Physiology Chapter 9 Endocrine System Test

Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of: A) Antidiuretic hormone ADH B) growth hormone C) glucagon D) parathyroid hormone PTH E) prolactin PRL

A, Antidiuretic hormone ADH

Cortisone and cortisol and types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland

Glucocorticoids

Alcohol suppresses the production of this hormone, ________, which normally promotes water retention and prevents dehydration

Antidiuretic hormone or ADH

A hormone called ________ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle

Melatonin

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to: A) reabsorb potassium B) reabsorb sodium C) reabsorb calcium D) reabsorb iodine E) reabsorb hydrogen

B, reabsorb sodium

Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of ________ and ________ ions in our blood

Sodium, potassium

The hormone produced by male testes which is responsible for sperm production is ________

Testosterone

The gland that is primarily responsible for body metabolism is indicated by letter________? (See picture on first page of packet)

D

A hormone called ________ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells

Thymosin

The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by letter _______? (See picture on first page of packet)

A

The pineal gland is indicated by letter ________? (See picture on first page of packet)

A

The hormone responsible for the maturation of the white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is: A) Thymosin B) melatonin C) aldosterone D) progesterone E) thyroxine

A, Thymosin

Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called: A) hormonal stimulus B) humoral stimulus C) neural stimulus D) receptor-mediated stimulus E) steroid stimulus

A, hormonal stimulus

Which hormone is produced by the placenta that stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) C) luteinizing hormone (LH) D) prolactin E) oxytocin

A, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

The cells in the testes that produce testosterone are called: A) interstitial cells B) alpha cells C) beta cells D) pancreatic islet cells E) gonadotropic cells

A, interstitial cells

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone: A) maintenance of pregnancy B) deepening of the voice C) growth of facial hair D) sperm production E) development of heavy bones and muscles

A, maintenance of pregnancy

Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone? A) oxytocin B) estrogen C) adrenocorticoids D) d) testosterone E) mineralocorticoids

A, oxytocin

Generalized hyposecretion of all adrenal cortex hormones leads to ________

Addison's disease

Another name for epinephrine is ________

Adrenaline

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________

Androgens

The producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary is indicated by letter _________? (See picture on first page of packet)

B

Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex hormones results in skin bronzing, feeling of burn-out, and suppression of the immune system, this condition is known as A) Graves' disease B) addison's disease C) Cushing's disease D) diabetes insipidus E) cretinism

B, Addison's disease

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of: A) parathyroid hormone PTH B) Antidiuretic hormone ADH C) glucagon D) oxytocin E) prolactin PRL

B, Antidiuretic hormone

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the: A) pineal gland B) anterior pituitary gland C) adrenal gland D) posterior pituitary gland E) thyroid gland

B, anterior pituitary gland

The thyroid gland is located: A) above the kidneys B) below the Adam's apple C) within the mediastinum D) within the pancreas E) within the parathyroid glands

B, below the Adam's apple

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called: A) alpha cells B) beta cells C) dealt cells D) gamma cells E) theta cells

B, beta cells

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body? A) t3 and t4 B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone C) oxytocin and prolactin D) insulin and glucagon E) melatonin and glucocorticoids

B, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following except: A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells B) catalyze cyclic AMP C) enter the nucleus D) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus E) activates genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis

B, catalyze cyclic AMP

Which of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells A) plasma membrane permeability changes B) cellular mutations occur C) enzymes are activated or inactivated D) mitosis is stimulated E) proteins are synthesized in the cell

B, cellular mutations occur

The pancreas is located: A) near the hypothalamus in the brain B) close to the stomach C) around the trachea D) beneath the sternum E) on top of the kidneys

B, close to the stomach

An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine is called: A) exophthalmos B) goiter C) cretinism D) myxedema E) acromegaly

B, goiter

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycle is: A) Thymosin B) melatonin C) progesterone D) glucagon E) thyroxine

B, melatonin

The pineal gland produces: A) Thymosin B) melatonin C) estrogen D) insulin E) cortisol

B, melatonin

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, I called A) cortisone B) renin C) cortisol D) vasopressin E) angiotensin

B, renin

Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT: A) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females B) stimulate growth of facial hair C) stimulate menstruation D) help maintain pregnancy E) prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg

B, stimulate growth of facial hair

The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by letter _________? (See picture on first page of packet)

C

Which hormone, released by the heart, prevents aldosterone release in order to lower blood pressure A) renin B) angiotensin II C) atrial natriuretic peptide ANP D) cortisol E) Antidiuretic hormone ADH

C, atrial natriuretic peptide ANP

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin aware two hormones produced by the: A) heart B) liver C) duodenum of small intestine D) cecum of large intestine E) stomach

C, duodenum of small intestine

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones? A) nervous system B) immune system C) endocrine system D) integumentary system E) muscular system

C, endocrine system

The hormone that stimulates the follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is: A) luteinizing hormone B) prolactin C) follicle-stimulating hormone D) progesterone E) interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

C, follicle-stimulating hormone

Prostaglandins are: A) amino acid-based hormones B) steroid hormones C) lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes D) glycerol hormones E) target organs

C, lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus: A) polyuria B) polydipsia C) moon face D) polyphagia E) acidosis

C, moon face

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the A) pineal gland B) thymus C) parathyroid glands D) adrenal cortex E) posterior pituitary

C, parathyroid glands

Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes: A) are protein hormones B) are controlled by hormones produced by the adrenal cortex C) promote the formation of sex cells D) are produced in equal amounts in both males and females E) are secreted in response to posterior pituitary hormones

C, promote the formation of sex cells

Growth hormone: A) is secreted by the thymus gland B) prevents urine production C) promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles D) is produced by the thyroid gland E) results in Cushing's disease if produced in excess

C, promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles

Most hormones are: A) regulated by a positive feedback mechanism B) classified as steroids C) released upon stimulation by other hormones D) controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients E) able to diffuse through the plasma membrane of their target cells

C, released upon stimulation by other hormones

Tropic hormones: A) stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones B) stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones C) stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones D) stimulate nervous tissue E) stimulate prostaglandins

C, stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones

Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin A) stimulation of uterine contractions B) stimulation of breaths milk ejection C) stimulation of menstruation D) postpartum bleeding control E) labor induction

C, stimulation of menstruation

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ________

Cushing's syndrome

Which one of the following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone: A) prolactin B) adrenocorticotropic hormone C) follicle-stimulating hormone D) Antidiuretic hormone E) luteinizing hormone

D, Antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following is NOT an action of catecholamines: A) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system B) dilation of the small passages of the lungs C) increased heart rate D) decreased blood pressure E) increased blood glucose levels

D, decreased blood pressure

The "fight or flight" response triggers the release of A) ADH B) prolactin C) growth hormone D) epinephrine E) melatonin

D, epinephrine

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels: A) glucocorticoids B) epinephrine C) growth hormone D) insulin E) glucagon

D, insulin

The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is: A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) iodine E) bromine

D, iodine

The body's major metabolic hormone is called: A) prolactin B) growth hormone C) adrenaline D) thyroid hormone E) calcitonin

D, thyroid hormone

Which of the following hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine: A) follicle-stimulating hormone FSH B) adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH C) gonadotropic hormones D) thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH E) luteinizing hormone LH

D, thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels

Insulin

The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by letter ________? (See picture on first page of packet)

J

Thyroxine is also known by an alternate name, ________, due to the number of iodine atoms it contains

T4

The target organ of thyrotropic stimulating hormone (TSH) is the ________ gland

Thyroid

The hormones that operate by direct gene activation are steroid hormones and ________?

Thyroid hormone

T/F Hyposecretion of FSH or LH leads to sterility in both males and females

True

T/F Thyroid hormone is actually two iodine-containing hormones called T3 and T4

True

T/F Thyroxine is converted to triiodothyronine at target tissues to promote metabolism

True

T/F calcitonin is a hormone antagonistic to parathormone in the regulation of blood calcium concentration

True

T/F hormones that are secreted in response to other hormones are produced by hormonal stimuli

True

T/F mineralocorticoids help regulate both water and electrolyte balance in body fluids

True

T/F most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms

True

T/F parathyroid hormone is the most important regulator of blood calcium concentration

True

T/F the adrenal glands are similar to the pituitary gland in that they have both glandular and neural tissue

True

T/F the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are actually made by the hypothalmus

True

T/F the target tissue of prolactin is the female breast

True

T/F vasopressin is another name for Antidiuretic hormone

True

Glucagon acts as an antagonist to a hormone called ________

Insulin

The gland situated around the thyroid gland that operates entirely under humoral control is represented by letter ______?

E

The glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland are indicated by letter __________? (See picture on first page of packet)

E

Hyposecretion of thyroxine in childhood leads to a disease known as: A) goiter B) dwarfism C) myxedema D) exophthalmos E) cretinism

E, cretinism

Which of these hormone is released by the adrenal medulla A) sex hormones B) aldosterone C) cortisone D) glucocorticoids E) epinephrine

E, epinephrine

Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended (as an adult) is called: A) pituitary dwarfism B) Cushing's disease C) acromegaly D) myxedema E) gigantism

E, gigantism

Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT A) help resist long-term stress B) increase blood glucose level C) decrease edema D) suppress inflammation E) regulate salt content of the blood

E, regulate salt content of the blood

The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by letter _______? (See picture on first page of packet)

F

The thymus gland is indicated by letter _________? (See picture on first page of packet)

F

T/F Hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to pituitary dwarfism

False

The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by letter ___________? (See picture on first page of packet)

H

The pancreas is indicated by letter________? (See picture on first page of packet)

H

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the females urine called ________

Human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG

Hormones that are released in response to changing blood levels are controlled by ________ stimuli

Humoral

The gland that is the major producer of female hormones is indicated by letter __________? (See picture on first page of packet)

I

Insulin and glucagon are both hormones that's are produced by ________

Pancreatic islet cells

Calcitonin is made by the ________ of the thyroid gland

Parafollicular Cells

The protein hormone released by the anterior pituitary responsible for maintaining milk production in breaths-feeding female is ________

Prolactin

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, which causes the release of aldosterone, is called ________

Renin

T/F Antidiuretic hormone inhibits urine production and promotes water reabsorption by the kidney

True

T/F thyroid hormone targets all cells of the body

True

T/F The study of hormones and endocrine organs is known as immunology

False

T/F all hormones can arouse and bring about changes in all cells of the human bidy

False

T/F calcitonin is produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland

False

T/F diabetes insipidus is caused by Hyposecretion of insulin

False

T/F neurosecretory cells transport oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormones to the anterior pituitary gland for storage

False

The glands that produce steroids and catecholamines are indicated by letter ________? (See picture on first page of packet)

G