Physics Practice Questions- Chapter 11: Atomic Nature of Matter

two

1) How many different elements are in a water molecule? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) none

protons

29) The weight of matter comes mostly from its A) protons. B) electrons. C) neutrons

a quark

15) The smallest particle of those listed below is A) a molecule. B) an atom. C) a proton. D) a neutron. E) a quark.

short-lived

24) In our part of the universe, antimatter is A) non-existent. B) plentiful. C) short-lived. D) long-lived.

2

42) How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when there is an electric current through it? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) But protons will have to be subtracted, not added.

uranium

43) Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus? A) helium B) carbon C) iron D) gold E) uranium

uranium

44) Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? A) helium B) carbon C) iron D) gold E) uranium

a carbon atom

5) An atomic mass unit (amu) is 1/12 the mass of A) an electron. B) a proton. C) a hydrogen atom. D) a carbon atom. E) a uranium atom.

the number of protons

10) What makes an element distinct? A) the number of protons B) the number of neutrons C) the number of electrons D) the total mass of all the particles E) none of these

random motions of atoms and molecules

11) Brownian motion has to do with the A) size of atoms. B) atomic vibrations. C) first direct measurement of atomic motion. D) random motions of atoms and molecules. E) rhythmic movements of atoms in a liquid.

air

12) Which of the following is not a compound? A) air B) ammonia C) water D) salt E) All are compounds.

None. All of the above choices are mixtures.

13) Which of the following is not a mixture? A) granite B) cake C) air D) beach sand E) None. All of the above choices are mixtures.

all of these

16) A molecule has A) mass. B) structure. C) energy. D) all of these E) none of these

999 grams

35) If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is A) 1 gram. B) 999 grams. C) 1 kilogram. D) 1.1 kilogram.

18 amu

36) What is the molecular mass of a water molecule? A) 10 amu B) 12 amu C) 15 amu D) 18 amu E) None of these. It depends on the temperature.

carbon

37) If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is A) nitrogen. B) carbon. C) helium. D) neon. E) positively charged oxygen.

None of the above is true

38) To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be A) removed from the mercury nucleus. B) added to the mercury nucleus. C) removed from the gold nucleus D) added to the gold nucleus. E) None of the above is true.

fluorine

39) If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the result is A) heavy oxygen. B) fluorine. C) neon. D) sodium. E) nitrogen.

orbital electrons

14) In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of A) neutrons. B) quarks. C) orbital electrons. D) all of these E) none of these

of electrical forces

17) Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is because A) atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. B) of nuclear forces. C) of gravitational forces. D) of electrical forces. E) none of these

electrical force

18) A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is a(n) A) friction force. B) nuclear force. C) gravitational force. D) electrical force. E) none of these

lead

19) Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) gold. B) mercury. C) lead. D) silver.

neutron

2) Which of the following are electrically neutral? A) proton B) neutron C) electron D) ion E) none of these

all of these

20) The air in this room has A) mass. B) weight. C) energy. D) all of these E) none of these

the same

21) Compared to the energy it takes to separate oxygen and hydrogen from water, the amount of energy given off when they recombine is A) slightly more. B) slightly less. C) much more. D) much less. E) the same.

still not be able to see or photograph an atom

6) If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would A) be able to see individual atoms. B) be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them. C) still not be able to see or photograph an atom.

uranium

7) Which of these atoms has the most mass? A) hydrogen B) iron C) lead D) uranium E) All have the same mass.

Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance

8) Which of these statements is true? A) A molecule is the smallest particle that exists. B) Chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules. C) Molecules form atoms that in turn determine chemical properties of a substance. D) Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance. E) None of these statements is true.

There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances

9) Which of the following statements is true? A) An atom is the smallest particle known to exist. B) There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances. C) There are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances. D) A large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope. E) None of these statements are true.

given off by the reaction

22) When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is A) taken in by the reaction. B) given off by the reaction. C) not involved.

the astronaut and an equal amount of the planet would both annihilate

23) If an astronaut landed on a planet made of antimatter, there would be an explosion and A) the planet would annihilate. B) an amount of planet matter equal to that of the astronaut would annihilate. C) the astronaut would annihilate. D) the astronaut and an equal amount of the planet would both annihilate.

single breath

25) Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, then we probably breathe one of those atoms with each A) single breath. B) day. C) month. D) ten years. E) It depends - some people still breathe a few of Caesar's atoms every day, while others wouldn't breathe one for an entire year.

ancient stars

26) Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in A) the mother's womb. B) the food the mother eats before giving birth. C) ancient stars. D) the Earth. E) none of these

the same age

27) Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are A) newer. B) actually older. C) the same age.

mostly empty space themselves

28) The reason a granite block is mostly empty space is that the atoms in the granite are A) in perpetual motion. B) mostly empty space themselves. C) held together by electrical forces. D) not as close together as they could be. E) invisible.

the whole world

3) There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of A) a large auditorium. B) a large city. C) the United States. D) the whole world. E) none of these

electrons

30) The volume of matter comes mostly from its A) protons. B) electrons. C) neutrons

electrons

31) The chemical properties of matter come mostly from its A) protons. B) electrons. C) neutrons.

16 times as great

32) Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is A) 8 times as great. B) 12 times as great. C) 16 times as great. D) appreciably more than 16 times as great.

both the same

33) In a closed bottle are a certain number of hydrogen molecules. In an identical closed bottle at the same temperature and internal pressure are a certain number of nitrogen molecules. The bottle with the greater number of molecules is the one containing A) hydrogen. B) nitrogen. C) both the same

anti-hydrogen

34) A positron orbiting an antiproton would make up an atom of A) positronium. B) unobtainium. C) anti-helium. D) anti-hydrogen. E) none of these

thermonuclear fusion

4) Atoms heavier than helium were made by A) photosynthesis. B) thermonuclear fusion. C) radiant energy conversion. D) radioactivity. E) none of these

beryllium

40) If a pair of helium nuclei are fused together, the result is A) helium isotope. B) lithium. C) beryllium. D) boron. E) carbon.

helium

41) If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is A) hydrogen. B) boron. C) lithium. D) beryllium. E) helium.