Physiology Lecture Quiz 1

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Examples of negative feedback

- body temp - regulation of blood glucose - Blood pressure with posture

What is the importance of pH?

- shapes and function of molecules - enzyme activity - most chemical reactions - ability of molecules to dissolve in water

What is the relative acidity of wine (pH4) compared to soap (pH 10)?

1,000,000

What are the 4 major molecules of life?

1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids

Types of lipids

1. fats 2. phospholipids 3. ketones 4. prostaglandins 5. steroids

Types of carbohydrates

1. monosaccharides 2. disaccharides 3. polysaccharides

How much more acidic is urine (pH 6) than ammonia (pH 11)

100,000

What is the normal human body pH?

7.35-7.45

A protein disorder involving an abnormal chloride ion channel on cells

Cystic Fibrosis

Which of the following organ systems has the biggest and fastest impact on regulating blood pH?

Respiratory

Positive feedback loop

When change occurs and body responds by causing more of that change

What is a stimulus?

a change in a body function usually outside of normal range

cystic fibrosis

abnormal chloride ion channels on cells

Example of exogenous steroids

anabolic steroids, birth control hormones, anti-inflammatory steroids

The nucleus in the hypothalamus that responds to a change in body temp

anterior

The sensor that detects changes in arterial blood pressure

aortic and carotid artery baroreceptors

define acidosis

blood pH < 7.35

define alkalosis

blood pH > 7.45

Function of fats

can be used for energy (saturated, usaturated, trans)

Which of the following is a polysaccharide found in plant cells?

cellulose and starch

Prion disease in deer

chronic wasting disease

What is a sensor?

detects the change and sends signal to integrating center

Lactose in an example of a

disacharide

ketoacidosis

drop in blood pH from metabolizing ketones

protein structure determines how proteins ___________.

function

If blood glucose levels decrease from normal, which of the following changes takes place to bring glucose levels back to normal?

glucagon secretion from the pancreas

Example of monosaccharides

glucose

which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

glycogen

which of the following is a polysaccharide found in animal cells?

glycogen

What term defines all of the changes that occur in the body to keep function within normal range?

homeostasis

The intergrating center that receives the information from the sensor given in question 10 above.

hypothalamus

What is the sensor in the positive feedback loop involving child breast feeding and oxytocin release?

hypothalamus

What secretes oxytocin?

hypothalamus

What stimulates skeletal muscles and sweat glands

hypothalamus

The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is _________

increased blood glucose

A blood pH of 7.9 is

indicative of alkalosis

_________ are liver-synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs, but metabolism of them can decrease blood pH.

ketones

The use of ketones for energy,_______________, can lead to a drop in blood pH termed ________________.

ketosis, ketoacidosis

function of ketones

lipids used for ATP when we run out of carbs, glucose, and glycogen

The integrating center that detects responds to changes in arterial blood pressure by sensors in BP

medulla

What brainstem structure controls heart rate and arteriole diameter?

medulla

What responds to oxytocin release?

milk glands and uterine smooth muscle

example of endogenous steroids

natural cotrisol, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

Our body can metabolize all of the following to make ATP except

nuclei acids

Examples of positive feedback

nursing and oxytocin & birth and oxytocin

__________ is the logarithmic scale of H+ ions and OH- ions

pH

What is the study of how the body maintains homeostasis?

physiology

which of the following form of lipids plays a role in inflammatory processes?

prostaglandins

huntington's chorea

protein that causes degeneration of somatic motor neurons

What is the function of prostaglandins

regulates inflammatory process

A protein disorder involving an abnormal form of hemoglobin

sickle cell

Example of polysaccharide

starch

Exogenous steroids

steroid from outside body

endogenous steroids

steroid produced by your own body

What does insulin do?

stimulates the body's cells to take up glucose from the blood

glyogen

storage form of glucose

___________ sense the stimulus of a baby's head pressing against the cervix

stretch receptors

Example of disaccharide

sucrose

The nucleus in the hypothalamus that responds to the nipple being stimulated by a nursing infant

supraoptic and paraventricular

When body temp is too high, these effectors respond to hypothalamic stimulation to cool the body.

sweat glands

The function of insulin

tells body tissues to take up blood glucose and bring glucose down

function of glucagon

tells liver to break down glycogen and release glucose

What is the effector?

the muscle or gland that responds to the command

function of phospholipids

they make up the cell membrane

Which of the following lipids is used primarily for energy storage as white fat in adipocytes?

triglycerides

T/F Anabolic steroid abuse in males can cause testicular atrophy and gynocomastia.

true

Ketosis

use of ketones for energy

What is the function of steroids

used to make cholesterol and steroid hormone (sex hormones)

What is the effect?

usually reverses the initial change in body function

Negative feedback loop

when changes occur and body responds by reversal of the change

Wat is an integrating center?

where sensory info is interpreted and sends a command


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