Physics 1143 Test

J.J. Thompson

studied the properties of cathode rays

What does Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity conclude?

that energy and mass are interchangeable. Energy and mass are merely different aspects of the same physical phenomenon.

Give the 3 postulates of the Bohr model of the atom.

1. Electrons move in circular or elliptical orbits around the nucleus. 2. Each electron has its on fixed energy level called an orbital. 3. Energy is transferred when an electron jumps from one orbital to another.

How many joules of energy are contained in 2 kg of matter? (use the mass energy equation)

Refer to V(61) in Pace for solution

The critical mass for a radioactive element is 5 kg, and in a fission reaction .10% of the mass is transformed into energy. According to the mass energy equation, how much energy is created by an explosion of a mass two times the critical mass of the element?

Refer to V(62) in Pace for solution

A 250 kg mass is accelerated to 99% of the speed light. What is its relativistic mass?

Refer to V(63) in Pace for solution

A device that detects radioactive emissions in supersaturated moist air is a ______.

Wilson cloud chamber

A spectrum containing the entire rage of visible light is called ______.

a continuous spectrum

A high energy electromagnetic wave emitted from the nucleus of an atom is ______.

a gamma ray

A device used to analyze the composition of a heated substance is _____.

a spectroscope

The best color of light for photoelectric purposes is _____.

bright violet

A device that detects radioactive emissions in a superheated liquid is a _______.

bubble chamber

Wilhelm Roentgen

discovered x-rays

A continuous ______ reaction requires a critical mass.

fission

A nuclear reaction in which a heavier nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei and releases large amounts of energy is ______.

fission

A nuclear reaction in which two lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus with the simultaneous release of huge amounts of energy is _______

fusion

Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass are _______.

isotopes

Enrico Fermi

produced the first controlled fission reaction

A discrete bundle of energy is a _____.

quantum

A discussion of classical physics would not include a section on ______.

quantum theory

the emission of particles or rays from the nucleus of an atom that results in a more stable nucleus is _______.

radioactive decay

Arthur Compton

showed that cosmic rays are charged particles

A device that detects radiation by the ionization of a gas is a ______.

Geiger counter

Henri Becquerel

discovered natural radioactivity in uranium

Max Planck

developed the quantum theory of matter and energy

Ernest Rutherford

discovered alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

A series of dark lines superimposed on the background of a continuous spectrum is called an ______ spectrum

absorption

A high speed helium nucleus emitted by radioactive decay from the nucleus of an atom is called an ______

alpha particle

A spectrum that has a characteristic series of bright lines is ______.

an emission spectrum

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is its ________

atomic mass

A 5 kg mass is accelerated to a velocity of one half the speed of light. What is its relativistic mass?

Refer to V(63) in Pace for solution

A highly penetrating electromagnetic wave released when a high speed electron strikes a metal target is ______.

an x-ray

The total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is its ________

atomic number

A high speed electron emitted by radioactive decay from the nucleus of an atom is called a ______.

beta particle

A high voltage discharge tube in which a stream of electrons is emitted from the negative electrode, is a _______

cathode ray tube

High speed electrons emitted from a negative electrode are called ______.

cathode rays

High speed charged particles, mostly protons, entering Earth's atmosphere are ______.

cosmic rays

The area of physics that takes the quantum theory into account is ______.

modern physics

An instrument that separates isotopes is called a ______.

mass spectroscope