Physiology: Appendicular Skeleton

trochlear notch

"C" shaped articular surface that fits over the trochela of humerus to form the elbow joint; on the posterior side, the bump of the trochlear notch forms the "elbow"

pubis

anterior to ischium, joined together by the symphysis pubsis (fibrocartilage)

medial and lateral condyles (tibia)

articulate with femur (tibial plateau)

medial and lateral condyles (femur)

articulate with the tibia

sacroiliac joint

articulates coxal bones to sacrum

acromion process

articulates with clavicle that lies in the anterior shoulder region

head of femur

articulates with coxal bone in the acetabulum

patella

articulates with the anterior surface of femur

head of radius

articulates with the capitulum of the humerus; forming a pivot joint allowing the hand to flip over to the other side

humerus head

articulates with the glenoid cavity on the scapula and with the radius and ulna in the region of the elbow

lesser trochanter

bump medial and inferior to the head; site of muscle attachment

greater trochanter

bump on lateral, proximal end of femur; muscle attachment for muscles of the hip; widest part of your hips

trochela

condyle on medial side of humerus; articulates with ulna

capitulum

condyle that is on the lateral side of the humerus, articulates with the radius

upper limb

consists of 30 bones and includes the bones that make up the arm, wrist bones and hand bones; most of the bones are in the wrist and fingers

lower limb

consists of the thigh bone (femur), the patella, two leg bones (tibia and fibula), ankle bones (tarsals), and foot bones (metatarsals and phalanges)

pectoral girdle

consists of two bones; the scapula and the clavicle

femur

contains: head neck greater trochanter lesser trochanter medial and lateral condyles medial and lateral epicondyles pateller groove

acetabulum

cup-like structure that forms the ball and joint with the head of the femur

coronoid fossa (humerus)

depression for the proximal portion of ulna

olecranon fossa (humerus)

depression for the proximal portion of ulna

phalanges

each toe has three except the big toe which has two

male vs. female pelvises

females have to have a wide enough pelvis to give birth to a fetus; thus, females have a rounder pelvic opening and the sacrum is less curved relative to males

symphysis pubis

fibrocartilage joint that connects coxal bones anteriorly

phalanges

finger bones; two in the thumb and three in each of the remaining digits; knuckles are the articulation between

metatarsal bones

five bones from the foot

ilium

forms posterior/lateral portion of pelvis; site of muscle attachment for the back, thigh, and abdominal wall

upper limb contains

humerus ulna radius interosseous membrane carpal bones metacarpal bones phalanges

coracoid process

inferior to acromion process; serves as muscle attachments for certain muscles of the shoulder

ischium

inferior to ilium in the posterior directions

radial tuberosity

inferior to the head, place of muscle attachment (biceps)

epicondyles

large bumps proximal to condyles, for muscle attachment

scapula

large, flat, triangular shaped bone contains: acromion process glenoid fossa coracoid process scapular spine

tibia

larger of the two leg bones, carries most of weight of the leg; medial bone; articulates proximally with femur and distally with ankle bones contains: medial and lateral condyles tibial tuberosity medial malleolus

calcaneous

largest tarsal bone; on its posterior end is the point of attachment for the calcaneal tendon from the calf muscle

radius

lateral bone of the lower arm, extending from the elbow to the thumb-side of the hand contains: head radial tuberosity styloid process of radius

fibula

lateral bone of the lower leg; smalled in diameter then tibia contains lateral malleolus

greater tubercle

lateral side of the humerus and site of muscle attachment

interosseous membrane (IM)

ligament; enables two elbow joints (humeroradial and humerorolnar) to share the load and reduces wear and tear that one joint otherwise would have to bear alone

ulna

medial bone of lower arm, extends from the elbow to the little finger side of the hand contains: trochlear notch coronoid process styloid process

neck of femur

narrow section just lateral of the head

lateral epicondyle (humerus)

near the capitulum

medial epicondyle (humerus)

near the trochela

dimorphic

occurring or existing in two different forms

glenoid fossa

oval depression on lateral side of scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus of upper arm

metacarpal bones

palm bones; composed of five bones; head of bones make up the knuckles when fist is clenched

patellar groove

patella articulates with the femur

styloid process of ulna

pointed projection that can be felt medial-posterior side of wrist, place of ligament attachment

scapular spine

posterior side; divides the scapula into fossa for muscle attachment; acromion process extension off the scapular spine

lateral malleolus

projection on lateral side of ibula at the distal end (ankle)

styloid process of radius

projection on lateral side of wrist (ligament attachements)

medial malleolus

projection that can be felt on medial side of ankle

medial and lateral epicondyles (femur)

proximal to condyles; ligament attachment

talus

second largest tarsal bone; forms the articulation point with the ankle and the tibia and fibula

tarsal bones

seven bones of the ankle contains calcaneous and talus

tibial tuberosity

site of attachment for the patellar tendon and muscles

coronoid process of trochlear notch

small projection for muscle attachment

iliac crest

superior edges ilium

humerus

the bone that extends from the shoulder to the elbow contains: head greater tubercle two condyles on distal end (capitulum and trochela) epicondyles olecranon fossa coronoid fossa

obturator foramen

the inferior portion of each coxa; blood vessels and nerves

clavicle

the lateral end articulates with the acromion process; medial end articulates with the manubrium

coxal bones

three bones fused together (illium, ischium and pubis) also contains: iliac crest obturator foramen acetabulum

pelvic girdle

two coxal bones and sacrum contains: sacroiliac joint and symphysis pubis

carpal bones

wrist bones; composed of eight bones, held together by ligaments