Physiology: Appendicular Skeleton
trochlear notch
"C" shaped articular surface that fits over the trochela of humerus to form the elbow joint; on the posterior side, the bump of the trochlear notch forms the "elbow"
pubis
anterior to ischium, joined together by the symphysis pubsis (fibrocartilage)
medial and lateral condyles (tibia)
articulate with femur (tibial plateau)
medial and lateral condyles (femur)
articulate with the tibia
sacroiliac joint
articulates coxal bones to sacrum
acromion process
articulates with clavicle that lies in the anterior shoulder region
head of femur
articulates with coxal bone in the acetabulum
patella
articulates with the anterior surface of femur
head of radius
articulates with the capitulum of the humerus; forming a pivot joint allowing the hand to flip over to the other side
humerus head
articulates with the glenoid cavity on the scapula and with the radius and ulna in the region of the elbow
lesser trochanter
bump medial and inferior to the head; site of muscle attachment
greater trochanter
bump on lateral, proximal end of femur; muscle attachment for muscles of the hip; widest part of your hips
trochela
condyle on medial side of humerus; articulates with ulna
capitulum
condyle that is on the lateral side of the humerus, articulates with the radius
upper limb
consists of 30 bones and includes the bones that make up the arm, wrist bones and hand bones; most of the bones are in the wrist and fingers
lower limb
consists of the thigh bone (femur), the patella, two leg bones (tibia and fibula), ankle bones (tarsals), and foot bones (metatarsals and phalanges)
pectoral girdle
consists of two bones; the scapula and the clavicle
femur
contains: head neck greater trochanter lesser trochanter medial and lateral condyles medial and lateral epicondyles pateller groove
acetabulum
cup-like structure that forms the ball and joint with the head of the femur
coronoid fossa (humerus)
depression for the proximal portion of ulna
olecranon fossa (humerus)
depression for the proximal portion of ulna
phalanges
each toe has three except the big toe which has two
male vs. female pelvises
females have to have a wide enough pelvis to give birth to a fetus; thus, females have a rounder pelvic opening and the sacrum is less curved relative to males
symphysis pubis
fibrocartilage joint that connects coxal bones anteriorly
phalanges
finger bones; two in the thumb and three in each of the remaining digits; knuckles are the articulation between
metatarsal bones
five bones from the foot
ilium
forms posterior/lateral portion of pelvis; site of muscle attachment for the back, thigh, and abdominal wall
upper limb contains
humerus ulna radius interosseous membrane carpal bones metacarpal bones phalanges
coracoid process
inferior to acromion process; serves as muscle attachments for certain muscles of the shoulder
ischium
inferior to ilium in the posterior directions
radial tuberosity
inferior to the head, place of muscle attachment (biceps)
epicondyles
large bumps proximal to condyles, for muscle attachment
scapula
large, flat, triangular shaped bone contains: acromion process glenoid fossa coracoid process scapular spine
tibia
larger of the two leg bones, carries most of weight of the leg; medial bone; articulates proximally with femur and distally with ankle bones contains: medial and lateral condyles tibial tuberosity medial malleolus
calcaneous
largest tarsal bone; on its posterior end is the point of attachment for the calcaneal tendon from the calf muscle
radius
lateral bone of the lower arm, extending from the elbow to the thumb-side of the hand contains: head radial tuberosity styloid process of radius
fibula
lateral bone of the lower leg; smalled in diameter then tibia contains lateral malleolus
greater tubercle
lateral side of the humerus and site of muscle attachment
interosseous membrane (IM)
ligament; enables two elbow joints (humeroradial and humerorolnar) to share the load and reduces wear and tear that one joint otherwise would have to bear alone
ulna
medial bone of lower arm, extends from the elbow to the little finger side of the hand contains: trochlear notch coronoid process styloid process
neck of femur
narrow section just lateral of the head
lateral epicondyle (humerus)
near the capitulum
medial epicondyle (humerus)
near the trochela
dimorphic
occurring or existing in two different forms
glenoid fossa
oval depression on lateral side of scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus of upper arm
metacarpal bones
palm bones; composed of five bones; head of bones make up the knuckles when fist is clenched
patellar groove
patella articulates with the femur
styloid process of ulna
pointed projection that can be felt medial-posterior side of wrist, place of ligament attachment
scapular spine
posterior side; divides the scapula into fossa for muscle attachment; acromion process extension off the scapular spine
lateral malleolus
projection on lateral side of ibula at the distal end (ankle)
styloid process of radius
projection on lateral side of wrist (ligament attachements)
medial malleolus
projection that can be felt on medial side of ankle
medial and lateral epicondyles (femur)
proximal to condyles; ligament attachment
talus
second largest tarsal bone; forms the articulation point with the ankle and the tibia and fibula
tarsal bones
seven bones of the ankle contains calcaneous and talus
tibial tuberosity
site of attachment for the patellar tendon and muscles
coronoid process of trochlear notch
small projection for muscle attachment
iliac crest
superior edges ilium
humerus
the bone that extends from the shoulder to the elbow contains: head greater tubercle two condyles on distal end (capitulum and trochela) epicondyles olecranon fossa coronoid fossa
obturator foramen
the inferior portion of each coxa; blood vessels and nerves
clavicle
the lateral end articulates with the acromion process; medial end articulates with the manubrium
coxal bones
three bones fused together (illium, ischium and pubis) also contains: iliac crest obturator foramen acetabulum
pelvic girdle
two coxal bones and sacrum contains: sacroiliac joint and symphysis pubis
carpal bones
wrist bones; composed of eight bones, held together by ligaments