Physical Science Midterm

List the Metric Prefixes in order, include their numerical values and abbreviations.

Giga (G) - Billion, Mega (M) - Million, Kilo (k) - Thousand, Hecto (h) - Hundred, Deka (da) - Ten, Deci (d) - One Tenth, Centi (c) - One Hundreth, Milli (m) - One Thousandth, Micro (μ) - One Millionth, Nano (n) - One Billionth

Weight is the _____________________ of an object by a celestial body, and this attraction is different for different celestial bodies.

Gravitational attraction

What do social sciences deal with?

Human Society and individual relationships

What can measure densities or liquids?

Hydrometer

What is the modernized version of the metric system called.

International System of Units (SI from the French Systeme International d'Unites)

What happens when the combination of units becomes complicated?

It is often given a name of its own

What is the formula for density?

P =m/v P = Density M = Mass V = Volume

What is the most fundamental of the divisions of physical science and why?

Physics because each of the other disciplines applies the principles and concepts of matter and energy to its own particular focus.

Physical science is classified into what five divisions?

Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, geology.

Cubic centimeters can be expressed as..

cc

What is the acronym for the British system of units?

fps, Foot, Pound, Second

What is a Newton?

kg*m/s^2

What are the two common ways to express the unit measurements of density?

kg/m^3, g/cm^3

The metric system is also known as the _____________ system. What does it stand for?

mks, Meter, Kilogram, Second

1 mile = how many kilometers

1.61 kilometers

The gravitational attraction of the moon is ___________ of the gravitation attraction of the earth.

1/6

US currency is a base __________ system.

10

One liter has the volume of...

1000cm^3

1mL = how many cm^3

1cm^3

1 lb = how many kg

2.2kg

1 in = how many cm?

2.54 cm

What is a standard unit?

A fixed and reproducible value for the purpose of taking accurate measurements.

Who traditionally established a standard unit?

A government or international body

What is a system of units?

A group of standard units and their combinations

What is a hand?

A measurement used for measuring the height of horses.

What are significant figures?

A method of expressing measured numbers properly.

What is a hydrometer?

A weighted glass bulb that floats in the liquid. The higher the bulb floats the greater the density of the liquid.

What do significant figures involve?

Accuracy of measurement and mathematical operations.

What must be present for something to be an equation?

An expression must have the same magnitudes and units or dimensions on both sides.

What is the definition of science?

An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe and the processes by which that knowledge is acquired and tested.

Scientists have yet to agree on a _______________________, such as the speed of light for the meter, on which to base the kilogram.

Appropriate fundamental constant

The standard of gram is based on an _________ rather than on a __________________.

Artifact, Natural Phenomena

Why are length, mass, and time fundamental?

Because they are the most basic quantities or properties we can imagine.

Natural sciences can be narrowed into what two categories?

Biological sciences (life sciences) and Physical sciences

What is the cgs system?

Centimeter, gram, and second

What does the metric system make simpler?

Converting from one unit to another.

What are conversion factors used for?

Converting units within one system or converting from one system to another.

The metric system uses a _____________ while the British system uses a ____________.

Decimal (base-10) system, Duodecimal (base-12) system.

What do units enable us to do?

Describe things in a concrete way, that is, numerically.

What are some terms often used when referring to time?

Duration, period, or interval.

What does a base-10 system allow?

Easy expression and conversion to larger and smaller units.

Science is concerned with the description and understanding of our ________________________.

Environment

What is the one direction of time?

Forward

Time is sometimes considered the _______________ dimension.

Fourth

Many objects and phenomena can be described in terms of the ____________________________ of length, mass, and time.

Fundamental physical quantities

Mass and weight are related, but mass is the _____________________________.

Fundamental quantity

Weight is not a...

Fundamental quantity.

What is the measurement of a meter?

One meter is the distance light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

What do we use derived units for?

To describe physical quantities using the three basic units.

Why was the SI established?

To make comprehension and the exchange of ideas among the people of different nations as simple as possible.

What does metron mean?

To measure

Define Liter.

Unit of fluid volume or capacity

To describe nature, we make measurements in terms of the magnitudes of _____________.

Units

What does a liter measure?

Volume

How do we measure fundamental quantities?

We compare them with a reference, or standard, that is taken to be a standard unit.

The quantity of matter in the British system is expressed in terms of __________ on the surface of the Earth and in units of _____________.

Weight, pounds.

When is density constant?

When mass is distributed evenly through the object.

1L = how many quarts

1.06

What is the density of water?

1.0g/cm^3

1cm^3 equals how many mLs?

1 mL

1000kg = how many metric tons

1 tonne

What do we use to measure location or size of an object we use the fundamental quality of ______________.

Length

What are the fundamental physical quantities?

Length, mass, and time

What are the three dimensions of space?

Length, width, and height. (Each are actually length.)

_________, not weight, is the fundamental quality.

Mass

The more ____________ an object the more mass it contains.

Massive

What is the first step in understanding our environment?

Measure and describe the physical world

___________________ is crucial to understanding our physical environment.

Measurement

To describe nature, we make ____________________.

Measurements

What are the seven base units of the SI? What are their acronyms? What do they measure?

Meter (m) - length, Kilogram (kg) - mass, Second (s) - time, Ampere (A) - measures flow of electric charge, Kelvin (K) - measures temperature, Mole (mol) - Measures the amount of a substance, Candela (cd) - to measure luminous intensity

What is the Greek word for meter?

Metron

What are derived units?

Multiples or combinations of units

Natural science investigate the __________________________.

Natural universe

A liter is a ___________________ metric unit.

Nonstandard

What is the Latin word that science comes from?

Scientia

What is the standard unit of time?

Second

What are the two types of sciences?

Social and Natural

Time and ____________ seem to be linked.

Space

Metric prefixes are used to express multiples of...

Ten

What are the two major system of units in use today?

The Metric System, and The British System

It was once thought that all things could be measured with exact certainty, but as smaller and smaller objects were measured, it became evident that...

The act of measuring distorted the measurement.

Define mass.

The amount of matter a substance contains.

What does meteorology study?

The atmosphere from the surface of the Earth to where it ends in space.

What is physics concerned with?

The basic principles and concepts of matter and energy.

What does density describe?

The compactness of matter or mass per unit volume of a substance.

What does density describe?

The compactness of matter or mass.

What does chemistry deal with?

The composition, structure, and reactions of matter.

Define time.

The continuous, forward flow of events.

Define Length

The measurement of space in any direction.

What does geology study?

The science of the planet Earth and its composition, structure, processes, and history.

Define slug

The standard British unit of mass.

Define Kilogram.

The standard metric unit of mass

What is a foot?

The standard unit of length in the British system.

Define meter

The standard unit of length in the metric system.

What are biological sciences concerned with?

The study of living matter

Define mechanics

The study of motion and force.

What do physical sciences involve?

The study of non-living matter

What does astronomy study?

The universe which is the totality off all matter, energy, space, and time.

If something exists in space, it must also exist in ______________.

Time

The mind has no innate awareness of _______________, only an awareness of events taking place in time.

Time