first second of travel, 8 m again during the second second of travel, and 8 m again during the third second. Its acceleration in meters per second per second is
0
What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/h for 10 s?
0 m/s2
Which one of the following describes an object in motion?
It is continuously changing position.
The planet with the largest diameter is
Jupiter
The planet whose orbit lies nearest to the Sun is
Mercury.
In which case would you have the largest mass of gold? If your chunk of gold weighed 1 N on the
Moon?
The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are
distance and time
An object at rest may have
energy.
The force that accelerates a rocket in outer space is exerted on the rocket by the
exhaust gases
When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows
from your finger to the ice
The scientific method is most effective in
gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.
An object in free fall
has a velocity that changes 9.8 m/s each second.
Which human sense is second in supplying the most information about the external world?
hearing
Food in a pressure cooker is cooked faster because of the
higher temperature.
In science, an educated guess is a
hypothesis
If you run a refrigerator in a closed room with the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will
increase
When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes
larger
Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats. Its density is
less than the density of the water.
Which of the following has a definite volume but no definite shape?
liquid
An object that has potential energy may have this energy because of its
location
After a rock that is thrown straight up reaches the top of its path and is starting to fall back down, its acceleration is (neglect air resistance)
the same time as it was at the top of its path.
When a chocolate bar is cut in half, its density is
unchanged.
Acceleration is the time rate of change of what?
velocity
Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much
volume. mass. inertia. *all of these
During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is
water expands when freezing.
The diameter of a lead pipe was measured to be 2.40 centimeters. Its diameter in units of meters is
0.0240 meters
A rock is thrown vertically into the air. At the top of its path, its acceleration in meters per second per second is about
10
If you drop an object, it will accelerate downward at a rate of about 10 m/s/s. If you instead throw it downwards, its acceleration (in the absence of air resistance) will be
10 m/s/s
What is the buoyant force acting on a 10-ton ship floating in the ocean?
10 tons
A 1-kg mass at the Earth's surface weighs about
10N
A student measures the length and width of a rectangle to be 49.4 cm and 59 cm, respectively. Wanting to find the area (in cm2) of this rectangle, the student multiplies on a calculator and obtains a result of "2914.6". The area should be reported as ____.
2915 cm2
Exert 100 J in 50 s and your power output is
2W
The equation F = ma is a statement of Newton's
2nd Law.
Which requires more work: lifting a 50-kg sack vertically 2 m or lifting a 25-kg sack vertically 4 m?
Both require the same amount of work.
Which temperature scale labels the freezing point of water at 0 degrees?
Celsius
When the alignment of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth produce a lunar eclipse, the body that is in between the other two is the
Earth
If an object falls with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object must
continually change by the same amount each second.
Which of the following methods of heat transfer generally involves mass movement?
convection
The heat we get from the Sun is transferred through space by which process?
radiation
When liquids change to a solid phase, they
release energy.
When a gas is changed to a liquid phase, the gas
releases energy
When an ice cube in a glass of water melts, the water level
remains the same.
A rock is thrown upward at 50° with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, its horizontal component of velocity
remains unchanged.
A scientific hypothesis is a(n)
testable assumption used to explain an observation
A 4-kg ball has a momentum of 12 kg∙m/s. What is the ball's speed?
3 m/s
A karate chop delivers a blow of 3000 N to a board that breaks. The force that acts on the hand during this event is actually
3000N
Arnold Strongman and Suzie Small have a tug-of-war on a polished floor. Arnold wears socks and Suzie wears gym shoes. The likely winner is
Suzie
The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a
low specific heat capacity
