Physics 1320

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highest energy to lowest energy

3rd excited state -> 2nd excited state -> 1st excited state -> ground state

How can you predict the number of silver atoms there are in the second before the time equal to 0 seconds on the graph?

Find the proportion of atoms that remains after 1 second. Then increase the number of original atoms by the same proportion.

Which of these is electromagnetic radiation?

gamma radiation

With respect to particles and waves, Bohr's principle of complementarity _______.

supports different ways of interpreting them

A beam of electrons has

wave and particle properties

The half-life on an isotope is one day. At the end of three days, how much of the isotope remains?

1/8

The half-life of carbon 14 is 5730 years. If a 1-gram sample of old carbon is 1/8 as radioactive as 1-gram of a current sample, then the age of the old sample is about

17200 years

When a nucleus decays by emitting an alpha particle, its atomic number decreases by ______.

2

largest to smallest distances

3rd excited state -> 2nd excited state -> 1st excited state -> ground state

A hypothetical atom has four distinct energy states. Assuming all transitions are possible, how many spectral lines can this atom produce?

6

When radium (A = 88) emits an alpha particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number

86

The energy released by nuclear fission is in accord with the celebrated equation _______.

E = mc 2

The ratio of the energy of a photon to its frequency is

Planck's constant.

Increase the frequency to its maximum value. How does the current change if you increase the intensity of the light?

The current increases continuously

With the intensity at about half of maximum, how does the current change when you increase the frequency of the light?

The current remains zero until a certain frequency, at which it increases abruptly and remains constant thereafter.

Does the de Broglie wavelength of a proton become longer or shorter as its velocity increases?

The de Broglie wavelength of a proton becomes shorter.

How does the minimum frequency of light needed to produce the current change if we increase the intensity of light?

The minimum frequency needed to produce a current does not change if you increase the intensity.

Which of these typically undergoes a chain reaction?

U-235

The discovery of radioactivity closely followed the discovery of _______.

X-rays

If a beam of red light and a beam of blue light have exactly the same energy, which beam contains the greater number of photons?

a beam of red light

Which laser beam carries more energy per photon - a red beam or a green beam?

a green beam

Which has more energy - a photon of visible light or a photon of ultraviolet light?

a photon of ultraviolet light

In the equation E = hf, the h is _______.

a proportionality constant

Bohr's correspondence principle states that if a new theory is valid, it must _______.

account for the verified results of older theories

According to quantum physics, measuring the velocity of a tiny particle with an electromagnet

affects the velocity of the particle.

An element that undergoes radioactive decay becomes _______.

an entirely different element

An atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is

an ion

When emitted, a photon behaves as a particle, and when traveling it behaves _______.

as a wave

Most alpha particles fired at a gold foil pass through undeflected because the

atoms of gold, like any others, are mostly empty space

If an alpha particle and a beta particle have the same energy, which particle will penetrate farther into an object?

beta particle

Which color light is the result of a greater energy transition, red or blue?

blue

Which of the following isotopes is radioactive?

carbon-14

When a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number

changes, but its mass number remains constant.

Which of these ejects the greatest amount of dangerous radiation into the atmosphere?

coal-fired power plants

We now consider the Bohr model of the atom to be

defective and oversimplified, but still useful

When a nucleus decays as the result of the emission of an electron, the atomic mass _______.

does not change

When the frequency of a photon is doubled, the energy it carries _______.

doubles

What kind of force pushes particles in the atomic nucleus apart?

electric force

The great discovery of J.J. Thompson was the _______.

electron

The sources of X-rays and gamma rays, respectively, are

electron clouds and the atomic nucleus.

The spectra of atoms reveal their _______.

electron structure and atomic identity

The number of _______ identifies whether an atom carries a charge as an ion or is neutral.

electrons

What exactly is ejected in the photoelectric effect?

electrons

Some alpha particles fired through a gold foil bounce backward by

electrostatic repulsion when close to gold nuclei.

When a gamma ray is emitted by a nucleus, the nucleus then has less

energy

Two photons have the same wavelength. They also have the same

energy frequency

Which type of radiation - alpha, beta, or gamma - predominates within an enclosed elevator descending into a uranium mine?

gamma

Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it?

gamma rays

X-rays are most similar to which of the following - alpha, beta, or gamma rays?

gamma rays

X-rays are similar to

gamma rays

According to quantum physics, measuring the temperature of lava from a distant volcano by photographing its color with a telescopic camera

has no effect on the temperature of the lava

X-rays may be regarded as

high frequency radio waves

Photons making an image formed with feeble light arrive _______.

independently

According to Schrodinger, an electron can exist momentarily _______.

inside the atomic nucleus

Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its

instability

Light behaves primarily as a particle when it

interacts with matter

Bohr stated that electrons in an atom can undergo _______.

interference

The more information one has about the energy of an electron, the less certain one is about

its position the time it has that energy

All the uranium in today's deposits in the future will become _______.

lead

The fate of the world's uranium supply is to eventually become

lead

According to the uncertainty principle, the more we know about a particle's momentum, the less we know about its

location

An excited hydrogen atom is capable of emitting radiation of

many more than 3 frequencies.

When an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less

mass and charge

In the photoelectric effect, the greater the frequency of the illuminating light, the greater the

maximum velocity of ejected electrons.

The Bohr model of the atom is akin to a

miniature solar system.

The wavelength of a matter wave is inversely proportional to its _______.

momentum

Different isotopes of an element contain a different number of ______.

neutrons

Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of

neutrons

There is a greater proportion of carbon 14 in

new bones

Carbon-14 in the atmosphere is transformed from _______.

nitrogen

When thorium (A = 90) emits a beta particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number

none of these

When a nucleus emits a gamma ray, it _______.

none of these statements are correct

Which of these makes up the least radiation in the everyday environment?

nuclear power plants

The atomic mass number of an element is the same as the number of its

nucleons

If a certain isotope has a radioactive half-life of 10 years, how much of the isotope will remain at the end of 20 years?

one quarter

The strong force is one of the four fundamental forces in nature, and exists _______.

only between particles in the nucleus

Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contain

organic material

Does the photoelectric effect depend on the wave nature or the particle nature of light?

particle nature

The photoelectric effect best demonstrates the

particle nature of light.

A lump of energy associated with light is called a

photon. quantum

The entity that is simultaneously uncertain in Heisenberg's uncertainty principle for momentum is _______.

position

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its

protons

The number of ______ identifies the type of element

protons

Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to

push it apart

A central feature of Bohr's model of the atom is _______.

quantum jumps of energy

According to Niels Bohr, an electron in an excited state could give off

several photons in a series of transitions to the ground state.

Compared to the wavelengths of visible light, the wavelengths of matter waves are relatively

small

When a beta particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has slightly

smaller mass and significantly greater charge.

A quantum of light is a _______.

smallest lump of light

The great discovery of Rutherford was _______.

the atomic nucleus

An electron and a baseball move at the same speed. Which has the longer wavelength?

the electron

When a clean surface of potassium metal is exposed to blue light, electrons are emitted. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, which of the following will also increase?

the number of electrons ejected per second

Orbital electrons do not spiral into the nucleus because of

the wave nature of the electron.

Light behaves primarily as a wave when it

travels from one place to another

It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle.

true

The uncertainty principle applies not only to momentum and position, but also to energy and time. This statement is

true

The mass of an atomic nucleon is nearly

two thousand times the mass of an electron.

The photoelectric effect is best stimulated by _______.

ultraviolet light

In the equation E = hf, the f stands for

wave frequency as defined for sound, radio, and light waves

When Rutherford had a stream of alpha particles hit a gold foil, most of the particles

went almost straight through


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